NEE Exam 2025 - Result (Out), Answer Key, Admit Card, Pattern, Cutoff, Merit List

Chemistry: Unit 01

• Physical nature of matter, states of matter; general concept about mixture, solution, colloidal solution, suspension, distillation, condensation, evaporation, sublimation and fusion; effect of pressure and temperature on states of matter

Chemistry: Unit 02

• Dalton's atomic theory, elements, compounds, cathode ray, X-ray, Thomson's model of an atom, Rutherford's model of atomic structure
• Bohr's model of atomic structure
• Electronic configuration (in terms of shells only) of elements up to atomic number 20; atomic number, mass number, isotopes and isobars; radioactivity

Chemistry: Unit 03

• Mendeleev and modern periodic table, periodic trend of metallic and non-metallic character, atomic size, nature of bonding, oxides and related chemical properties, prediction of properties of an atom

Chemistry: Unit 04

• Octet rule or inert gas configuration as criteria of stability
• Ion, atom, and valency
• Ionic bonds, covalent bonds (in simple cases), shape of molecules of H₂O NH₃, CH₄ CC1₄, C₂H₂, C₂H₄ SF₆, PCI₅, CO₂ BeCl₂ BF₃

Chemistry: Unit 05

• Decomposition, displacement reactions, isomerization, combination, reversible and irreversible reactions, chemical equilibrium, law of chemical equilibrium, chemical formula and equations, atomic and molecular masses, mole concept
• Gram atomic mass and gram molecular mass, mole concept, gram atomic mass and gram molecular mass, determination of formula of unknown compounds, balancing of chemical reactions

Chemistry: Unit 06

• Bond energy, energy involved in a reaction
• Photochemical reactions and generation of free radicals
• Electrolysis of water and NaCl, electrochemical cells (galvanic cell) with reference to dry cells and storage cells
• Sun and nuclear energy, sun and its source of energy (nuclear fusion), nuclear fission, chain reaction, nuclear reactors, nuclear hazards, simple nuclear reactions

Chemistry: Unit 07

• Physical and chemical properties, reaction with O₂, dilute acid, C1₂
• Elementary metallurgy of Cu, Fe, Al, and uses of the metals
• Washing soda, baking soda, lime, preparation of bleaching powder, plaster of Paris, cement, glass, steel
• Some common alloys of copper, iron, and aluminium
• Corrosion of metals

Chemistry: Unit 08

• Physical and chemical properties, reactions with O₂, acid, C1₂, H₂, preparation and properties of Si, P, S, ammonia, hydrogen, and sulphuric acid
• Carbon and its compounds: allotropes of carbon
• Hydrocarbon: alkanes, isomerism in alkanes
• Petroleum; Preparation and properties of methanol, ethanol, methanal, propanone, general properties of organic acids and esters, synthetic polymers: Addition polymers (PE, PP, PVC, teflon) and condensation polymers ( nylons and polyesters)
• Rubber and its vulcanization; soaps, detergents; cleansing action of soaps and detergents

Chemistry: Unit 09

• Fossil fuel, coal, petroleum, natural gas; classification of fuels
• Calorific value of fuels, ignition temperature, combustion of fuels, characteristics of an ideal fuel

Chemistry: Unit 10

• Types of pollution and pollutants, acid rain, green house effect, eutrophication and soil erosion
• Conservation and protection of environment

Mathematics: Unit 01

• Number system: Whole numbers, integers, rational and irrational numbers, surds and rationalization of surds, real numbers
• Polynomials: Definition of a polynomial, factorization of polynomials factorization of quadratic and cubic expressions, HCF and LCM of polynomials
• Rational expressions: Addition, multiplication, and division of rational expressions
• Linear equations in one and two variables: Solution of linear equations in one and two variables by cross multiplication, and other simple methods; application to practical problems
• Quadratic equations: Zeros of quadratic equations, solution of quadratic equations by-(i) factorization, (ii) method of completion of square: Quadratic formula, application quadratic equations. Arithmetic progression (AP): Definition, nth term of an AP
• Quadratic equations: Arithmetic progression (AP)-sum of finite number of terms an AP

Mathematics: Unit 02

• Lines, angles, and triangles: Geometrical concepts of a point, angle and a triangle, angles made by a transversal with two lines, sum of the angles of a triangle, different criteria for congruence of two triangles, properties of isosceles triangle
• Lines, angles, and triangles: Similar triangles, proportionality theorems, concurrent lines in a triangle
• Parallelograms: Definition, properties of a parallelogram, types of parallelograms, some theorems on parallelograms
• Circles: Definition, congruence of circles, chords of a circle arcs of a circle, angles subtended by arcs and chords at a point on a circle, angles in a cyclic quadrilateral, tangents to a circle, properties of tangents to a circle
• Circles: Chord of a circle intersecting in a point, alternate segments and its angles, common tangents to circles
• Trigonometry: Trigonometric ratios of angles of measures 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°. Trigonometric ratios of some specific angles, solution of right triangles; trigonometric ratios of complementary angles; simple problems on heights and distances
• Trigonometry: Angles of elevation and depressions
• Mensuration: Area of a triangle, quadrilateral, circle, sector, and segment of a circle, trapezium, concept of perimeter of these figures. Lateral and total surface area of right triangular prisms, volume of a right triangular prism
• Mensuration: Lateral surface area and volume of a right pyramid, surface area and volume of a tetrahedron, lateral and total surface area, and volume of a cuboid, cube, right circular cylinder
• Mensuration: Right circular cone hemisphere and surface area, and volume of a sphere, surface area and volumes of combinations of these solids, volume and surface are of a frustum of a right circle cone
• Statistics and probability: Mean, median, mode, and their properties, measures of central tendency, probability as a measure of uncertainty
• Coordinate geometry (2D): Distance between two points, section formula between two points

Chemistry: Unit 01

• Nature of matter, properties of matter and their measurements, law of chemical combination, Dalton's atomic theory, atomic and molecular masses, mole concept, stoichiometry and stoichiometric calculations

Chemistry: Unit 02

• Constituent of the atom, electronic structure of atom, understanding electron behavior, Bohr's model of hydrogen and hydrogen like atoms, spectrum of hydrogen, dual behavior of matter, De Broglie equation, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle
• Quantum numbers, shapes of orbital, Aufbau principle, Pauli's exclusion principle, Hund's rule of maximum multiplicity; electronic configuration of elements up to atomic numbers 30
• Chemical bonding: Lewis structure, hybridization, and VSEPR theory with reference to BeC1₂, BF₃, CH₄, CC1₄, NH₃, H₂O, NH₄ +, H₃O +, PCI₅, SF₆, C₂H₄ and C₂H₂
• Molecular orbital theory with reference to simple homodiatomic molecules up to atomic number 10
• Hydrogen bond
• Dipole moment in simple molecules

Chemistry: Unit 03

• The gaseous state: kinetic molecular theory of ideal gases
• Laws governing the ideal behavior of gases, deviation from the ideal behavior; Van Der Waals equation of state for real gases
• Concept of critical constants, liquefaction of gases
• Solid state: Structure of simple ionic compounds, close-packed structure, ionic radii; silicates, imperfections in solids, properties of crystalline solids and amorphous solids

Chemistry: Unit 04

• Types of solution, vapor pressure of solution and Raoult's law, ideal and non-ideal solutions
• Colligative properties, abnormal molecular masses

Chemistry: Unit 05

• Some basic concepts; energy changes during a chemical reaction, internal energy, and enthalpy
• Enthalpy of reaction, first law of thermodynamics, concept of entropy and free energy, spontaneity of a process, second and third law of thermodynamics

Chemistry: Unit 06

• Equilibrium involving physical changes and chemical systems, law of mass action and its application to equilibrium
• Le-Chatelier's principle and its applications
• Ionic equilibrium; Ostwald's dilution law; Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis concept of acids, and bases
• PH scale, buffer solutions, and solubility product

Chemistry: Unit 07

• Rate of reaction, instantaneous rate of a reaction, molecularity, and order of a reaction, factors affecting the rate of a reaction, elementary and complex reactions, determination of the order of a reaction
• Dependence of reaction rate on temperature and catalyst, photochemical reactions, mechanism of a reaction

Chemistry: Unit 08

• Adsorption, colloidal solutions, emulsions
• Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis

Chemistry: Unit 09

• Oxidation and reduction as an electron transfer process, oxidation number, balancing of redox equations

Chemistry: Unit 10

• Electrolytic conductance, equivalent and molar conductivities, galvanic cell, electrode potential and EMF of a galvanic cell, dependence of EMF on concentration and temperature electrochemical cell, and free energy, electrolysis
• Quantitative aspect of electrolysis, Faraday's laws, and criteria for product formation; some commercial batteries, corrosion

Chemistry: Unit 11

• General trends, characteristics of compounds of alkali and alkaline earth metals
• Anomalous behaviour of lithium and beryllium
• Some important compounds of sodium and calcium
• Chemistry of hydrogen, water, and hydrogen peroxide

Chemistry: Unit 12

• General trends
• Anomalous behaviour of boron and carbon
• Allotropy: Different allotropes of carbon, sulphur, phosphorus, and tin
• Chemistry of some important compounds of boron, carbon, silicon, nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, sulphur, and halogens
• Characteristics of group-18 elements, and chemistry of xenon
• Metallurgy of aluminum

Chemistry: Unit 13

• General trends, characteristic properties of transition and inner transition elements
• General properties of first row transition metal compounds
• Metallurgy of iron and copper
• Manufacture of steel, chemistry of some heavy metals like silver, gold, zinc, mercury, and compounds such as potassium permanganate and potassium dichromate

Chemistry: Unit 14

• Coordination compounds, isomerism and bonding in coordination compounds; stability of coordination compounds in solution; importance of coordination compounds
• Organometallic compounds

