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GATE Exam 2025 - Form Correction (Started), Syllabus, Eligibility Criteria, Pattern, Preparation Tips

Upcoming Event
GATE Admit Card Date : 02 Jan' 2025 - 02 Jan' 2025
Updated on 02nd November, 2024 by K Guna Sahiti

About GATE 2025

GATE 2025: IIT Roorkee will conclude the GATE 2025 form correction process on November 6. The registered candidates can edit the GATE application form 2025 on the website, gate2025.iitr.ac.in. The GATE 2025 form correction window was activated on October 31. Applicants could register for the GATE 2025 exam from August 28 to October 3 without a late fee, however, candidates could register online with a late fee by October 11. IIT Roorkee has activated the GATE 2025 mock test link on the official website. Applicants can practice the GATE mock test to analyse their preparation. Moreover, candidates can follow the GATE syllabus and paper pattern to prepare for the entrance test. The exam date for GATE 2025 is updated online. IIT Roorkee will conduct the Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering on February 1, 2, 15 and 16, 2025.
Also Read: GATE form correction 2025 | last 15 years GATE question papers | GATE 2025 eligibility criteria

GATE 2025 Latest News and Updates

  • GATE application form correction started.
  • GATE 2025 mock test link activated.
  • The authority has closed the GATE registration 2025 link. 
  • The registration for GATE 2025 with a late fee was extended. 
  • GATE 2025 registration without late fee concluded on October 3, 2024.
  • GATE 2025 exam registration process has been extended to October 3, 2024.
  • GATE registration process was started on August 28, 2024.
  • GATE 2025 exam cities updated list available online.
  • GATE exam 2025 registration date revised.
  • IIT Roorkee has published the GATE 2025 information brochure.
  • GATE 2025 result date announced.
  • GATE exam 2025 application form dates announced.
  • GATE syllabus 2025 has been released.
  • GATE 2025 exam date announced.
  • IIT Roorkee has released the GATE eligibility, syllabus and exam pattern online.
  • IIT Roorkee has activated the GATE exam 2025 official website at gate2025.iitr.ac.in. Aspirants are advised to check this page regularly for the GATE latest news and updates 2025.
  • GATE 2025 notification has been released on the official website.

What is GATE Exam?

GATE is conducted jointly by the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) and seven Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) every year on a rotational basis. The full form of GATE is the Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering. GATE is an online exam that tests the comprehensive understanding of undergraduate engineering and science courses. It is a gateway for admission to postgraduate programs like M.E./M.Tech/Ph.D. at IITs, IISc, and various other universities and colleges across India. It is essential to have a clear understanding of the GATE exam pattern 2024, syllabus, and marking scheme to perform well in the exam. By scoring well in the exam, candidates can enhance their chances of admission to postgraduate programs at premier institutes secure jobs at various PSUs and admission to M.Tech courses. The GATE entrance exam is also used by various public sector undertakings (PSUs) to recruit engineering professionals

Related links:

GATE 2025 Organizing Institute

Every year the organising institute for the GATE entrance exam is chosen among the IITs and IISc Bangalore. Below is a list of the organizing institutes of GATE for various years.

GATE Organizing Institutes: Over the years

Year

Organizing Institutes

2025IIT Roorkee

2024

IISc Bangalore

2023

IIT Khanpur

2022

IIT, Kharagpur

2021

IIT, Bombay

2020

IIT, Delhi

2019

IIT, Madras

2018

IIT, Guwahati

2017

IIT, Roorkee

2016

IISc, Bangalore

2015

IIT, Kanpur

2014

IIT, Kharagpur

2013

IIT, Bombay

2012

IIT, Delhi

2011

IIT, Madras

2010

IIT, Guwahati

Previous Year’s GATE exam statistics

The GATE exam is highly competitive, and here are the previous year's GATE exam statistics, including the number of candidates who registered, and appeared, and the overall qualifying percentage.

GATE 2024 Statistics: How many students appeared for GATE 2024?

Particular

Details

Total number of students who applied for GATE 2024

8.26 Lakh

Total number of students who appeared for GATE 2024

6.5 Lakh

Top Entrance Exams to Study Abroad:

Read more

GATE 2025 Highlights

Full Exam Name
Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering
Short Exam Name
GATE
Conducting Body
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
Frequency Of Conduct
Once a year
Exam Level
National Level Exam
Languages
English
Mode Of Application
online
Application Fee
Online : 1400
Mode Of Exam
online
Mode Of Counselling
online
Participating Colleges
978
Exam Duration
3 Hours

GATE Important Dates

GATE Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (session 2024)

01 Jun' 2024 - 31 Dec' 2024 . OnlineOn Going
Score Card Date
Score cards available for download by paying a fee of Rs. 500 per test paper

GATE Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (session 2025)

31 Oct' 2024 - 06 Nov' 2024 . OnlineOn Going
Application Correction Date
02 Jan' 2025 - 02 Jan' 2025 . Online
Admit Card Date
01 Feb' 2025 - 02 Feb' 2025 . Online
Exam Date

Read More

28 Aug' 2024 - 03 Oct' 2024 . Online
Application Date
without late fee
04 Oct' 2024 - 11 Oct' 2024 . Online
Application Date
With a late fee
26 Oct' 2024 - 26 Oct' 2024 . Online
Others
Mock test release date

Candidates who are currently studying in the 3rd or higher years of any undergraduate degree program or who have completed any government-approved degree program in Engineering/ Technology/ Architecture/ Science/ Commerce/ Arts/ Humanities are eligible to appear for GATE 2025.

It's important to note that candidates with qualifications obtained outside of India will also need to meet specific eligibility criteria to be able to appear for the GATE 2025 exam. Such candidates must be currently in the 3rd or higher years or must have completed their Bachelor’s degree (of at least three years duration) in Engineering/ Technology/ Architecture/ Science/ Commerce/ Arts/ Humanities. Candidates are advised to carefully read through the GATE exam eligibility criteria before applying for the GATE 2025 entrance exam.

  • Nationality: Nationality is one of the important parameters that are considered in the GATE eligibility criteria 2025. As per the guidelines, Indian as well as foreign candidates can apply for the GATE exam. Candidates from Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Singapore, Ethiopia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) are also eligible candidates to apply for the exam.

  • Age limit: Candidates have no age limit criteria to submit this exam.

  • Academic Qualifications: Academic qualifications are an essential aspect of the GATE 2025 eligibility criteria. The academic requirements vary based on the program applied for. Aspirants should have a bachelor’s degree in Engineering/ Technology/ Architecture or a master’s degree in any branch of Science/Mathematics/Statistics/Computer Applications or equivalent. Candidates pursuing the qualifying degree and those who have already completed the degree can apply for the GATE 2025. Additionally, non-science graduates from arts and commerce fields are also eligible to apply for GATE 2025 with the addition of humanities and social science streams.