Chemistry: Unit 15

• Classification and nomenclature of organic compounds, isomerism, and stereochemistry
• Fundamental concepts in organic reaction mechanism, methods of purification; qualitative and quantitative analysis of organic compounds; modern methods of structure elucidation
• Hydrocarbons: Preparation and properties of alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes; aromatic hydrocarbons, aromaticity
• Preparation, properties, and structure of benzene
• Organic compounds with functional group: General methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, and important uses of haloalkanes, haloarenes, polyhalogen compounds, alcohols, phenols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones
• Carboxylic acids and derivatives of carboxylic acids, cyanides, isocyanides, amines, nitro and azo compounds
• Polymers: Nomenclature and classification of polymers, types of polymerization, molecular mass of polymers; some commercially important polymers
• Biomolecules: Structure and function of carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and vitamins
• Nuclear chemistry: Discovery of radioactivity and nature of radiation from radio active substances; chemical equations for nuclear changes, radioactive series, rate of radioactive decay, artificial transmutation radioactivity, synthetic elements
• Nuclear fission, nuclear fusion
• Applications of radioactivity and radioisotopes

Chemistry: Unit 16

• Dyes, chemicals in medicines, chemistry of rocket propellants, chemicals in food, soaps, and detergents

Mathematics: Unit 01

• Sets: Sets and their representations, finite and infinite sets, subsets, empty or null set, universal set, equal sets, power set and complement of a set, union and intersection of sets and their algebraic properties, difference of sets, Venn diagrams
• Sets: Application of sets

Mathematics: Unit 02

• Ordered pairs, Cartesian product of sets, relations, domain, codomain and range, into and onto functions, one one into and one one onto functions, constant function, identity function, composition of functions, invertible functions, binary operations

Mathematics: Unit 03

• Complex number in the form (a+ib), representation of complex numbers by points in plane, Argand diagram, algebra of complex numbers, real and imaginary parts of a complex number, triangle inequality, modulus and argument (or amplitude) of a complex number
• Conjugate, square root of a complex number, cube root of unity, polar representation of a complex number

Mathematics: Unit 04

• Solution of a quadratic equation in the complex number system by (i) factorization (ii) using formula, relation between roots and coefficients, the nature of roots, formation of quadratic equations with given roots, symmetric functions of roots
• Equations reducible to quadratic forms

Mathematics: Unit 05

• Sequence and examples of finite and infinite sequences, arithmetic progression (A.P.)-first term, common difference and nth term, sum to n terms of an A.P., arithmetic mean (A.M.), insertion of A.M. between any two given numbers
• Geometric progression (G.P.)-first term, common ratio, and nth term, sum to n terms and infinite number of terms of a G.P., recurring decimal numbers as G.P., geometric mean (G.M.) insertion of G.M. between any two given numbers, harmonic progression
• Harmonic mean (H.M.), relationship among A.M., G.M., and H.M., arithmetico-geometric series, special cases of Ʃn, Ʃn², Ʃn³, exponential series concept of e as the sum of an infinite series, proof of 2<e<3, exponential function (eˣ) as the infinite series
• Logarithmic series-infinite series for loge (1+x), loge (1-x) and related problems

Mathematics: Unit 06

• Fundamental principle of counting, the factorial notation, permutation as an arrangement, meaning of P (n, r), combination, meaning of C (n, r), application of permutations and combinations

Mathematics: Unit 07

• The principle of mathematical induction, simple applications
• Binomial theorems: Statement of binomial theorem, proof of the binomial theorem for positive integral exponent using the principle of mathematical induction, general and middle terms in binomial expansions, binomial theorem for any index (without proof)
• Application of binomial theorem for approximation and properties of binomial coefficients

Mathematics: Unit 08

• Mathematical logic statement, Venn diagrams, negation, basic logical connectives and compound statement including the negations, truth tables, duality algebra of statements and applications of logic in solving simple problems
• Matrices and determinants: Types of matrices, equality of matrices, operations of addition, scalar multiplication and multiplication of matrices, statements of important results on operations of matrices and their verification by numerical problems only
• Linear equations in matrix notation, determinants, determinant of a square matrix, properties of determinants, minors, and cofactors of determinants, applications of determinants in-(i) finding area of a triangle, (ii) solving a system of linear equations
• Applications of determinants in-(ii) Cramer's rule, transpose, adjoint, and inverse of a matrix, consistency and inconsistency of system of linear equations, application of matrices in solving simultaneous linear equations in two or three variables

Mathematics: Unit 09

• Boolean algebra as an algebraic structure, principle of duality, Boolean function, conditional and biconditional statements, valid arguments, switching circuits, application of Boolean algebra to switching circuits

Mathematics: Unit 10

• Trigonometric functions of sum and difference of numbers, trigonometric functions of multiples and submultiples of numbers, conditional identities for the angles of a triangle, solution of trigonometric equations, solution of triangles
• Concept of inverse trigonometric functions and their use to reduce expression to simplest form
• Vectors: Vectors and scalars, magnitude and direction of a vector, types of vectors, position vector of a point dividing a line segment in a given ratio, components of a vector, addition of vectors, multiplication of a vector by a scalar
• Vectors: Scalar (dot) product of vectors, projection of a vector on a line, vector (cross) product of two vectors, application of dot and cross products in-(i) finding area of a triangle and a parallelogram (ii) problems of plane geometry and trigonometry
• Vectors: Application of dot and cross products in-(iii) finding work done by a force, (iv) vector moment of a vector about a point, scalar triple product, and its applications, moment of a vector about a line
• Vectors: Application of dot and cross products in-(iv) coplanarity of three vectors or four points using scalar triple product, vector triple product

Mathematics: Unit 11

• Two Dimension: (i) Area of a triangle, condition for the collinearity of three points, centroid and in-centre of a triangle, locus, and its equation
• The straight line and pair of straight lines-various forms of equations of a line, intersection of lines, angles between two lines, condition for concurrency of three lines, distance of a point from a line
• Coordinates of orthocenter and circumventer of a triangle, equation of family of lines passing through the point of inter-section of two lines, homogeneous equation of second degree in x and y, angle between pair of lines through the origin
• Combined equation of the bisectors of the angles between a pair of lines, condition for the general second degree equation to represent a pair of lines, point of inter-section and angle between two lines represented by S=0 and the factors of S

Mathematics: Unit 12

• Standard form of the equation of a circle, general form of the equation of a circle, its radius and center, equation of a circle in the parametric form, equation of a circle when the end points of a diameter are given
• Points of inter-section of a line and a circle in the center at the origin, and condition of a line to be tangent to the circle, length of tangent, equation of the tangent, equation of a family of circles through the intersection of two circles
• Condition for two intersecting circles to be orthogonal
• Conic sections-sections of cones, equations of conic sections (parabola, ellipse, hyperbola) in standard forms, conditions for y=mx+c to be a tangent and points of tangency

Mathematics: Unit 13

• Coordinate axes, planes in three dimensional space, coordinates of a point in space, distance between two points, section formula, dc's and dr's of a line joining two points, projection of the join of two points on a given line
• Angle between two lines whose dr's are given, Cartesian and vector equation of a line through-(i) a point and parallel to a given vector, (ii) through two points, colinearity of three points, coplanar and skew line, shortest distance between two lines
• Cartesian and vector equation of a line through-(ii) condition for the intersection of two lines, Cartesian and vector equation of a plane-(i) when the normal vector and the distance of the plane from the origin is given
• Cartesian and vector equation of a plane-(ii) passing through a point and perpendicular to given vector, (iii) passing through a point and parallel to two given lines through the intersection of two other planes, (iv) containing two lines
• Cartesian and vector equation of a plane-(v) passing through three points, angle between two lines (ii) two planes (iii) a line and a plane
• Condition of coplanarity of two lines in vector and Cartesian form, length of perpendicular of a point from a plane by both vector and Cartesian methods, vector and Cartesian equation of a sphere, its center and radius
• Diameter form of the equation of a sphere

Mathematics: Unit 14

• Function, limits, and continuity: Concept of real function, its domain and range, types of functions, limit of a function, meaning and related notations, left and right hand limits, fundamental theorems on limits, limit at infinity, and infinite limits
• Function, limits, and continuity: Continuity of a function-(i) at a point, (ii) over an open/ closed intervals, sum, product, and quotient of continuous functions, continuity of special functions-polynomial, trigonometric, exponential, logarithmic
• Function, limits, and continuity: Inverse trigonometric functions

Mathematics: Unit 15

• Derivative of a function, its geometrical and physical significance, relationship between continuity and differentiability, derivative of some simple functions from first principle, derivative of sum, difference, product, and quotient of functions
• Derivative of polynomial, trigonometric, exponential, logarithmic, inverse trigonometric and implicit functions, derivative of functions expressed in parametric form, chain rule and differentiation by substitution, derivatives of second order

Mathematics: Unit 16

• Rate of change of quantities, tangents, and normals, increasing and decreasing functions, and sign of the derivatives, maxima and minima, greatest and least values, Rolle's theorem and mean value theorem (without proof), curve sketching of simple curves

Mathematics: Unit 17

• Integration as inverse of differentiation, properties of integrals, integration by substitution, by parts, partial fractions and their use in integration, integration of rational and irrational functions
• integration of trigonometric functions of the type-∫ dx/ a + b cosx, ∫ dx/ a + b sinx and ∫ sin m x cos n xdx

Mathematics: Unit 18

• Definite integral as limit of a sum, fundamental theorems of integral calculus (without proof), evaluation of definite integrals by-(i) substitution, (ii) using properties of definite integrals
• Application of definite internals in finding the areas bounded by a curve, circle, parabola, and ellipse in-standard form between two ordinates and x-axis, area between two curves (line and circle, line and parabola, line and ellipse)

Mathematics: Unit 19

• Definition, order and degree, general and particular solution, formation of a differential equation whose general solution is given, solution of differential equation by the method of separation of variables, homogeneous differential equations
• Linear differential equation of the type dy/dx + py(x) whose p(x) and Q(x) are functions of x, solution of second order differential equations
• Statics and dynamics: Elementary statics-introduction, basic concepts, laws of mechanics, force, resultant of forces acting at point, parallelogram law of forces, resolved parts of a force, equilibrium of a particle under three concurrent forces
• Statics and dynamics: Triangle law of forces and its converse, Lami's theorem and its converse, two parallel forces, like and unlike parallel forces, couple and its moment