GATE Eligibility 2025- Education Qualification

Degree / Program

Qualifying Degree / Examination

Description of Eligible Candidates

B.E. / B.Tech. / B. Pharm.

Bachelor’s degree in Engineering / Technology (4 years after 10+2 or 3 years after B.Sc. / Diploma in Engineering / Technology)

Currently in the 3rd year or higher or already completed

B. Arch.

Bachelor’s degree of Architecture (5-year course) / Naval Architecture (4-year course) / Planning (4-year course)

Currently in the 3rd year or higher or already completed

B.Sc. (Research) / B.S.

Bachelor’s degree in Science (Post-Diploma / 4 years after 10+2)

Currently in the 3rd year or higher or already completed

Pharm. D.(after 10+2)

6 years degree program, consisting of internship or residency training, during third year onwards

Currently in the 3rd/ 4th/ 5th/ 6th year or already completed

M.B.B.S. / B.D.S. / B.V.Sc.

Degree holders of M.B.B.S. / B.D.S. / B.V.Sc and those who are in the 5th/ 6th/ 7th semester or higher semester of such programme.

5th/ 6th/ 7th or higher semester or already completed

M. Sc. / M.A. / MCA or equivalent

Master’s degree in any branch of Arts / Science / Mathematics / Statistics / Computer Applications or equivalent

Currently in the first year or higher or already Completed

Int. M.E. / M.Tech.(Post-B.Sc.)

Post-B.Sc Integrated Master’s degree programs in Engineering / Technology (4-year program)

Currently in the 1st/ 2nd/ 3rd/ 4th year or already completed

Int. M.E. / M.Tech. / M.Pharm or Dual Degree (after Diploma or 10+2)

Integrated Master’s degree program or Dual Degree program in Engineering / Technology (5-year program)

Currently in the 3rd/ 4th/ 5th year or already completed

B.Sc. / B.A. / B.Com.

Bachelor degree in any branch of Science / Arts / Commerce (3 year program)

Currently in the 3rd year or already completed

Int. M.Sc. / Int. B.S. / M.S.

Integrated M.Sc. or 5-year integrated B.S.- M.S. program

Currently in the 3rd year or higher or already completed

Professional Society Examinations* (equivalent to B.E. / B.Tech. / B.Arch.)

B.E. / B.Tech. / B.Arch. equivalent examinations of Professional Societies, recognized by MoE / UPSC / AICTE (e.g. AMIE by Institution of Engineers-India, AMICE by the Institute of Civil Engineers-India and so on)

Completed Section A or equivalent of such professional courses

B.Sc. (Agriculture, Horticulture, Forestry)

4-years program

Currently in the 3rd/ 4th year or already completed

IIT Roorkee concluded the GATE 2025 registration process. The registration portal was active from August 28 to October 11. Candidates could fill out the GATE application form 2025 without a late fee from August 28 to October 3. The last date to fill out the application form with a late fee was October 11. The eligible candidates could fill out the GATE application form on the website, gate2025.iitr.ac.in. The application process involved registration, filling out the application form, uploading documents, and payment of the application fee. Below are the steps to fill the application form of GATE 2025.

How to fill GATE Application Form 2025?

IIT Roorkee held the GATE 2025 registration process online. The following is a general overview of the application process.

  • Online GATE 2025 Registration: Candidates must register for GATE by providing their email address and a valid mobile number. After registration, candidates will receive an enrollment ID and password to log in to the GATE online application system.
  • Filling out the GATE 2025 application form: Candidates must fill out the GATE 2025 application form online, providing personal details, educational qualifications, and other required information.
  • Uploading documents: Candidates must upload scanned copies of their photograph, signature, and other relevant documents.
  • Payment of GATE registration fee: Candidates can pay the GATE 2025 registration fee online through debit card, credit card, or net banking.
  • Submission of the application form: After completing the application form, candidates must submit it online.
  • Admit card: Candidates who have successfully submitted their application form can download their GATE 2025 admit card from the official website once it is released.

GATE 2025 Registration Fee

The authority has announced the GATE 2025 registration fee along with the official notification. Candidates can check the category-wise application fee below.

Registration Fees for GATE 2025

Category

Regular Period
(August 28 to October 3)

During the Extended Period (October 3 to October 11)

Male (General, OBC and Others)

Rs. 1,800

Rs. 2,300

SC/ ST/ PwD

Rs. 900

Rs. 1,400

Female candidates

Rs. 900

Rs. 1,400

GATE Exam 2025- Combination of Two Subject Papers

Code of the First Paper

Codes of the Second Paper

Code of the First Paper

Codes of the Second Paper

AE

CE, ME, XE

GE

AR, CE, CS, ES, GG

AG

CE

GG

GE

AR

CE, GE

IN

BM, EC, EE, ME

BM

BT, IN

MA

CS, DA, PH, ST

BT

BM, XL

ME

AE, DA, IN, NM, PI, XE

CE

AE, AG, AR, ES, GE, NM, XE

MT

XE

CH

ES, PE, XE

NM

CE, ME

CS

DA, EC, GE, MA, PH, ST

PE

CH

CY

XE, XL

PH

CS, DA, EC, EE, MA, XE

DA

CS, EC, EE, MA, ME, PH, ST, XE

PI

ME, XE

EC

CS, DA, EE, IN, PH

ST

CS, DA, MA, XH

EE

DA, EC, IN, PH

XE

AE, CE, CH, CY, DA, ME, MT, PH, PI

ES

CE, CH, GE

XH

ST

EY

XL

XL

BT, CY, EY

GATE 2025 Application Form Correction Facility

The authority is conducting the GATE application form correction process in online mode. Candidates who wish to edit their GATE application form can do so on the official website gate2025.iitr.ac.in. The application form correction facility of GATE 2025 is a chargeable process. Candidates should correct the GATE 2025 exam form if needed. In case of any incorrect details, the GATE 2025 application form will be rejected. The GATE application form correction 2025 dates are October 31 to November 6.

How to edit the GATE Application Form 2025?

The following steps are typically involved in editing the GATE application form during the correction window:

  • Visit the GATE official website 2025- gate2025.iitr.ac.in

  • Log in using your GATE 2025 Enrollment ID and password.

  • Navigate to the "Application Form" section and click on the "Edit Application Form" button.

  • Make the necessary changes to the form, such as personal details, exam paper, and exam city. Note that some changes may require additional fees to be paid.

  • Review the modified form carefully and ensure that all the changes are correct.

  • Submit the corrected form and take a printout of the revised form for future reference.

Charges for Changes/Modifications in GATE 2025 Application

Description of Change/ModificationFee Charges
Change in Name₹ 500
Change in Date of Birth₹ 500
Change in choice of examination cities₹ 500
Change of existing paper₹ 500

Add a second paper (from given combinations with respect to the primary paper)

₹ 500
Change of gender to female₹ 500

Changes of gender from female to any other gender

₹ 500 + ₹ 900 = ₹ 1400
Change of category to SC/ST₹ 500
Change of category from sc/ST to any other₹ 500
₹ 500 + ₹ 900 = ₹ 1400
Change from Non-PwD/Dyslexics to PwD/Dyslexics
Change from Non-PwD/Dyslexics to Non-PwD/Dyslexic₹ 500
₹ 500 + ₹ 900 = ₹ 1400
Any other change in Category (not mentioned above)₹ 500
Details of Parents/Guardian/Correspondence AddressNIL
College Name and Location, Roll No. Registration No.NIL

GATE 2025 Syllabus

Candidates preparing for GATE 2025 can now access the official syllabus. The detailed syllabus PDF is available for download as PDF here.

Download Now

Documents Required at Exam GATE 2025

Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering 2025

  • Printout of GATE 2024 admit card
  • Original and valid ID proof: passport, PAN Card, voter ID, Aadhaar-UID, college ID, employee ID or driving license

GATE 2025 Exam Centers

StateCity
Andhra Pradesh
Anantapur
Kurnool
Bhimavaram
Eluru
Kakinada
Rajahmundry
Tadepalligudem
Tirupati
Srikakulam
Vijayawada
Visakhapatnam
Surampalem
Vizianagaram
Chirala
Chittoor
Guntur
Kadapa
Nellore
Ongole
Nandyala
Kerala
Angamaly
Kannur
Kasaragod
Kozhikode
Malappuram
Palakkad
Thrissur
Thiruvananthapuram
Payyanur
Vadakara
Pathanamthitta
Vatakara
Wayanad
Alappuzha
Aluva
Ernakulam
Attingal
Chengannur
Kanjirapally
Kollam
Kothamangalam
Kottayam
Muvattupuzha
Karnataka
Bagalkot
Ballari
Belagavi
Bangalore
Bidar
Davanagere
Hassan
Hubballi
Kalaburagi
Kolar
Mangaluru
Manipal
Mysuru
Shimoga
Tumakuru
Chikkaballapur
Chikkamagaluru
Dharwad
Mandya
Udupi
Puttur
Telangana
Hyderabad
Warangal
Medak
Nalgonda
Adilabad
Karimnagar
Khammam
Kodad
Kothagudem
Nizamabad
Suryapet
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Port Blair
Gujarat
Ahmedabad
Anand
Bhavnagar
Bhuj
Gandhinagar
Mehsana
Rajkot
Surat
Vadodara
Jamnagar
Vapi
Maharashtra
Ahmednagar
Amravati
Aurangabad
Baramati
Jalgaon
Kankavali
Kolhapur
Mumbai
Nagpur
Nanded
Nashik
Navi Mumbai
Pune
Ratnagiri
Sangli
Satara
Solapur
Thane
Dhule
Akola
Chandrapur
Latur
Panvel
Raigad
Sangamner
Loni
SHIRDI
Vasai
Palghar
Wardha
Yavatmal
Goa
Goa
Rajasthan
Ajmer
Alwar
Bikaner
Jaipur
Jodhpur
Kota
Sikar
Udaipur
Chittorgarh
Bhilwara
Dausa
Hanumangarh
Haryana
Bahadurgarh
Faridabad
Gurugram
Hisar
Karnal
Palwal
Ambala
Kurukshetra
Uttar Pradesh
Greater Noida
Mathura
Agra
Aligarh
Prayagraj
Bareilly
Gorakhpur
Lucknow
Varanasi
Ghaziabad
Meerut
Moradabad
Muzaffarnagar
Noida
Kanpur
Muzzafarpur
Jhansi
Saharanpur
Madhya Pradesh
Indore
Ujjain
Bhopal
Gwalior
Jabalpur
Satna
Sagar
Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu
Samba
Srinagar
Delhi
New Delhi
Tripura
Agartala
West Bengal
Asansol
Burdwan
Kalyani
Siliguri
Hooghly
Kharagpur
Kolkata
Durgapur
Bankura
Murshidabad
Howrah
Midnapore
Kolaghat
Suri
Jharkhand
Dhanbad
Jamshedpur
Ranchi
Bokaro Steel City
Hazaribagh
Assam
Dibrugarh
Guwahati
Jorhat
Silchar
Tezpur
Sikkim
Gangtok
Manipur
Imphal
Bihar
Muzaffarpur
Patna
Arrah
Purnea
Bhagalpur
Meghalaya
Shillong
Odisha
Balasore
Berhampur
Bhubaneshwar
Cuttack
Rourkela
Sambalpur
Dhenkanal
Brahmapur
Kakatpur
Chhattisgarh
Bhilai
Bilaspur
Raipur
Tamil Nadu
Tiruchirappalli
Tirunelveli
Vellore
Viluppuram
Virudhunagar
Chennai
Coimbatore
Cuddalore
Dindigul
Kanyakumari
Nagercoil
Madurai
Namakkal
Ramanathapuram
Salem
Thanjavur
Theni
Thoothukudi
Tiruchirapalli
Erode
Krishnagiri
Pollachi
Punjab
Amritsar
Bathinda
Jalandhar
Khanna
Ludhiana
Mohali
Pathankot
Patiala
Sangrur
Himachal Pradesh
Baddi
Hamirpur
Shimla
Una
Kangra
Mandi
Solan
Palampur
Uttarakhand
Bhimtal
Dehradun
Haldwani
Roorkee
Arunachal Pradesh
Itanagar
Ladakh
Leh
Mizoram
Aizawl
Nagaland
Dimapur
Kohima
Puducherry
Puducherry
Chandigarh
Chandigarh
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GMAT™ Exam

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IIT Roorkee has released the GATE 2025 exam pattern on the official website gate2025.iitr.ac.in. The GATE 2025 exam will be held in computer-based mode and will comprise 2 sections. The exam duration is 3 hours. As per the GATE paper pattern, there will 3 types of questions: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs), Multiple Select Questions (MSQ) and Numerical Answer Type (NAT) questions. The exam tests candidates on their understanding of engineering and science concepts, as well as their ability to apply these concepts to solve complex problems. The GATE 2025 exam pattern is subject to change, so candidates need to stay updated on the latest information and instructions from the organizing institute.