Mathematics: Unit 20

• Basic concept like displacement, speed, velocity, average speed, instantaneous speed, acceleration and retardation, resultant of two velocities, motion of a particle along a line when moving with constant acceleration, motion of a particle under gravity
• Projectile motion, the path of a projectile, its horizontal range, velocity at any instant, greatest height and time of flight

Mathematics: Unit 21

• Random experiment and associated sample space events as subsets of sample space, occurrence of an event, impossible events, sure events, combination of events through the operations 'and', 'or', 'not', and their set representation
• Meaning of equally likely outcomes, definition of probability of an event as the ratio of the number of favorable equally likely outcomes to the total number of outcomes, equally likely events, addition rule for mutually exclusive events
• Conditional probability, independent-events, independent experiments, calculation of probability of events associated with the independent experiments P (A or B), P (A and B), Bayes's theorem and its application
• Recall of concept of random variables and its probability distribution, mean and variance of random variables, binomial, and Poisson's distributions, their mean, variance, and application of these distributions in commerce and industry

Biology: Unit 01

• Theories and evidences of origin of life, concept of species, speciation, and isolation; homeostasis; scope of biology; classification-artificial, natural, and phylogenetic; binomial nomenclature; status of bacteria and virus

Biology: Unit 02

• Ultra structure of cell; cell organelles and their function; cell division; karyotype analysis; chromosomal basis and other patterns of inheritance; linkages and crossing over; mutation and chromosomal aberrations; gene mapping; human genetics
• Structure of RNA and its role in protein synthesis; gene expression and its regulation; nuclear basis of differentiation and development; oncogenes; DNA as a genetic material; recombinant DNA technology; gene bank; DNA fingerprinting
• Genomics-principles and applications; transgenic plants, animals, and microbes

Biology: Unit 03

• Plant water relations; transpiration; photosynthesis; respiration, glycolysis, Kreb's cycle, compensation point, respiratory quotient; food and vitamins; inter-and intracellular digestion; role of hormones and enzymes in digestion; malnutrition
• Respiration and circulation in animals; blood, its composition and related disorder; osmoregulation and excretion
• Reproduction and growth in plants, and animals: Vegetative, micropropagation, and sexual reproduction; flowering-photoperiodism, vernalization; pollination; double fertilization; parthenogenesis and parthenocarpy; reproduction in animal
• Embryonic development, growth, repair, aging, and death; movement and locomotion in plants and animals; nervous coordination in animal; phytochromes; seed germination; role of growth regulators in seed dormancy

Biology: Unit 04

• Organism and the environment; population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere; major biomes; ecological succession; productivity; energy flow in ecosystem; nutrient cycling; natural resources and its conservation; biodiversity; environmental pollution
• Global environmental changes; environmental ethics and legislation

Biology: Unit 05

• Morphology and modification of root, stem, and leaf; inflorescence, flower, fruit, seed structure, and types; description of family poaceae, liliaceae, fabacae, solanaceae and asteraceae; meristematic and permanent tissues; anatomy of root, stem and leaf
• Secondary growth; animal tissues-structure and function of epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissues; salient features of earthworm, cockroach, and rat

Biology: Unit 06

• Human population growth and factors; common problem of drug, alcohol and tobacco; mental and addictive disorder; common human diseases; technology for medical application; plant tissue culture and its application; bioenergy; biopesticide; biopiracy
• Bioethics; domestication and improvement of plants, and animals; biomedical technologies such as radiography, angiography, sonography, ECG, EEG, ELISA test; types, detection, and diagnosis of cancer

Vocational-Physics: Unit 01

• Units for measurements, systems of units, fundamental and derived units, SI units
• Dimensional analysis and their applications
• Motion in one and two dimensions: Objects in motion in one dimension, motion in a straight line, uniform motion, its graphical representation and formulae, speed and velocity, instantaneous velocity, uniformly accelerated motion, its position-time graph
• Velocity-time graph and formulae
• Vectors and scalars, representations of vectors in two dimensions, unit vector, vector addition and multiplication, resolution of vectors in plane, rectangular components, scalar and vector products, motion in two dimensions, projectile motion
• Uniform circular motion

Vocational-Physics: Unit 02

• Force and inertia, first law of motion, momentum, second law of motion, impulse, third law of motion, examples of third law, linear momentum, conservation of linear momentum, equilibrium of concurrent forces, static and kinetic friction, laws of friction
• Rolling friction, lubrication
• Work, energy, and power: Work done by a constant force, kinetic and potential energy, power, work energy principle, spring constant, gravitational potential energy, conservation of energy, elastic collision in one dimension

Vocational-Physics: Unit 03

• Centre of mass of a two-particle system, centre of mass of a rigid body, general motion of a rigid body, motion of centre of mass, nature of rotational motion, rotational motion of a single particle in two dimensions
• Uniform circular motion and their examples, torque, angular momentum, conservation of angular momentum, moment of inertia, and its physical significance

Vocational-Physics: Unit 04

• Newton's law of gravitation, universal gravitational constant 'G', acceleration due to gravity 'G', mass and density of the earth, inertial and gravitational mass, variations of 'G'
• Gravitational potential energy near the earth's surface, gravitational potential, orbital velocity, escape velocity, geostationary satellite

Vocational-Physics: Unit 05

• Inter atomic and intermolecular forces, states of matter, elastic properties of solids, Hooke's law, Young's modulus, bulk modulus, and modulus of rigidity
• Fluid pressure, Pascal's law, buoyancy, flotation, Archimedes' principle, atmospheric pressure
• Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, capillary rise, viscosity, Stokes law, streamline and turbulent flow, Reynolds's number, Bernoulli's theorem, and its applications

Vocational-Physics: Unit 06

• Kinetic theory of gases, pressure exerted by a gas, kinetic energy, and temperature, measurement of temperature, absolute temperature scale, Gas laws, and Avogadro's number
• Specific heat of solids and liquids, latent heats of fusion and vapourisation, transfer of heat

Vocational-Physics: Unit 07

• Periodic motion, simple harmonic motion, equation of simple harmonic motion, kinetic and potential energy in simple harmonic motion, oscillations due to a spring mass system, simple pendulum, time period of a simple pendulum
• Wave motion, speed of a wave, principle of superposition, reflection of wave, standing waves in string (graphical representation only), sound wave and its propagation in different media, effect of pressure, and temperature on velocity of sound waves
• Characteristics of sound waves

Vocational-Physics: Unit 08

• Frictional electricity, charges, and their conservation, Coulomb's law, electric field, and potential due to a point charge, dipole, its fields along the axis, concept of dielectric and dielectric constant, conductors and insulators
• Presence of free charges and bound charges inside a conductor, capacitance, parallel plate capacitor with air and dielectric medium between the plates, series and parallel combination of capacitors, energy stored in a capacitor, Van De Graaff generator

Vocational-Physics: Unit 09

• Electric current, Ohm's law, resistivity, resistance of different materials, temperature dependence of resistance, resistances in series and parallel, Kirchhoff's law-illustrations by simple examples
• Wheatstone bridge and its applications for comparing EMF of two cells and determination of internal resistance of a cell, electric power, and heating effects of current

Vocational-Physics: Unit 10

• Oersted's experiment, force on a moving charge in a uniform magnetic field, force on a current carrying conductor and torque on current loop in a magnetic field, forces between two parallel current carrying conductors, definition of ampere
• Moving coil galvanometer and its conversion into ammeter, and voltmeter

Vocational-Physics: Unit 11

• Natural and man made magnets, properties of bar magnet, current loop as magnetic dipole, lines of force in a magnetic field, comparison of bar magnet and solenoid, earth's magnetic field, tangent galvanometer, vibration magnetometer
• Electromagnets and permanent magnets

Vocational-Physics: Unit 12

• Induced EMF, Faraday's laws, Lenz's law, electromagnetic induction, self and mutual inductance

Vocational-Physics: Unit 13

• Sources of light, luminous intensity, luminous flux, reflection of light at plane and spherical surfaces, curved mirrors, mirror formula
• Refraction of light, refractive index, total internal reflection, spherical lenses, thin lens formulae, lens maker's formula, magnification
• Refraction and dispersion of light due to prism, spectrometer-its use for the determination of refractive index of material of a prism, scattering of light in atmosphere, primary rainbow, optical instruments-simple and compound microscopes
• Refracting and reflecting telescopes

Vocational-Chemistry: Unit 01

• Discovery and properties of sub-atomic particles (electron, proton, and neutron), Rutherford's atomic model, Bohr's model of hydrogen and hydrogen-like atoms, spectrum of hydrogen, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, dual nature of electron
• De-Broglie equation, quantum numbers, concept of atomic orbital, Pauli's exclusion principle, Hund's rule of maximum multiplicity, Aufbau principle, electronic configuration of elements up to atomi c number 20

Vocational-Chemistry: Unit 02

• Ionic, covalent, coordinate covalent, hydrogen and metallic bonds, properties of compounds having these bonds
• Hybridization and VSPER theory for the molecular shape of simple molecules such as BeC1₂, BF₃, CH₄, CC1₄, NH₃, H₂O, NH₄⁺, H₃O⁺, PCl₅, SF₆, C₂H₄, and C₂H₂

Vocational-Chemistry: Unit 03

• Mendeleev's periodic table and long form of the periodic table (main features, merits and demerits), periodic properties (metallic characters, ionization potential electron affinity, and electronegativity)
• Classification of elements into s, p, d, and f-blocks, general trends of periodic properties of s-and p-block elements

Vocational-Chemistry: Unit 04

• Physical properties of gases, laws governing their behavior (Boyle's law, Charles's law, Gay-Lussac's law, Avogadro's law, Dalton's law of partial pressure, Graham's law of diffusion), ideal gas equation, kinetic molecular theory of ideal gases
• Deviation from ideals behaviour, Van Der Waals equation of state; continuity of states, importance of critical constants, liquefaction of gases

Vocational-Chemistry: Unit 05

• Reversible reaction, law of mass action and its application to chemical equilibrium, homogeneous and heterogeneous equilibrium, Le Chatelier's principle and its application, ionic equilibria
• Theory of electrolytic dissociation, Ostwald's dilution law; Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis concepts of acids, and bases