Related links:

GATE 2025 Exam Pattern

Particulars

Details

Examination Mode

Computer Based Test

LanguageEnglish

Duration

3 hours (180 minutes)

Number of GATE Papers

30 Papers

Sections

  • General Aptitude (GA) 
  • Subject selected by the candidate

Type of Questions

  • Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) 
  • Multiple Select Questions (MSQ) and/or         
  • Numerical Answer Type (NAT) Questions

Total Number of Questions

65 Questions (including 10 questions from General Aptitude)

Design of Questions

Questions test the following abilities:

  •  Recall 

  • Comprehension 

  • Application 

  • Analysis 

  • Synthesis

Distribution of Marks in all Papers EXCEPT papers AR, CY, DA, PH, EY, GG, MA, ST, XH and XL

  • Engineering Mathematics – 13 Marks    
  • Subject of the paper – 72 Marks
  • General Aptitude – 15 Marks
    (**XE includes Engineering Mathematics section XE-A of 15 marks)

Distribution of Marks in AR, EY, GG, CY, DA, MA, PH, ST, XH and XL

  • Subject  of the paper – 85 Marks
  • General Aptitude – 15 Marks

Total Marks

100 Marks

Marking Scheme

  • Questions will carry 1 or 2 marks 
  • 1/ 3 mark will be deducted for 1 mark MCQ questions 
  • 2/ 3 mark will be deducted for 2 marks MCQ questions 
  • Zero marks will be awarded for unattempted questions 
  • Negative marking: There will be no negative marking for MSQ & NAT questions

GATE 2025 Marking Scheme

Paper CodeGeneral Aptitude (GA) MarksCompulsory Section (Section A)Subject Marks
AE, AG, BM, BT, CE, CH, CS, EC, EE, ES, IN, MA, ME, MN, MT, NM, PE, PI, TF; Subject marks in these papers include questions on Engineering Mathematics (13 marks), which are paper-specific.15--85
CY, DA, EY, MA, PH, ST15--85
AR [Part B1 or Part B2 can be selected during Exam. B1: Architecture or B2: Planning]156025
GE [Part B1 or B2 can be selected during the Exam.
B1 - Surveying and Mapping or B2 -Image Processing and Analysis.]
155530
GG [Part B can either be Geology (B1) or Geophysics (B2) -- which must be chosen at the time of Application.]152560
XE [Section A (Engineering Mathematics) is Common and Compulsory for all; Select any TWO additional Sections during the Exam]15152 x 35
XH [Section B1 (Reasoning and Comprehension) is Common and Compulsory for all; Select any ONE additional Section at the time of Application]152560
XL [Section P (Chemistry) is Common & Compulsory for all; Select any TWO additional Sections during the Exam]15252 x 30

GATE Paper Codes

Papers

Codes

Papers 

Codes 

Architecture and Planning        

AR        

Mathematics        

MA        

Biotechnology        

BT        

Physics        

PE        

Aerospace Engineering        

AE        

Metallurgical Engineering        

MT        

Agricultural Engineering        

AG        

Engineering Sciences        

XE        

Chemical  Engineering        

CH        

Life Sciences        

XL        

Civil Engineering        

CE        

Instrumentation Engineering        

IN        

Computer Science and Information Technology        

CS        

Mining Engineering        

MN        

Electronics and Communication Engineering        

EC        

Mechanical Engineering        

ME        

Electrical Engineering        

EE        

Textile Engineering and Fibre Science        

TF        

Chemistry        

CY        

Production and Industrial Engineering        

PI        

Ecology and Evolution        

EY        

Petroleum Engineering        

PE        

Geology and Geophysics        

GG        

Statistics        

ST       

Biomedical Engineering

BM

Environmental Science and Engineering

ES

Humanities and Social Science

XH

Naval Architecture & Marine Engineering

NM

Geomatics Engineering

GE

Data Science & Artificial Intelligence

DA


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GATE 2025 Syllabus

GATE 2025 Aerospace Engineering 2025

General aptitude: Unit 01


Verbal aptitude
  • Basic English grammar: Tenses, articles, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, verb-noun agreement, and other parts of speech
  • Basic vocabulary: Words, idioms, and phrases in context
  • Reading and comprehension
  • Narrative sequencing

General aptitude: Unit 02


Quantitative aptitude
  • Data interpretation: Data graphs (bar graphs, pie charts, and other graphs representing data), 2- and 3-dimensional plots, maps, and tables
  • Numerical computation and estimation: Ratios, percentages, powers, exponents and logarithms, permutations and combinations, and series
  • Mensuration and geometry
  • Elementary statistics and probability

General aptitude: Unit 03


Analytical aptitude
  • Logic: Deduction and induction
  • Analogy
  • Numerical relations and reasoning

General aptitude: Unit 04


Spatial aptitude
  • Transformation of shapes: Translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring, assembling, and grouping, paper folding, cutting, and patterns in 2 and 3 dimensions

Engineering mathematics: Unit 01


Linear algebra
  • Vector algebra, matrix algebra, systems of linear equations, rank of a matrix, eigen values and eigen vectors

Engineering mathematics: Unit 02


Calculus
  • Functions of single variable, limits, continuity and differentiability, mean value theorem, chain rule, partial derivatives, maxima and minima, gradient, divergence and curl, directional derivatives
  • Integration, line, surface, and volume integrals
  • Theorems of Stokes, Gauss, and Green

Engineering mathematics: Unit 03


Differential equations
  • First order linear and nonlinear differential equations, higher order linear ODEs with constant coefficients
  • Partial differential equations and separation of variables methods

Engineering mathematics: Unit 04


Fourier series

    Engineering mathematics: Unit 05


    Laplace transforms

      Engineering mathematics: Unit 07


      Numerical integration and differentiation

        Engineering mathematics: Unit 08


        Complex analysis

          Engineering mathematics: Unit 09


          Probability and Statistics

            Flight mechanics: Unit 01


            Basics
            • Atmosphere: Properties, standard atmosphere. Classification of aircraft. Airplane (fixed wing aircraft) configuration and various parts
            • Pressure altitude; equivalent, calibrated, indicated air speeds; primary flight instruments: Altimeter, ASI, VSI, turn-bank indicator
            • Angle of attack, sideslip; roll, pitch and yaw controls
            • Aerodynamic forces and moments

            Flight mechanics: Unit 02


            Airplane performance
            • Drag polar; takeoff and landing; steady climb and descent; absolute and service ceiling; range and endurance, load factor, turning flight, V-N diagram
            • Winds: Head, tail, and cross winds

            Flight mechanics: Unit 03


            Static stability
            • Stability and control derivatives; longitudinal stick fixed and free stability; horizontal tail position and size; directional stability, vertical tail position, and size; lateral stability
            • Wing dihedral, sweep, and position; hinge moments, stick forces

            Flight mechanics: Unit 04


            Dynamic stability
            • Euler angles; equations of motion; decoupling of longitudinal and lateral-directional dynamics; longitudinal modes; lateral-directional modes

            Space dynamics: Unit 01


            Central force motion

              Space dynamics: Unit 03


              Kepler's laws

                Space dynamics: Unit 04


                Escape velocity

                  Aerodynamics: Unit 01


                  Basic fluid mechanics
                  • Conservation laws: Mass, momentum, and energy (integral and differential form); dimensional analysis and dynamic similarity; potential flow theory: Sources, sinks, doublets, line vortex, and their superposition
                  • Elementary ideas of viscous flows including boundary layers