Vocational-Chemistry: Unit 06

• Oxidation and reduction processes (classical and modern concepts), oxidation state, calculation of equivalent mass of oxidizing and reducing agents, balancing of redox reactions using oxidation number and ion-electron methods

Vocational-Chemistry: Unit 07

• Faraday's laws of electrolysis (statement, explanation and application), numerical problems; electrical conductance, specific conductance, equivalent and molar conductance's; general concept of galvanic cell and its representation; electrode potential
• Standard hydrogen electrode and reference electrode, electrochemical series and its applications, EMF of a galvanic cell, Nernst equation for electrode and cell potentials; some commercial cells and batteries

Vocational-Chemistry: Unit 08

• Classification of organic compounds, nomenclature of hydrocarbons and compound containing one functional group, homologous series, isomerism
• General methods of preparation and properties of alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes
• Aromatic hydrocarbons, structure of benzene
• Electrophilic substitution reactions in benzene

Vocational-Chemistry: Unit 09

• Simple methods of preparation and properties of halo-alkanes, alcohols, phenols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, derivatives of carboxylic acid, amino-, cyano-, isocyano-, azo-, and nitro-compounds

Vocational-Mathematics: Unit 01

• Trigonometric ratios of compound, multiple and sub-multiple angles, general solution of trigonometric equations, properties and solution of triangles, inverse circular functions

Vocational-Mathematics: Unit 02

• Complex numbers: Complex number and its properties, different forms of complex numbers, roots of complex numbers, cube roots of unity and their properties, De-Moivre's theorem
• Progressions: Arithmetic and geometric progressions, arithmetic and geometric means, harmonic progression, sum of n-terms and nth terms of AP, and GP
• Permutation and combinations, binomial theorem for positive integral index, middle term, greatest term, binomial coefficients
• Partial fractions of different forms
• Determinants of order two, three, and their properties

Vocational-Mathematics: Unit 03

• Coordinates of a point in a plane, distance between two points, division of a line segment in a given ratio (internal and external division), different forms of equation of a straight line, distance of a point from a line, angle between two lines
• Bisector of an angle between two lines, pair of straight lines, equation of a circle, tangent and normal to a circle, equation of second degree representing a conic section, basic ideas about parabola, ellipse, and hyperbola

Vocational-Mathematics: Unit 04

• Coordinates of a point in three dimensions, distance between two points, division of join of two points
• Angle between two lines, direction cosines, and direction ratios of a line, projection of a point on a line
• Equation of a plane, different forms of equation to a plane, angle between two planes, plane through three given points, angle between a plane and line, equation of a straight line in space, coplanar lines, shortest distance, centre and radius of sphere

Vocational-Mathematics: Unit 05

• Vector and its components, different kinds of vectors, addition and subtraction of vectors, scalar and vector products of two and three vectors

Vocational-Mathematics: Unit 06

• Functions and their representation limit, continuity and differentiability of a function, derivatives of elementary functions, derivatives of sum, product, and quotient of functions, derivatives of exponential, logarithmic, and hyperbolic functions
• Successive differentiation and Leibniz theorem, Rolle's theorem, and Lagrange's mean value theorem, L`hospital's rule, curvature, asymptotes, and concepts of curve tracing, maxima and minima of functions of one variable

Vocational-Mathematics: Unit 07

• Integration, integral of elementary functions, integration by parts and by substitution, integral of rational functions and trigonometric functions, integration of irrational functions, definite integrals, area under simple curves

Vocational-Mathematics: Unit 08

• Mean, median, mode and standard deviation of discrete, and grouped data

Vocational-Agricultural engineering (farm equipment trade): Unit 01

• Engineering drawing: Lines, lettering and dimensioning, geometrical construction, scales, engineering curves, conic sections, cycloid, projection of points, straight lines, planes and solids, sectional views, isometric views, auxiliary projections
• Workshop: Hand tools for carpentry and fitting, forging, welding, specification, and use; various operations: Sawing, planning, chiseling, joining, filing, marking, chipping, gas cutting, maintenance and types of maintenance (preventive and corrective)
• Workshop: Various operations-materials for machine components
• Mechanics: Vector concept, force and force system, static equilibrium, Newton's laws of motions and derived concepts like friction, centroid, area, moment of inertia, work energy principle, and application of impulse
• Electricity: Concept of voltage, current, resistance, power, and energy, relation between electrical, mechanical, and thermal units, temperature weft of resistance. Ohm's law, series, parallel, circuits and Kirchhoff's law, capacitance and inductance

Vocational-Agricultural engineering (farm equipment trade): Unit 02

• Tractors and power tillers: History of tractor and power tillers, technical specifications of various types and models of tractors, and power tillers. Working principles of tractor and power tiller engines including fuel system, cooling system
• Tractors and power tillers: Lubrication, air intake and exhaust system. Working principles of clutch, gear box, final drive, steering, brake, hydraulic and electrical system. PTO and belt pulley. Wheels and ballasting
• Farm machinery: Agricultural mechanization, scope, benefits, and limitations. Land reclamation machinery. Equipment required for seedbed preparation, sowing, planting, interculture, irrigation, plant protection, harvesting and threshing
• Farm machinery: Implement hitching, safety in operation, machinery management. Servicing and maintenance: Selection of site for establishing centre for repair and overhaul of tractors. Selection of hand tools, workshop machines, materials
• Farm machinery: Seals and packing. Repair and preventive maintenance of general purpose machine components like fasteners, bearing, coupling, spring, and elements of rotary motion drive. Fault diagnosis of various systems of engine
• Farm machinery: Tractor and power tiller, checking of wear and tear, repair of worn out components and maintenance. Routine and preventive maintenance of tractor, repair, and maintenance of farm equipment and land reclamation machinery

Vocational-Agricultural engineering (food processing trade): Unit 01

• Engineering drawing: Lines, lettering and dimensioning, geometrical construction, scales, engineering curves, conic sections, cycloid, projection of points, straight lines, planes and solids, sectional views, isometric views, auxiliary projections
• Workshop: Hand tools for carpentry and fitting, forging, welding, specification, and use; various operations: Sawing, planning, chiseling, joining, filing, marking, chipping, gas cutting, maintenance and types of maintenance (preventive and corrective)
• Workshop: Various operations-materials for machine components
• Mechanics: Vector concept, force and force system, static equilibrium, Newton's laws of motions and derived concepts like friction, centroid, area, moment of inertia, work energy principle, and application of impulse
• Electricity: Concept of voltage, current, resistance, power, and energy, relation between electrical, mechanical and thermal units, temperature weft of resistance. Ohm's law, series, parallel, circuits and Kirchhoff's law, capacitance and inductance

Vocational-Agricultural engineering (food processing trade): Unit 02

• Food material characteristics and properties
• Chemistry and microbiology of food, its processing and preservation
• Food additives, browning reaction
• Adulteration and food laws
• Nutritive value of foods
• Unit operation in food processing like washing, cleaning, sorting, grading, sizing, screening, heating, cooling, blanching, smoking and material handling etc, and related equipments
• Food preservation principles and methods
• Food processes such as drying, dehydration, heat treatment, refrigeration, freezing, fermentation, irradiation, evaporation, and concentration etc
• Food packaging materials and methods
• Processing and preservation methods of fruits, and vegetables, milk, fish, meat, and egg etc, and manufacture of their different products
• Instrumentation in food industry, instruments for measurement of process parameters, steam generation, refrigeration, and plant utilities in a food processing plant, equipment servicing
• Repair and maintenance of common post harvest (including pulse and cereal milling), food and milk processing operations
• Food grade engineering materials
• Cleaning, hygiene, sanitation, and sterilization of food processing, and handling equipment

Vocational-Civil engineering (construction technology or draftsman/ surveyor trade): Unit 01

• Engineering drawing: Lines, lettering and dimensioning, geometrical construction, scales, engineering curves, conic sections, cycloid, projection of points, straight lines, planes and solids, sectional views, isometric views, auxiliary projections
• Workshop: Hand tools for carpentry and fitting, forging, welding, specification, and use; various operations: Sawing, planning, chiseling, joining, filing, marking, chipping, gas cutting, maintenance and types of maintenance (preventive and corrective)
• Workshop: Various operations-materials for machine components
• Mechanics: Vector concept, force and force system, static equilibrium, Newton's laws of motions and derived concepts like friction, centroid, area, moment of inertia, work energy principle, and application of impulse
• Electricity: Concept of voltage, current, resistance, power, and energy, relation between electrical, mechanical and thermal units, temperature weft of resistance. Ohm's law, series, parallel, circuits and Kirchhoff's law, capacitance and inductance

Vocational-Civil engineering (construction technology or draftsman/ surveyor trade): Unit 02

• Construction material: Rocks, bricks, tiles, sand, cement, lime, and cement mortar, concrete, timber, steel, paints, and varnishes, distemper, plastics, glasses, asphalt, sound, and heat insulating materials
• Construction and maintenance: Building construction-types of rick and stone masonry; types and components of foundations, floors, doors and windows, arches and lintels, walls, stairs and roofs; roads: Geometric features of road WBM and BBM pavements
• Construction and maintenance: Equipments used in road construction; railways: Components, construction, and maintenance of tracks, points, and crossings; hydraulic structure: Types and construction of dams, and canals
• Surveying: Various surveying instruments; Methods of chain surveying, compass surveying, plane table surveying, theodolite surveying, leveling, and contouring
• Water supply and sanitation: Sources of water, pumps, types of distribution systems, appurtenances in distribution system, sanitary system, construction and maintenance of sewers. Different types of water supply and sanitary fittings, septic tanks
• Civil engineering drawings: Signs and symbols used in civil engineering drawings, drawings related to: Different types of masonry bonds, substructure details, timber joints, riveted, bolted and welded joints, and steel and timber trusses
• Estimation and quantity surveying : Types and methods of estimates; estimation of earthwork, masonry, RCC works, flooring, plastering, white washing and painting, sanitary fittings; specifications of construction materials and various items of works

Vocational-Electronics and communication engineering (electronics technology or electronics maintenance trade): Unit 01

• Engineering drawing: Lines, lettering and dimensioning, geometrical construction, scales, engineering curves, conic sections, cycloid, projection of points, straight lines, planes, and solids, sectional views, isometric views, auxiliary projections
• Workshop: Hand tools for carpentry and fitting, forging, welding, specification, and use; various operations: Sawing, planning, chiseling, joining, filing, marking, chipping, gas cutting, maintenance and types of maintenance (preventive and corrective)
• Workshop: Various operations-materials for machine components
• Mechanics: Vector concept, force and force system, static equilibrium, Newton's laws of motions and derived concepts like friction, centroid, area, moment of inertia, work energy principle, and application of impulse
• Electricity: Concept of voltage, current, resistance, power, and energy, relation between electrical, mechanical and thermal units, temperature weft of resistance. Ohm's law, series, parallel, circuits and Kirchhoff's law, capacitance and inductance

Vocational-Electronics and communication engineering (electronics technology or electronics maintenance trade): Unit 02

• Circuits and devices: Semiconductors, type of semiconductors, doping, p-n junction diodes and their characteristics, bipolar transistor, transistor, biasing, CE, CB and CC configurations, and their characteristics
• Circuits and devices: Principles of class A, AB, B, and C amplifier, gain, bandwidth, introduction to feedback amplifiers, sinusoidal oscillator, clipping and clamping circuits, monostable and astable multivibrators
• Fundamentals of communication and radio engineering: EM wave propagation-ground wave, space wave, and sky wave, antenna radiation, different types of antenna, analog communication, AM, FM, principles of multiplexing-FDM and TDM
• Fundamentals of communication and radio engineering: Introduction to digital communication, multichannel telephony, super heterodyne receiver, typical circuits of various stages of transistorized receivers, working principle, RF and IF alignment
• Fundamentals of communication and radio engineering: AVC and AGC TV and audio system-monochrome TV Interlace scanning, synchronization, blanking pulses, bandwidth requirement, VSB, picture resolution, typical circuits of the video amplifier and EHT stages
• Fundamentals of communication and radio engineering: Function of keyed AGC, AFC, various controls in a TV receiver, acoustics, high fidelity and high quality sound, sound recording-disc and tape, pool recording systems, equalization
• Fundamentals of communication and radio engineering: Microphones and speakers, PA system, record player, concept of Hi-Fi stereo
• Instruments: Resistors, capacitors, and inductors, printed circuit board
• Ammeter and voltmeter-different types and their working principle
• Analog and digital multimeters, DC power supply, cathode ray oscilloscope, and signal/ function generators

Vocational-Electrical engineering (electrical technology or electrical maintenance trade): Unit 01

• Engineering drawing: Lines, lettering and dimensioning, geometrical construction, scales, engineering curves, conic sections, cycloid, projection of points, straight lines, planes and solids, sectional views, isometric views, auxiliary projections
• Workshop: Hand tools for carpentry and fitting, forging, welding, specification, and use; various operations: Sawing, planning, chiseling, joining, filing, marking, chipping, gas cutting, maintenance and types of maintenance (preventive and corrective)
• Workshop: Various operations-materials for machine components and tools
• Mechanics: Vector concept, force and force system, static equilibrium, Newton's laws of motions and derived concepts like friction, centroid, area, moment of inertia, work energy principle, and application of impulse
• Electricity: Concept of voltage, current, resistance, power, and energy, relation between electrical, mechanical, and thermal units, temperature weft of resistance. Ohm's law, series, parallel, circuits and Kirchhoff's law, capacitance and inductance

Vocational-Electrical engineering (electrical technology or electrical maintenance trade): Unit 02

• Basic electricity: Primary, secondary cell, and charging of lead acid batteries, capacitance and inductance their series, and parallel connection, and energy storage, AC fundamental, wave shape, cycle, frequency, time period, peak, average and RMS value
• Basic electricity: Form factor, phase difference, peak factor, power factor, series AC RLC circuit
• Electrical machine: Magnetic effect of current, Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, force acting on a current carrying conductor in a magnetic field and torque production, DC machine-working principle of DC motor and DC generator
• Electrical machine: DC motor starting and speed control, common faults, causes, testing, and applications, single phase transformer-working principle
• Turns ratio, voltage, current, power relation and applications, single phase AC motor-commonly used single phase AC motors, starting, speed control, installation, testing, common faults and their causes, and testing, universal motor
• Instruments: Permanent magnet moving coil and moving iron, voltmeter and ammeter, dynamometer type wattmeter, ohmmeter, megger, induction type energy meter, their connection, and application for measurement
• Electrical appliances: Construction, principles, connection, common faults their causes and testing of the following equipments, electric room heater, electric iron, electric stove, geyser, electric kettle, electric fans, (ceiling and table fan)
• House wiring: Cleat wiring, casing, and capping wiring, batten wiring, conduit wiring and PVC wiring, controlling of lamps from two of three places. Schematic diagram of service connection
• Testing and connection of domestic wiring installation, wiring faults and rectification, installation of plate and pipe earthing, procedure for measurement of earth resistance
• Electrical drawing: Symbols used for common electrical equipments/ appliances, simple schematic and wiring-diagrams

Vocational-Mechanical engineering (mechanical craftsmanship trade): Unit 01

• Engineering drawing: Lines, lettering and dimensioning, geometrical construction, scales, engineering curves, conic sections, cycloid, projection of points, straight lines, planes and solids, sectional views, isometric views, auxiliary projections
• Workshop: Hand tools for carpentry and fitting, forging, welding, specification, and its use; various operations: Sawing, planning, chiseling, joining, filing, marking, chipping, gas cutting
• Workshop: Various operations-maintenance and types of maintenance (preventive and corrective), materials for machine components
• Mechanics: Vector concept, force and force system, static equilibrium, Newton's laws of motions and derived concepts like friction, centroid, area, moment of inertia, work energy principle and application of impulse
• Electricity: Concept of voltage, current, resistance, power and energy, relation between electrical, mechanical and thermal units, temperature weft of resistance. Ohm's law, series, parallel, circuits and Kirchhoff's law, capacitance and inductance

Vocational-Mechanical engineering (mechanical craftsmanship trade): Unit 02

• Sheet metal operations, tools and their specifications, carpentry (selection and wood working), pattern making; various fitting tools and their specifications; limits, fits and tolerances; engineering and geometrical drawing; projections
• Isometric drawing; reading engineering drawings; basic manufacturing processes like casting, forming welding, and metal cutting, various casting processes, sand casting, die casting, centrifugal casting
• Casting defects, melting furnaces
• Forging hammers and presses and various forging operations like upsetting, drawing, punching, etc
• Stock calculations
• Various welding processes and equipments, arc welding, gas welding, electrode specification and is codes, arc characteristics, TIG, MIG welding, soldering and brazing
• Various machine tools like lathe, milling, shaping, drilling machines, simple calculations, various operations like turning, facing, threading, knurling, groove cutting etc., taper, thread cutting calculations, gear cutting on milling machine
• Different grinding methods; materials for machine tool components and cutting tools, cutting fluid, lubricants
• Measuring tools (that is vernier, micrometer, gauges, comparators etc)

Vocational-Mechanical engineering (automobile technology trade): Unit 01

• Engineering drawing: Lines, lettering and dimensioning, geometrical construction, scales, engineering curves, conic sections, cycloid, projection of points, straight lines, planes and solids, sectional views, isometric views, auxiliary projections
• Workshop: Hand tools for carpentry and fitting, forging, welding, specification, and its use; various operations: Sawing, planning, chiseling, joining, filing, marking, chipping, gas cutting
• Workshop: Various operations-maintenance and types of maintenance (preventive and corrective), materials for machine components
• Mechanics: Vector concept, force and force system, static equilibrium, Newton's laws of motions and derived concepts like friction, centroid, area, moment of inertia, work energy principle, and application of impulse
• Electricity: Concept of voltage, current, resistance, power and energy, relation between electrical, mechanical and thermal units, temperature weft of resistance. Ohm's law, series, parallel, circuits and Kirchhoff's law, capacitance and inductance

Vocational-Mechanical engineering (automobile technology trade): Unit 02

• Different types of automobiles, types of IC engine and their components, auto cycle and diesel cycle, IHP, BHP, and FHP and their calculations, cooling system, lubrication system, differential, transmission system, braking system, and lighting system
• Two stroke/ four stroke engines, valve timing diagrams, carburetor and injector repairing of trouble shooting and remedial measures, servicing of a vehicle, repairs, functions of gear box of scooter, car or truck, working of dynamo, fuel pumps
• Function of clutches, motor cycles or scooters, steering mechanism, wheels and tyres, and their repairs

Vocational-Mechanical engineering (refrigeration and air conditioning trade): Unit 01

• Engineering drawing: Lines, lettering and dimensioning, geometrical construction, scales, engineering curves, conic sections, cycloid, projection of points, straight lines, planes and solids, sectional views, isometric views, auxiliary projections
• Workshop: Hand tools for carpentry and fitting, forging, welding, specification, and its use; various operations: Sawing, planning, chiseling, joining, filing, marking, chipping, gas cutting
• Workshop: Various operations-maintenance and types of maintenance (preventive and corrective), materials for machine components
• Mechanics: Vector concept, force and force system, static equilibrium, Newton's laws of motions and derived concepts like friction, centroid, area, moment of inertia, work energy principle, and application of impulse
• Electricity: Concept of voltage, current, resistance, power, and energy, relation between electrical, mechanical and thermal units, temperature weft of resistance. Ohm's law, series, parallel, circuits and Kirchhoff's law, capacitance and inductance

Vocational-Mechanical engineering (refrigeration and air conditioning trade): Unit 02

• Refrigeration systems, air cycle refrigeration, vapor compression cycle, deviation of actual cycle from the theoretical cycle, study of charts and tables for refrigerants
• Refrigeration of refrigeration processes on temperature-entropy and pressure, enthalpy diagrams
• Absorption-compressor, evaporator, pumps, valves
• Components of air conditioning, humidification and dehumidification, drying, evaporative cooling, comfort charts, year round air conditioning, air conditioning of cold storage, auditorium, aircrafts, locomotives
• Sensible and latent heat, heat load calculation, psychrometry, use of psychrometric chart, air distribution, and ventilation systems, types of fans and their ratings, and mountings