                  Aerodynamics: Unit 02


                  Airfoils and wings
                  • Airfoil nomenclature; aerodynamic coefficients: lift, drag, and moment; Kutta-Joukowski theorem; thin airfoil theory, Kutta condition, starting vortex; finite wing theory: Induced drag, Prandtl lifting line theory; critical and drag divergence mach number

                  Aerodynamics: Unit 03


                  Compressible flows
                  • Basic concepts of compressibility, one-dimensional compressible flows, isentropic flows, fanno flow, Rayleigh flow; normal and oblique shocks, Prandtl-Meyer flow; flow through nozzles and diffusers

                  Aerodynamics: Unit 04


                  Wind tunnel testing
                  • Measurement and visualization techniques
                  • Shock-boundary layer interaction

                  Structures: Unit 01


                  Strength of materials
                  • Stress and strain: Three-dimensional transformations, Mohr's circle, principal stresses, three-dimensional Hooke's law, plane stress and strain
                  • Failure theories: Maximum stress, Tresca and Von Mises
                  • Strain energy
                  • Castigliano's principles
                  • Statically determinate and indeterminate trusses, and beams
                  • Elastic flexural buckling of columns

                  Structures: Unit 02


                  Flight vehicle structures
                  • Characteristics of aircraft structures and materials
                  • Torsion, bending, and shear of thin-walled sections
                  • Loads on aircraft

                  Structures: Unit 03


                  Structural dynamics
                  • Free and forced vibrations of undamped and damped SDOF systems
                  • Free vibrations of undamped 2-DOF systems

                  Structures: Unit 04


                  Vibration of beams

                    Structures: Unit 05


                    Theory of elasticity
                    • Equilibrium and compatibility equations, Airy's stress function

                    Propulsion: Unit 01


                    Basics
                    • Thermodynamics, boundary layers, heat transfer, combustion and thermochemistry

                    Propulsion: Unit 02


                    Aerothermodynamics of aircraft engines
                    • Thrust, efficiency, range
                    • Brayton cycle
                    • Engine performance: Ramjet, turbojet, turbofan, turboprop, and turboshaft engines
                    • Afterburners

                    Propulsion: Unit 03


                    Turbo machinery
                    • Axial compressors: Angular momentum, work, and compression, characteristic performance of a single axial compressor stage, efficiency of the compressor and degree of reaction, multi-staging
                    • Centrifugal compressor: Stage dynamics, inducer, impeller, and diffuser
                    • Axial turbines: Stage performance

                    Propulsion: Unit 04


                    Rockets
                    • Thrust equation and specific impulse, rocket performance
                    • Multi-staging
                    • Chemical rockets
                    • Performance of solid and liquid propellant rockets

                    Propulsion: Unit 06


                    Turbine blade cooling

                      Propulsion: Unit 07


                      Compressor-turbine matching

                        Propulsion: Unit 08


                        Surge and stall
                          GATE 2025 Agricultural Engineering 2025

                          General aptitude: Unit 01


                          Verbal aptitude
                          • Basic English grammar: Tenses, articles, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, verb-noun agreement, and other parts of speech
                          • Basic vocabulary: Words, idioms, and phrases in context
                          • Reading and comprehension
                          • Narrative sequencing

                          General aptitude: Unit 02


                          Quantitative aptitude
                          • Data interpretation: Data graphs (bar graphs, pie charts, and other graphs representing data), 2- and 3-dimensional plots, maps, and tables
                          • Numerical computation and estimation: Ratios, percentages, powers, exponents and logarithms, permutations and combinations, and series
                          • Mensuration and geometry
                          • Elementary statistics and probability

                          General aptitude: Unit 03


                          Analytical aptitude
                          • Logic: Deduction and induction
                          • Analogy
                          • Numerical relations and reasoning

                          General aptitude: Unit 04


                          Spatial aptitude
                          • Transformation of shapes: Translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring, assembling, and grouping, paper folding, cutting, and patterns in 2 and 3 dimensions

                          Engineering mathematics: Unit 01


                          Linear algebra
                          • Matrices and determinants, linear and orthogonal transformations, Cayley-Hamilton theorem; eigen values and eigen vectors, solutions of linear equations

                          Engineering mathematics: Unit 02


                          Calculus
                          • Limit, continuity, and differentiability; partial derivatives; homogeneous function-Euler's theorem on homogeneous functions, total differentiation; maxima and minima of function with several independent variables; sequences and series-infinite series
                          • Tests for convergence; Fourier, Taylor, and Maclaurin series

                          Engineering mathematics: Unit 03


                          Vector calculus
                          • Vector differentiation, scalar and vector point functions, vector differential operators-del, gradient; divergence and curl; physical interpretations-line, surface and volume integrals; Stokes, Gauss, and Green's theorems

                          Engineering mathematics: Unit 04


                          Differential equations
                          • Linear and non-linear first order ordinary differential equations (ODE); homogeneous differential equations, higher order linear ODEs with constant coefficients; Laplace transforms and their inverse; partial differential equations
                          • Laplace, heat and wave equations

                          Engineering mathematics: Unit 05


                          Probability and Statistics
                          • Mean, median, mode, and standard deviation; random variables; Poisson, normal and binomial distributions; correlation and regression analysis

                          Engineering mathematics: Unit 06


                          Numerical methods
                          • Solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equations; numerical integration-trapezoidal and Simpson's rule; numerical solutions of ODEs

                          Farm machinery: Unit 01


                          Machine design
                          • Design and selection of machine elements-gears, pulleys, chains and sprockets, and belts; overload safety devices used in farm machinery; measurement of force, stress, torque, speed, displacement and acceleration on machine elements-shafts, couplings
                          • Keys, bearings, and knuckle joints

                          Farm machinery: Unit 02


                          Farm machinery
                          • Soil tillage; forces acting on a tillage tool; hitch systems and hitching of tillage implements; functional requirements, principles of working, construction and operation of manual, animal, and power operated equipment for tillage, sowing, planting
                          • Fertilizer application, inter-cultivation, spraying, mowing, chaff cutting, harvesting and threshing calculation of performance parameters-field capacity, efficiency
                          • Application rate and losses; cost analysis of implements and tractors

                          Farm power: Unit 01


                          Sources of power
                          • Sources of power on the farm-human, animal, mechanical, electrical, wind, solar and biomass; biofuels

                          Farm power: Unit 02


                          Farm power
                          • Thermodynamic principles of IC engines; IC engine cycles; engine components; fuels and combustion; lubricants and their properties; IC engine systems-fuel, cooling, lubrication, ignition, electrical, intake and exhaust; selection, operation
                          • Maintenance and repair of IC engines; power efficiencies and measurement; calculation of power, torque, fuel consumption, heat load and power losses; performance index, cost analysis of implements and tractors