Chemistry: Unit 01

• States of matter: Gaseous state-postulates of kinetic theory of ideal gases; derivation of kinetic equation; derivation of ideal gas equation. Continuity of states, liquefaction of gases. Structure of solids, unit cell, fcc, bcc, ccp structure of solids
• Solution and colloidal solution: Concentration of solutions-mass percent, mass fraction, mole fraction, molality, normality, molarity. Dilute solutions: Raoult's law, its statement and explanation; ideal and non-ideal solutions
• Solution and colloidal solution: Colligative properties-relative lowering of vapour pressure, elevation in boiling point, depression in freezing point, osmotic pressure and its determination
• Solution and colloidal solution: Determination of molecular masses based on colligative properties; Van't Hoff theory of dilute solutions, Van't Hoff factor
• Colloidal solutions: Definition, classification, and preparation of colloidal solutions; properties of colloidal state: Tyndall effect, electrophoresis, Brownian movement; protective colloids
• Thermodynamics and thermochemistry: First law of thermodynamics, mathematical formulation of the law, isothermal and adiabatic changes; relation between heat capacities at constant pressure and constant volume
• Thermodynamics and thermochemistry: Second law of thermodynamics-Carnot cycle and derivation of an expression for efficiency of a reversible engine. Concept and physical significance of entropy, Gibbs energy and work function relation
• Thermodynamics and thermochemistry: Gibbs energy change and chemical spontaneity. Thermochemistry: Heats of reaction, Hess's law of constant heat summation
• Kinetics and chemical equilibrium: Rate of reaction, law of mass action, velocity constant. Reversible reactions and chemical equilibrium, equilibrium constant. Le Chatelier's principle (statement, explanation and it's industrial applications)
• Kinetics and chemical equilibrium: Molecularity and order of reaction, first and second order of reactions, rate law equation and mechanism of reactions
• Ionic equilibrium: Modern ionic theory; modern concepts on acids and bases; strength of acids and bases, ionic product for water, pH scale. Common-ion effect and solubility product, their applications in qualitative inorganic analysis and indicators

Chemistry: Unit 02

• Atomic structure and chemical bonding: Electrons, protons and neutrons, their charges and relative masses. The early models of the atom. Rutherford's model, hydrogen spectra; failure of Rutherford's model. Bohr's model of hydrogen and hydrogen like atoms
• Atomic structure and chemical bonding: Dual nature of electron, De-Broglie equation, uncertainty principle. Quantum numbers (that is quantum numbers and their application to electronic structure of atoms), concept of atomic orbital
• Atomic structure and chemical bonding: Pauli's exclusion principle, and Hund's rule,Aufbau principle, ionic bonds: Definition, factors influencing the formation of ionic compounds, Lattice energy of ionic compounds
• Atomic structure and chemical bonding: Covalent bonds-nature of covalent bond (Lewis concept), concept of orbital overlap in bond formation, sigma, and pi bonds, hybridization of atomic orbital (sp, sp² sp³ hybridization), properties of covalent compounds
• Atomic structure and chemical bonding: Covalent bonds-structure of simple molecules such as H₂O, NH₃, CH₄, C₂H₄, C₂H₂, PCI₅, and SF₆. Coordinate covalent bonds: Lewis concept, structure of H₃O + and NH₄ + ions on the basis of hybridization
• Atomic structure and chemical bonding: Properties of coordinate covalent compounds. Metallic bonds: Bonding in metals (elementary treatment only), insulators, conductors, and semiconductor, extrinsic semiconductors (n-type and p-type)
• Atomic structure and chemical bonding: Hydrogen bond-types of hydrogen bond, consequences of hydrogen bonding
• Periodic properties of elements: Mendeleef's periodic table and periodic law; long form of periodic table, its merits and demerits. General characteristics, properties of s-block, p-block, and d-block elements
• Periodic properties of elements: Trend of periodic properties of elements such as atomic volume, atomic radii, ionization potential, electron affinity and electronegativity in periodic table (qualitative treatment only)
• Metallurgy: General principles of extraction of metals, occurrence of metals, sources of different metals. General method of extraction of metals by pyrometallurgical process and by electrolysis (different principles only)
• Ferrous metallurgy: Ores of iron, metallurgy of iron, and manufacture of steel. Properties of cast iron, wrought iron, steel; effects of carbon, silicon, phosphorous, sulphur, manganese on cast iron and steel
• Non-ferrous metallurgy: Ores of aluminium and copper, metallurgy of aluminium and copper; properties and uses of lead, zinc, tin, and chromium
• Alloys: Effects of carbon and other alloying elements on the properties of steel. Composition and uses of the following alloys: Brass, bronze, German silver, bell metal, gun metal, duralumin, manganin, type metal, nichrome and solder
• The chemistry of some chemicals: Ammonia, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrogen and oxygen

Chemistry: Unit 03

• Introduction: Classification and nomenclature of organic compounds. Qualitative detection of nitrogen, sulphur, and halogens
• Hydrocarbons: Saturated and unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons. Preparation and properties with special reference to methane, ethane, ethylene, acetylene. Aromatic hydrocarbons: Preparation and properties of benzene; structure of benzene
• Haloalkanes and haloarenes: Preparation, properties, and uses of haloalkanes and polyhalogen derivatatives such as CHCl₃, CHI₃, DDT
• Compounds with functional groups containing oxygen: General methods of preparation and properties of alcohols, and phenols, aldehydes and ketones, carboxylic acid and acid derivatives
• Compounds with functional groups containing nitrogen: Preparation and properties of nitro compounds, amines, and azo-compounds
• Industrial chemistry: Plastics and polymers-definition of a polymer; polymerization (addition and condensation); thermoplastic and thermosetting resins; some commercially important plastics. Rubbers and their vulcanization
• Fuels: Definition of fuel, classification of fuels with examples; calorific value (gross and net). Solid fuels: Different types of solid fuels, ignition point, carbonization of coal, destructive distillation of wood (name of different products only)
• Fuels: Liquid fuels-fractional distillation of crude oil (only names of different fractions, boiling ranges, and uses of different fractions); properties of liquid fuels: Flash point, power point, viscosity, specific gravity carbon residue
• Fuels: Octane and cetane number. Gaseous fuels: Different commercial gaseous fuels with their composition and calorific value; manufacture of producer gas and water gas (principles with physicochemical reactions only)
• Water: Hard and soft water, boiler feed water, scale formation, priming and foaming, caustic embrittlement, water softening methods, treatment of water for town supply and sewage disposal
• Corrosion and its protection: Definition, theories of corrosion, factors affecting rate of corrosion, rusting of iron, demerits of corrosion, prevention of corrosion by various methods
• Environmental pollution: Air and water pollution-causes and remedy

Mathematics: Unit 01

• Arithmetic, geometric, and harmonic progressions, permutation and combination, binomial expansion for positive index, middle term, greatest term, binomial expansion for general index
• Determinants up to third order, their properties and application to solve linear algebraic equations (Cramer's rule), concept of a matrix, types of matrices, equality of matrices, operations of addition
• Scalar multiplication and multiplication of matrices, determinant of a square matrix, transpose, adjoint and inverse of a matrix, consistency and inconsistency of a system of linear equations
• Solving a system of linear equations in two or three variables using inverse of a matrix

Mathematics: Unit 02

• Inverse trigonometric functions, solution of inverse trigonometric equations

Mathematics: Unit 03

• Points and their coordinates in a plane, distance formula, area of a triangle, condition for the collinearity of three points and section formula, various forms of equations of a line, intersection of lines, angles between two lines
• Condition of concurrency of three lines distance of a point from a line, pair of lines, circle, tangents, and normal to a circle, simple problems on parabola, ellipse, and hyperbola

Mathematics: Unit 04

• Partial derivatives, maxima and minima of single, and two variables, tangent and normal, curvature and derivative of arc

Mathematics: Unit 05

• Integration of rational and irrational functions, integration of transcendental functions, definite integration, area bounded by curves, length of arc and volume of surface revolution

Mathematics: Unit 06

• Linear differential equations of first and second order, and their applications

Mathematics: Unit 07

• Gradient, divergence and curl, line integral, surface integral, and volume integral

Mathematics: Unit 08

• Points and coordinates on 3-dimensional space, distance between points, direction cosines, direction ratios, projections, equation to a plane, angle between planes, distance of a point from a plane, angle between lines and planes
• Condition of coplanarity of two lines, shortest distance between two lines, condition for the intersection of two lines

Mathematics: Unit 09

• Problems on probabilities, conditional probability, Bayes's theorem, binomial, and Poisson distributions

Agricultural engineering: Unit 01

• Laws of thermodynamics: Zeroth law, first law, second law
• Concept of enthalpy, internal energy, entropy, and absolute temperature
• Properties of pure substances and mixtures, reversibility and irreversibility
• Thermodynamic cycles, Carnot cycle, and steam power cycles, otto, disel, and dual cycles
• Equivalent forces at a point, simplest resultants in two and three dimensions, equations of equilibrium, free body diagrams, and reactions
• Two dimensional frames and trusses
• Principle of virtual work, frication forces
• Belt, rope and chain drive, and power screws
• Centroids, mass centers, second moment and product of inertia of plant area
• Velocity, acceleration, rectilinear, curvilinear coordinate system and relative motion, particle dynamics, equation of motion
• Concept of stress and strain, normal and shearing stresses, and stains
• Stress-strain diagrams for uniaxial loading
• Deformation of axially loaded members, torsion of circular shafts
• Stress and deflections in closed coiled helical strings subjects to flexural loads
• Reactions for statically determine beams, relationships between load, shearing force and bending moment, shear force and bending moment diagrams
• Theory of simple bending stresses, shearing stresses in beams, principal stresses and principal planes, principle strains, principal stresses in 3D, relation between elastic constants, combined torsion and bending, pressure vessels, biaxial, stresses
• Yield theories, deflection of beams

Agricultural engineering: Unit 02

• Pressure and its measurement
• Hydrostatic forces on surface
• Kinematics and dynamics of fluid flow
• Dimensional analysis and similitude
• Laminar and turbulent flow in pipes, general equation for head loss, energy loss trough pipe fittings

Agricultural engineering: Unit 03

• Principle and methods of chain surveying, prismatic compass and chain traversing
• Theodolite traversing
• Plane table surveying including two point and three point problems
• Leveling and contouring, measurement of areas and volumes
• Engineering properties of granular materials, soil classifications, fundamental definitions and relationships
• Determination of index properties of soils
• Permeability and seepage analysis
• Stress distribution
• Shear strength
• Mohr's circle of stresses
• Compaction
• Active and passive earth pressures
• Stability analysis of earthen slopes

Agricultural engineering: Unit 04

• Salient features of various source of farm power used in India, farm engine, tractors, and power tillers, their selection, operation, and adjustment
• Principles of working and construction of IC engine
• Engine valves and operating mechanism, fuel and combustion
• Different systems of IC engine such as fuel, lubrication, cooling, intake, exhaust etc
• Study of clutch, brake, gearbox, differential, final drive hydraulic and electrical system of farm tractors
• Use of electrical motors as a source of farm power
• Scope, need and constraints of mechanization
• Types of implements, field capacities, constructional details, design criteria and principals of operations of different types of hand tools
• Animal, power tiller and tractor operated primary, and secondary tillage implements such as indigenous plough, mould board plough, disk plough, rototillers, harrow, cultivator, subsoilar, leveler etc
• Types principles and constructional details of weeder, seed, and fertilizer drill, planters, transplanters, sprayer, duster, mower, vertical conveyor reaper, threshers and combine harvesters

Agricultural engineering: Unit 05

• Water resources utilization in India
• Ground water resources development and utilization, hydraulics of wells, open well and tube well design and construction
• Water lifts and irrigation pumps
• Measurement of irrigation water
• Water conveyance and its control
• Irrigation efficiencies, irrigation scheduling
• Design of irrigation channel and seepage analysis
• Design of underground pipelines
• Soil-plant-water relationships
• Land grading and field layout for efficient irrigation
• Introductory concept of farm irrigation methods: Border, check basin, furrow, sprinkler, and drip
• Drainage: Importance, problems, types, and requirements in agriculture, drainage coefficient, dynamics of soil-water, measurement of soil permeability, field drainage layout patterns

Agricultural engineering: Unit 06

• Hydrologic cycle, precipitation, infiltration, evaporation, runoff and its estimation, and measurement
• Types and mechanics of wind, and water erosions, biological and engineering measures of controlling erosion, gully control, and gully control structures
• Vegetative waterways and their design, stream bank erosion and its control, design, construction and maintenance of farm ponds
• Introduction to watershed management

Agricultural engineering: Unit 07

• Engineering properties of biological materials: Rheology of agricultural products
• Mixing and mixers
• Psychrometry; theory of grain drying, different types of grain dryers and dryer efficiency
• Size-reduction and energy requirement, Kick's law and Rittinger's law, roller mill, burr mill, and hammer mill
• Storage of grains, lateral and vertical pressure relationship
• Importance of agricultural processing: Process of cleaning, grading, and sorting, and related equipments
• Material handling equipments
• Processing of cereals, pulses, oil seeds
• Layout, maintenance and testing of related machinery, and plant
• By-products utilization; combustion, gasification and other chemical, and biochemical transformations
• Properties and classification of building material like bricks, lime, cement, sand, coarse aggregates, timber, asbestos, glass etc
• Animal shelters and storage structures in fans

Civil engineering: Unit 01

• Normal stress, shearing stress, normal strain, Hooke's law, stress-strain behaviour of mild steel, Poisson's ratio, shearing strain, torsion of circular shaft, relations among load, shear and bending moment, shear and bending-moment diagrams, pure bending
• Bending of members made of several materials, shearing stresses in a beam, Mohr’s circle for plane stress, principal stresses, maximum shearing stress, Euler’s formula for pin-ended columns and columns with other end conditions
• Equation of the elastic curve by double integration method, slope and deflection of determinate beams by moment-area theorems, deflections, and slope by energy methods, Castigliano's theorem, stability and degree of indeterminacy
• Rolling loads and influence lines for determinate beams, trusses, and floor girders, cables and three-hinged arch

Civil engineering: Unit 02

• Hydrology: Rainfall, stream flow measurements, runoff, hydrographs, flood studies, reservoir and channel routing, flood forecasting, flood protection measures, river training works, well hydraulics; Irrigation: Command area, duty and delta, canal outlets
• Irrigation: Crop-water requirement

Civil engineering: Unit 03

• Properties of fluid, manometry, forces on plane and curved surfaces, flow classification, continuity equation, momentum equation, and energy equation, and their applications, orifices, Venturimeter, weirs, and notches
• Laminar and turbulent flow through pipes, Darcy Weisbach equation, Moody diagram, steady uniform flow in open channels, manning's formula

Civil engineering: Unit 04

• Preliminary definitions and relationship, determination of index properties, classification of soils, soil structure, and clay mineralogy, permeability, Darcy's law, seepage analysis, compaction, one dimensional consolidation, Terzaghi's theory
• Shear strength, theoretical consideration and tests, shallow and deep foundations, soil exploration

Civil engineering: Unit 05

• Highway geometric design: Cross sectional elements, sight distances, horizontal and vertical alignments; types and components of pavement structures, design of flexible pavements; traffic characteristics: Road user and vehicular characteristics
• Traffic characteristics: Traffic volume studies, O-D studies, and traffic capacity studies

Civil engineering: Unit 06

• Components, construction, and maintenance of rail tracks, points, and crossings

Civil engineering: Unit 07

• Contouring, theodolite, and its adjustment, measurement of angles and setting out lines, trigonometrical leveling, tacheometry, curves and different methods of setting out curves, introduction to electronic theodolites and total stations

Civil engineering: Unit 08

• Working stress methods of design, singly and doubly reinforced sections, rectangular and tee beams, shear, torsion, and development length, one and two way slabs, short and long column, design of isolated footings, Introduction of limit state design
• Design for flexure, shear, and compression, design of riveted and welded connections, tension and compression members, splicing, and lacing, beam column connection, roof trusses

Civil engineering: Unit 09

• Estimation of quantity of water, per capita demand, population forecasting, water quality parameters, treatment of water, distribution system, estimation of quantity of sewage, dry weather flow, and storm run off, sewer appurtenances
• Characteristics of sewage, treatment, and disposal of sewage, sludge digestion

Computer science and engineering: Unit 01

• Overview of operating systems, operating systems structures, uses, types, and functions of operating systems
• File systems, file system implementation
• Concept of process-process management, process synchronization, and deadlocks, inter-process communications, CPU scheduling
• Memory management-allocation schemes, paging segmentation, virtual memory, demand paging, paging replacement algorithms
• Disk management-disk scheduling algorithms
• System softwares-functions and uses of system software, assemblers, loaders, linkers, pass structure of an assembler, loading schemes, macro and coroutines, macro processing and macro calls, subroutines and subroutine calls

Computer science and engineering: Unit 02

• Various number systems and their implementation, binary arithmetic, 1's complement, 2's complement, 9's complements and 10's complements of a number
• Floating point numbers, Boolean algebra and logic functions
• Different methods of minimizing Boolean functions
• Design of combinatorial circuits-adders, multiplexer, demultiplexer, decoder, parity generator and checker, comparator etc
• Switching algebra, function decomposition, symmetric function, contact networks, design of sequential circuits (synchronous and asynchronous), flip-flops, register, counter fault tolerant, hazard, stuck-at-fault, bridging fault, stuck-open-fault

Computer science and engineering: Unit 03

• 8085 microprocessor architecture, instruction set, assembly language program, counters and delays, interrupts, interfacing data converters, programmable interface devices: 8155 multipurpose programmable device, 8279 keyboard/ display interface
• Programmable interface devices: 8254 interval timer, 8259 interrupt controller, 8237 DMA controller
• CPU structure and function, basic idea of hardware and software, instruction sets: Characteristics, functions, and formats, addressing modes; computer arithmetic, control unit: Microprogram control, hardwired control; memory: Internal memory organization
• Memory: External memory (magnetic disk, RAID, optical memory, magnetic disk), cache memory, and mapping procedures; I/O organization: Interrupts, programmed I/ O, interrupt-driven I/ O, DMA, I/ O channels, standard I/ O interfaces; RISC and CISC processor
• Basics of parallel processing, pipelining

Computer science and engineering: Unit 04

• Programming in C and C++, syntax, preprocessor directives, built-in data types, user-defined data types, operators and precedence, loops and conditional flow of control, enumerated types, arrays, variable types, and scope of variables, global
• File and namespace, functions, pass by value, pass by reference, input and output handling, file handling
• Operator and function overloading, single inheritance, polymorphism, virtual member functions, constructor and destructor, information hiding, encapsulation, data members, member functions, public and private access

Computer science and engineering: Unit 05

• Arrays, link lists, stacks, queues, trees, graphs: Representations, implementations, and their applications-arithmetic expression evaluation, recursion, priority queues, etc, graph and tree traversals
• Basic search techniques: Tree searching-binary search trees, AVL trees, etc, hashing techniques
• Basic sorting techniques: Bubble sort, insert sort, selection sort, radix sort, tree indexes: M-way search trees, B-trees, B+trees

Electronics and communication engineering: Unit 01

• Analog devices and circuits: Physics of semiconductor materials and components, energy band diagram, Fermi level, Hall effects
• Devices: Diodes, BJTs FETs, thyristors, tunnel diodes, basics of ICs and operational amplifiers
• Circuits: Biasing circuits of transistors, design of power supplies using diodes and transistors-voltage regulator circuits transistor amplifier (BJT and FET), power amplifiers, feedback amplifiers, oscillators (qualitative analysis only). Multivibrators
• Circuits: Time base circuits. Regulated power supply. Time base circuit saw-tooth voltage and current generators, transistor switches, wave shaping circuit (diode and transistors), electrostatic and magnetic deflection methods
• Circuits: Low frequency h-parameter transistor and FET models, Pi models

Electronics and communication engineering: Unit 02

• Number systems: Logic gates-Boolean algebra, transistor as a switch logic families, arithmetic, and logic circuits, counters and shift registers, A/ D and D/ A converters, multiplexer, demultiplexer, encoder, decoder