                          Farm power: Unit 03


                          Tractors and power tillers
                          • Type, selection, maintenance and repair of tractors, and power tillers; tractor clutches and brakes; power transmission systems-gear trains, differential, final drives and power take-off; mechanics of tractor chassis; traction theory; three point hitches
                          • Free link and restrained link operations; steering and hydraulic control systems used in tractors; tractor tests and performance; human engineering and safety considerations in design of tractor, and agricultural implements

                          Soil and water conservation engineering: Unit 01


                          Fluid mechanics
                          • Ideal and real fluids, properties of fluids; hydrostatic pressure and its measurement; continuity equation, kinematics, and dynamics of flow; Bernoulli's theorem; laminar and turbulent flow in pipes, Darcy-Weisbach and Hazen-Williams equations
                          • Moody's diagram; flow through orifices, weirs and notches; flow in open channels, dimensional analysis-concepts of geometric dimensionless numbers

                          Soil and water conservation engineering: Unit 02


                          Soil mechanics
                          • Engineering properties of soils; fundamental definitions and relationships; index properties of soils; permeability and seepage analysis; shear strength, Mohr's circle of stress, active and passive earth pressures; stability of slopes
                          • Terzaghi's one dimensional soil consolidation theory

                          Soil and water conservation engineering: Unit 03


                          Hydrology
                          • Hydrological cycle and measurement of its components; meteorological parameters and their measurement; analysis of precipitation data; runoff estimation; hydrograph analysis, unit hydrograph theory and application; stream flow measurement; flood routing
                          • Hydrological reservoir and channel routing, infiltration-indices and equations, drought and its classification

                          Soil and water conservation engineering: Unit 04


                          Surveying and leveling
                          • Measurement of distance and area; instruments for surveying and leveling; chain surveying, methods of traversing; measurement of angles and bearings, plane table surveying; types of leveling; theodolite traversing; contouring; total station
                          • Introduction to GPS survey, computation of areas and volume

                          Soil and water conservation engineering: Unit 05


                          Soil and water erosion
                          • Mechanics of soil erosion-wind and water erosion: Soil erosion types, factors affecting erosion; soil loss estimation; biological and engineering measures to control erosion; terraces and bunds; vegetative waterways; gully control structures, drop
                          • Drop inlet and chute spillways; earthen dams

                          Soil and water conservation engineering: Unit 06


                          Watershed management
                          • Watershed characterization and land use capability classification; water budgeting in watershed, rainwater harvesting, check dams and farm ponds

                          Irrigation and drainage engineering: Unit 01


                          Soil-water-plant relationship
                          • Water requirement of crops; consumptive use and evapotranspiration; measurement of infiltration, soil moisture, and irrigation water infiltration

                          Irrigation and drainage engineering: Unit 02


                          Irrigation water conveyance and application methods
                          • Design of irrigation channels and underground pipelines; irrigation scheduling; surface, sprinkler and micro irrigation methods, design and evaluation of irrigation methods; irrigation efficiencies

                          Irrigation and drainage engineering: Unit 03


                          Agricultural drainage
                          • Drainage coefficient; planning, design and layout of surface and sub-surface drainage systems; leaching requirement and salinity control; irrigation and drainage water quality and reuse; non-conventional drainage system

                          Irrigation and drainage engineering: Unit 04


                          Groundwater hydrology
                          • Groundwater occurrence; Darcy's law, steady and unsteady flow in confined and unconfined aquifers, groundwater exploration techniques; overview of groundwater recharge estimation and artificial recharge techniques

                          Irrigation and drainage engineering: Unit 05


                          Wells and pumps
                          • Types of wells, steady flow through wells; design and construction of water wells; classification of pumps; pump characteristics; pump selection and installation

                          Agricultural process engineering: Unit 01


                          Engineering properties of agriculture produce
                          • Physical, thermal, frictional, rheological, and electrical properties

                          Agricultural process engineering: Unit 02


                          Evaporation and drying
                          • Concentration and drying of liquid foods-evaporators, tray, drum, and spray dryers; hydrothermal treatments; drying and milling of cereals, pulses and oilseeds; drying kinetics; psychrometry-properties of air-water vapor mixture

                          Agricultural process engineering: Unit 03


                          Size reduction and material handling
                          • Mechanics and energy requirement in size reduction of agriculture produce; particle size analysis for comminuted solids; size separation by screening; fluidization of granular solids-pneumatic, bucket, screw and belt conveying; cleaning and grading
                          • Effectiveness of separation; centrifugal separation of solids, liquids and gases; homogenization; filtration and membrane separation

                          Agricultural process engineering: Unit 04


                          Processing of agriculture produce
                          • Processing of seeds, spices, fruits, and vegetables; value addition of agriculture produce

                          Agricultural process engineering: Unit 05


                          Storage systems
                          • Controlled and modified atmosphere storage; perishable food storage, godowns, bins and grain silos, packaging material and machines

                          Dairy and food engineering: Unit 01


                          Heat and mass transfer
                          • Steady state heat transfer in conduction, convection and radiation; transient heat transfer in simple geometry; working principles of heat exchangers; diffusive and convective mass transfer
                          • Simultaneous heat and mass transfer in agricultural processing operations; material and energy balances in food processing systems; water activity, sorption and desorption isotherms

                          Dairy and food engineering: Unit 02


                          Preservation of food
                          • Kinetics of microbial death-pasteurization and sterilization of milk, and other liquid foods; preservation of food by cooling and freezing; refrigeration and cold storage basics, and applications
                          GATE 2025 Architecture and Planning 2025

                          General aptitude: Unit 01


                          Verbal aptitude
                          • Basic English grammar: Tenses, articles, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, verb-noun agreement, and other parts of speech
                          • Basic vocabulary: Words, idioms, and phrases in context
                          • Reading and comprehension
                          • Narrative sequencing

                          General aptitude: Unit 02


                          Quantitative aptitude
                          • Data interpretation: Data graphs (bar graphs, pie charts, and other graphs representing data), 2- and 3-dimensional plots, maps, and tables
                          • Numerical computation and estimation: Ratios, percentages, powers, exponents and logarithms, permutations and combinations, and series
                          • Mensuration and geometry
                          • Elementary statistics and probability

                          General aptitude: Unit 03


                          Analytical aptitude
                          • Logic: Deduction and induction
                          • Analogy
                          • Numerical relations and reasoning

                          General aptitude: Unit 04


                          Spatial aptitude
                          • Transformation of shapes: Translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring, assembling, and grouping, paper folding, cutting, and patterns in 2 and 3 dimensions

                          Architecture, planning, and design: Unit 01


                          Architectural graphics

                            Architecture, planning, and design: Unit 02


                            Visual composition in 2D and 3D

                              Architecture, planning, and design: Unit 03


                              Computer application in architecture and planning

                                Architecture, planning, and design: Unit 04


                                Anthropometrics

                                  Architecture, planning, and design: Unit 05


                                  Organization of space

                                    Architecture, planning, and design: Unit 06


                                    Circulation-horizontal and vertical

                                      Architecture, planning, and design: Unit 07


                                      Space standards

                                        Architecture, planning, and design: Unit 08


                                        Universal design

                                          Architecture, planning, and design: Unit 09


                                          Building byelaws

                                            Architecture, planning, and design: Unit 10


                                            Codes and standards

                                              Construction and management: Unit 01


                                              Project management techniques example PERT, CPM, etc

                                                Construction and management: Unit 02


                                                Estimation and specification

                                                  Construction and management: Unit 03


                                                  Professional practice and ethics

                                                    Construction and management: Unit 04


                                                    Form and structure

                                                      Construction and management: Unit 05


                                                      Principles and design of disaster resistant structures

                                                        Construction and management: Unit 06


                                                        Temporary structures for rehabilitation

                                                          Environmental planning and design: Unit 01


                                                          Natural and man-made ecosystem

                                                            Environmental planning and design: Unit 02


                                                            Ecological principles

                                                              Environmental planning and design: Unit 03


                                                              Environmental considerations in planning and design

                                                                Environmental planning and design: Unit 05


                                                                Sustainable development, goals, and strategies

                                                                  Environmental planning and design: Unit 06


                                                                  Climate change and built environment

                                                                    Environmental planning and design: Unit 07


                                                                    Climate responsive design

                                                                      Urban design, landscape, and conservation: Unit 01


                                                                      Historical and modern examples of urban design

                                                                        Urban design, landscape, and conservation: Unit 03


                                                                        Concepts and theories of urban design

                                                                          Urban design, landscape, and conservation: Unit 04


                                                                          Principles, tools, and techniques of urban design

                                                                            Urban design, landscape, and conservation: Unit 05


                                                                            Public spaces, character, spatial qualities, and sense of place

                                                                              Urban design, landscape, and conservation: Unit 06


                                                                              Urban design interventions for sustainable development and transportation

                                                                                Urban design, landscape, and conservation: Unit 07


                                                                                Development controls-FAR, densities, and building byelaws

                                                                                  Urban design, landscape, and conservation: Unit 08


                                                                                  Urban renewal and conservation

                                                                                    Urban design, landscape, and conservation: Unit 09


                                                                                    Heritage conservation

                                                                                      Urban design, landscape, and conservation: Unit 10


                                                                                      Historical public spaces and gardens

                                                                                        Urban design, landscape, and conservation: Unit 11


                                                                                        Landscape design

                                                                                          Urban design, landscape, and conservation: Unit 12


                                                                                          Site planning

                                                                                            Planning process: Unit 01


                                                                                            Salient concepts

                                                                                              Planning process: Unit 05


                                                                                              Ekistics

                                                                                                Planning process: Unit 06


                                                                                                Urban sociology

                                                                                                  Planning process: Unit 09


                                                                                                  Development guidelines such as URDPFI

                                                                                                    Services and infrastructure: Unit 01


                                                                                                    Firefighting systems

                                                                                                      Services and infrastructure: Unit 02


                                                                                                      Building safety and security systems

                                                                                                        Services and infrastructure: Unit 03


                                                                                                        Building management systems

                                                                                                          Services and infrastructure: Unit 04


                                                                                                          Water treatment

                                                                                                            Services and infrastructure: Unit 05


                                                                                                            Water supply and distribution system

                                                                                                              Services and infrastructure: Unit 06


                                                                                                              Water harvesting systems

                                                                                                                Services and infrastructure: Unit 08


                                                                                                                Sewage disposal methods

                                                                                                                  Services and infrastructure: Unit 10


                                                                                                                  Recycling and reuse of solid waste

                                                                                                                    Services and infrastructure: Unit 13


                                                                                                                    Hierarchy of roads and level of service

                                                                                                                      Services and infrastructure: Unit 14


                                                                                                                      Para-transits and other modes of transportation

                                                                                                                        Services and infrastructure: Unit 15


                                                                                                                        Pedestrian and slow moving traffic planning

                                                                                                                          History and contemporary architecture: Unit 01


                                                                                                                          Principles of art and architecture

                                                                                                                            History and contemporary architecture: Unit 02


                                                                                                                            World history of architecture
                                                                                                                            • Egyptian, Greco-Roman classical period, Byzantine, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque-Rococo, etc

                                                                                                                            History and contemporary architecture: Unit 03


                                                                                                                            Recent trends in contemporary architecture
                                                                                                                            • Art nouveau, art Deco, eclecticism, international styles, post modernism, deconstruction in architecture, etc

                                                                                                                            History and contemporary architecture: Unit 04


                                                                                                                            Influence of modern art and design in architecture

                                                                                                                              History and contemporary architecture: Unit 05


                                                                                                                              Indian vernacular and traditional architecture

                                                                                                                                History and contemporary architecture: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                Oriental architecture

                                                                                                                                  History and contemporary architecture: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                  Works of renowned national and international architects

                                                                                                                                    Building construction and structural systems: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                    Building construction techniques, methods, and details

                                                                                                                                      Building construction and structural systems: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                      Building systems and prefabrication of building elements

                                                                                                                                        Building construction and structural systems: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                        Principles of modular coordination

                                                                                                                                          Building construction and structural systems: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                          Construction planning and equipment

                                                                                                                                            Building construction and structural systems: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                            Building material characteristics and applications

                                                                                                                                              Building construction and structural systems: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                              Principles of strength of materials

                                                                                                                                                Building construction and structural systems: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                Alternative building materials

                                                                                                                                                  Building construction and structural systems: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                  Foundations

                                                                                                                                                    Building construction and structural systems: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                    Design of structural elements with different materials

                                                                                                                                                      Building construction and structural systems: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                      Elastic and limit state design

                                                                                                                                                        Building construction and structural systems: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                        Structural systems

                                                                                                                                                          Building construction and structural systems: Unit 12


                                                                                                                                                          Principles of pre-stressing

                                                                                                                                                            Building construction and structural systems: Unit 13


                                                                                                                                                            High rise and long span structures

                                                                                                                                                              Building construction and structural systems: Unit 14


                                                                                                                                                              Gravity and lateral load resisting systems

                                                                                                                                                                Building services and sustainability: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                Solar architecture

                                                                                                                                                                  Building services and sustainability: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                  Thermal, visual, and acoustic comfort in built environments

                                                                                                                                                                    Building services and sustainability: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                    Natural and mechanical ventilation in buildings

                                                                                                                                                                      Building services and sustainability: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                      Air-conditioning systems

                                                                                                                                                                        Building services and sustainability: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                        Sustainable building strategies

                                                                                                                                                                          Building services and sustainability: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                          Building performance simulation and evaluation

                                                                                                                                                                            Building services and sustainability: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                            Intelligent buildings

                                                                                                                                                                              Building services and sustainability: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                              Water supply

                                                                                                                                                                                Building services and sustainability: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                Sewerage and drainage systems