Electronics and communication engineering: Unit 03

• Architecture-assembly language programming of 8085, peripheral devices, interfacing of memory and devices
• Semi conductor memories: RAM, ROM, storage devices, printer, connectors, floppy drives, organization of computer, simple programme

Electronics and communication engineering: Unit 04

• Systems, units, and standards of measurement, AC and DC indicating instruments, AC and DC bridge circuits, error analysis of generalized measurement systems, transducers (strain gauge, LVDT. Thermistor, thermocouple etc), electronic measuring instruments
• CRO, digital ammeter, millimeter, voltmeter, time and frequency measurements, signal generators, Q-meter, wattmeter, energy meter

Electronics and communication engineering: Unit 05

• Network theorems, single and two port networks, T-type, II-type ladder type networks
• Transmission lines: Characteristics impedances, attenuators, equalizers, basics of wave guides-transmission line charts

Electronics and communication engineering: Unit 06

• Type, simple design problems, basics of electromagnetic theory, Maxwell's equations
• Basics principles of wave propagation
• Fundamentals of antennas and radar, basics of microwaves, EM spectrum principles of microwaves devices and circuits

Electronics and communication engineering: Unit 07

• Introduction to signal analysis-Fourier series and Fourier transform
• Sampling theorem, Parseval's theorem, convolution, transmission through linear systems: AM, FM PM, pulse modulation; PCM: Amplitude limiting in FM, pre-emphasis, de-emphasis; noise in AM and FM: Multiplexing-FDM, TDM; ASK, FSK
• Block schematic of different transmitters for AM, FM, SSB, ISB systems; super heterodyne receivers, mixers, AGC, AFC, spectrum of EM waves; propagation of EM waves-sky waves-sky wave, ground wave, space wave, skip distance, maximum usable frequency
• Antenna fundamentals and radiation; communication systems; principles of telegraphy, telephony, and television broadcasting, basics of satellite and optical fibre communications: Fundamentals of telematics

Electrical engineering: Unit 01

• Phasors and phasor algebra, balanced and unbalanced polyphase circuit, test signals, star-delta transformation, network theorems, parameters of electromagnetic circuits, resonance in R-L-C series and parallel circuits
• Network analysis by mesh and node methods

Electrical engineering: Unit 02

• Conducting, insulating materials, and magnetic materials, properties and applications

Electrical engineering: Unit 03

• Principles of measurements: Classification, accuracy, and sensitivity, damping and control forces, shunt and multiplier, Measurement of resistance: Low, medium, and high
• Principle and uses of DC potentiometers, AC bridges
• Indicating instruments: Multimeter, PF meters, synchroscope

Electrical engineering: Unit 04

• Classification of DC machines: Constructional features, EMF, torque, excitations, motor performance, speed, power, size considerations, speed control, efficiency

Electrical engineering: Unit 05

• Induced EMF, equivalent circuits, regulation, different efficiencies
• Three phase induction machines: Torque characteristics, starting, equivalent circuits
• Three phase synchronous machines: Generation, voltage regulation, parallel operation, synchronous motor, starting and V-curves, single phase motors: type, starting characteristics

Electrical engineering: Unit 06

• Generation: Thermal, hydel, and nuclear power stations, prime movers and alternators
• Transmission: Voltage levels, line conductors, electrical line parameters of short and medium lines, voltage regulation, corona
• Distribution: DC and AC systems, voltage level, types of distribution feeders and distributors, voltage drop and effects, power factor improvement plant

Electrical engineering: Unit 07

• Different types, site selection, equipments, electrical earthing

Electrical engineering: Unit 08

• Switches, isolators, circuit breakers, and their types
• Protection: Fault current and protective devices, fuses, relay functions, alternator, transformer protection, thermal relays, over voltage-causes, effect, and protective devices

Electrical engineering: Unit 09

• Estimation of materials for industrial and residential installations
• UPS and small diesel generating-set, and accessories
• Cost estimation of materials and selection criteria, design and calculation of the cost of 400V/ 230V three phase 4 wire, 100-500 KW overhead line, tenders

Electrical engineering: Unit 10

• Design of lighting system
• Electrical heating: Resistance heating, induction heating, arc heating and dielectric heating, types of electric welding, electrochemical process: Principles, equipment, and procedure
• Electrical drives: Characteristics of various electric drives, speed control, starting and breaking, mechanical consideration, selection of motors

Electrical engineering: Unit 11

• Power diodes and Darlington pair
• Thyristor: Principle, thyristor family, firing circuits, applications, delenium rectifiers, uncontrolled and controlled rectification, power MOSFETS

Electrical engineering: Unit 12

• Digital signals, gates, Boolean algebra, logic families, multiplexures/ demultiplexure, encoders/ decoders, flip-flops, registers, counters and applications of logic gates, OPAMPS in timing circuits, A/ D and D/ A conversion

Electrical engineering: Unit 13

• Concept of low level and high level languages, block-diagram, concept of flow chart, and algorithm, assemblers, macros, subroutines, coroutines, loaders, linkers, editors and compilers, programming and file handling in C and C++

Mechanical engineering: Unit 01

• Vector concepts, rest, and motion, introduction to force systems (parallel, concurrent, and coplanar); free body diagram; equilibrium principle; static analysis of systems; friction and impending motion; rolling and sliding of cylinders
• Newton's law of motion and derived concepts
• Centroid; area and mass moment of inertia
• Work-energy principle; impulse; collision of two bodies; plane motion of particles and applications; static analysis of simple structures; method of joints and method of sections
• Virtual work; combined motion of rotation and translation; transmission of power by belt and gear drives
• Stress and strain; shear stresses, principal stress, and strain, Mohr's circle for stress and strain analysis, beams and columns; shear force and bending moment diagram
• Theories of failures; columns, struts; stress and strain analysis of shafts under torsion, analysis of springs

Mechanical engineering: Unit 02

• Mechanical, thermal, chemical properties, structure of materials, alloys
• Iron and its alloys, iron carbon phase diagrams, steel and their important alloys of iron, heat treatment processes, elastic and plastic behaviors; plastic deformation
• Effect of various alloying elements on mechanical properties of iron: Bearing alloys; powder metallurgy; Fick's law
• Commonly used engineering materials for tools, engineering components and household objects

Mechanical engineering: Unit 03

• Concept of FOS, material selection, engineering materials, design of rivets, screws, bolts with detail analysis
• Cotter and knuckle joints, shafts, keys and couplings, springs-helical and leaf types

Mechanical engineering: Unit 04

• Properties of liquid, hydraulic pressure, and its measurement, forces on immersed bodies; center of pressure; buoyancy stability of immersed and floating bodies; flow of liquids: 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D flows; steady, unsteady, laminar, and turbulent flows
• Continuity equation, momentum equation, and energy equation and their applications, Euler equation and Bernoulli's equation; orifice, mouth piece and nozzles, flow through pipes and piping systems, losses in piping systems; fundamentals of channel flow
• Hydraulic jump; flow measurements: Dimensional analysis and associated theorems
• Non dimensional numbers and their significances; stream function and velocity potential function; streamline, streakline, and pathline; rotational and irrotational flow, circulation and vorticity; free and forced vortex; basic flows like rectilinear
• Source-sink, doublet
• Different types of pump, reciprocating, and rotary pumps, operation and maintenances of pumps, cavitation, and NPSH; characteristic curves of pumps, losses, and efficiencies of pumps
• Compressors, blowers, and fans
• Different types of turbines, Francis, Kaplan, and Pelton turbines, operation and maintenance of turbines; characteristic curves, work done, and efficiency of turbine, specific speed and selection of pumps, and turbines
• Hydraulic machinery like hydraulic ram, hydraulic coupling, and torque converter, hydraulic jack, screw pump, gear pump, vane pump etc

Mechanical engineering: Unit 05

• Basic thermodynamic concepts; system and surrounding; thermodynamic properties; intensive and extensive properties; point and path functions; zeroth law, first and second laws of thermodynamics and associated corollaries; concepts of absolute temperature
• Internal energy, enthalpy, and entropy; clausius inequality, concept of availability, Maxwell's relations
• Application of thermodynamic laws, reversibility and irreversibility , internal and external irreversibility; pure substances and mixtures
• Thermodynamic cycles: Carnot cycle, Rankine cycle, Joule-Brayton cycle; air standard cycles; Otto cycle and Diesel cycles
• Ideal gas compression and compressors, jet propulsion, gas compressors, stream generators, fuel and combustion, IC engine, calculation of efficiencies, testing of IC
• Engines; open and closed gas turbine cycles, introduction to heat and mass transfer; heat exchanger; LMTD and NTU methods
• Principles of refrigeration, air refrigeration system, vapor compression refrigeration system, refrigeration cycles, use of T-S and P-H charts for refrigeration, refrigerants, and their properties, vapor absorption system
• Psychometric properties and charts
• Types of power plants; components of steam power plant; hydroelectric power plant, nuclear power plants, Diesel power plant
• Elementary solar and geothermal power systems

Mechanical engineering: Unit 06

• Kinematics and kinetics; mechanisms and structure; inversions; kinematic chains; different types of mechanisms; degree of freedom and its determination; Grashof's criteria; velocity analysis; acceleration analysis; gear trains
• Balancing of rotating masses; brakes and dynamometer

Mechanical engineering: Unit 07

• Fundamentals of metal cutting, tool geometry, calculations of cutting forces and tool life; general purpose machine tool and their operations, various welding techniques like arc, gas, resistance etc
• Metal forming methods like rolling, drawing, extrusion, press working; powder metallurgy; heat treatment of metals; introduction to NC and CNC machines; basics of measuring instruments; study of transducers
• Static and dynamic characteristic of instruments; introduction to metrology: Limits, fits, and tolerance, mechanical and optical comparators; measuring instruments of angles; measurements of surface roughness and thread profiles
• Calibration of various measuring instruments
• Production planning; inventory control; material and wage calculation; elements of cost; network analysis; work study and estimating machining time; break even analysis; TQM and ISO 9000; shop floor management; machines and industrial safety