                                                                                                                                                                                  Building services and sustainability: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                  Sanitary fittings and fixtures

                                                                                                                                                                                    Building services and sustainability: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                    Plumbing systems

                                                                                                                                                                                      Building services and sustainability: Unit 12


                                                                                                                                                                                      Principles of internal and external drainage system

                                                                                                                                                                                        Building services and sustainability: Unit 13


                                                                                                                                                                                        Principles of electrification of buildings

                                                                                                                                                                                          Building services and sustainability: Unit 14


                                                                                                                                                                                          Elevators and escalators-standards and uses

                                                                                                                                                                                            Regional and settlement planning: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                            Regional delineation

                                                                                                                                                                                              Regional and settlement planning: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                              Settlement hierarchy

                                                                                                                                                                                                Regional and settlement planning: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                Types and hierarchy of plans

                                                                                                                                                                                                  Regional and settlement planning: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                  Various schemes and programs of central government

                                                                                                                                                                                                    Regional and settlement planning: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                    Transit oriented development (TOD), SEZ, SRZ etc

                                                                                                                                                                                                      Regional and settlement planning: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                      Public perception and user behaviour

                                                                                                                                                                                                        Regional and settlement planning: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                        National housing policies, programs, and schemes

                                                                                                                                                                                                          Regional and settlement planning: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                          Slums, squatters, and informal housing

                                                                                                                                                                                                            Regional and settlement planning: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                            Standards for housing and community facilities

                                                                                                                                                                                                              Regional and settlement planning: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                              Housing for special areas and needs

                                                                                                                                                                                                                Planning techniques and management: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                Urban economics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Planning techniques and management: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Law of demand and supply of land and its use in planning

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Planning techniques and management: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Graphic presentation of spatial data

                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Planning techniques and management: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Local self-governance

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Planning techniques and management: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Panchayati raj institutions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Planning techniques and management: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Decision support system and land information system

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Planning techniques and management: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Urban geography and econometrics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Planning techniques and management: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Management of infrastructure projects

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Planning techniques and management: Unit 12


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Demography and equity in planning

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Infrastructure planning: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Road capacity and travel demand forecasting

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Infrastructure planning: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Traffic survey methods

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Infrastructure planning: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Traffic flow analysis

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Infrastructure planning: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Traffic analyses and design considerations

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Infrastructure planning: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Mass transportation planning

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Infrastructure planning: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Intelligent transportation systems

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Infrastructure planning: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Urban and rural infrastructure system network
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                GATE 2025 Biotechnology 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                General aptitude: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Verbal aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Basic English grammar: Tenses, articles, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, verb-noun agreement, and other parts of speech
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Basic vocabulary: Words, idioms, and phrases in context
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Reading and comprehension
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Narrative sequencing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                General aptitude: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Quantitative aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Data interpretation: Data graphs (bar graphs, pie charts, and other graphs representing data), 2- and 3-dimensional plots, maps, and tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Numerical computation and estimation: Ratios, percentages, powers, exponents and logarithms, permutations and combinations, and series
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Mensuration and geometry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Elementary statistics and probability

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                General aptitude: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Analytical aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Logic: Deduction and induction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Analogy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Numerical relations and reasoning

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                General aptitude: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Spatial aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Transformation of shapes: Translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring, assembling, and grouping, paper folding, cutting, and patterns in 2 and 3 dimensions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Engineering mathematics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Linear algebra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Matrices and determinants; systems of linear equations; eigen values and eigen vectors

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Engineering mathematics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Calculus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Limits, continuity, and differentiability; partial derivatives, maxima and minima; sequences and series; test for convergence

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Engineering mathematics: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Differential equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Linear and nonlinear first order ODEs, higher order ODEs with constant coefficients; Cauchy's and Euler's equations; Laplace transforms

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Engineering mathematics: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Probability and Statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Mean, median, mode, and standard deviation; random variables; Poisson, normal, and binomial distributions; correlation and regression analysis

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Engineering mathematics: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Numerical methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Solution of linear and nonlinear algebraic equations; integration by trapezoidal and Simpson's rule; single step method for differential equations

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                General biology: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Biochemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Biomolecules-structure and function; biological membranes-structure, membrane channels, and pumps, molecular motors, action potential and transport processes; basic concepts and regulation of metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Amino acids and nucleic acids; photosynthesis, respiration, and electron transport chain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Enzymes-classification, catalytic, and regulatory strategies; enzyme kinetics-Michaelis-Menten equation; enzyme inhibition-competitive, non-competitive, and uncompetitive inhibition

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                General biology: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Microbiology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Bacterial classification and diversity; microbial ecology-microbes in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems; microbial interactions; viruses-structure and classification; methods in microbiology; microbial growth and nutrition; nitrogen fixation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Microbial diseases and host-pathogen interactions; antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                General biology: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Immunology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Innate and adaptive immunity, humoral and cell mediated immunity; antibody structure and function; molecular basis of antibody diversity; T cell and B cell development; antigen-antibody reaction; complement; primary and secondary lymphoid organs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Major histocompatibility complex (MHC); antigen processing and presentation; polyclonal and monoclonal antibody; regulation of immune response; immune tolerance; hyper sensitivity; autoimmunity; graft versus host reaction; immunization and vaccines

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Genetics, cellular, and molecular biology: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Genetics and evolutionary biology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Mendelian inheritance; gene interaction; complementation; linkage, recombination, and chromosome mapping; extra chromosomal inheritance; microbial genetics-transformation, transduction, and conjugation; horizontal gene transfer and transposable elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chromosomal variation; genetic disorders; population genetics; epigenetics; selection and inheritance; adaptive and neutral evolution; genetic drift; species and speciation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Genetics, cellular, and molecular biology: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Cell biology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure; cell cycle and cell growth control; cell-cell communication; cell signaling and signal transduction; post-translational modifications; protein trafficking; cell death and autophagy; extra-cellular matrix

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Genetics, cellular, and molecular biology: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Molecular biology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Molecular structure of genes and chromosomes; mutations and mutagenesis; regulation of gene expression; nucleic acid-replication, transcription, splicing, translation and their regulatory mechanisms; Non-coding and micro RNA; RNA interference
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • DNA damage and repair

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Fundamentals of biological engineering: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Engineering principles applied to biological systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Material and energy balances for reactive and non-reactive systems; recycle, bypass and purge processes; stoichiometry of growth and product formation; degree of reduction, electron balance, theoretical oxygen demand

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Fundamentals of biological engineering: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Classical thermodynamics and bioenergetics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Laws of thermodynamics; solution thermodynamics; phase equilibrium, reaction equilibrium; ligand binding; membrane potential; energetics of metabolic pathways, oxidation, and reduction reactions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Fundamentals of biological engineering: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Transport processes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, fluid flow-laminar and turbulent; mixing in bioreactors, mixing time; molecular diffusion and film theory; oxygen transfer and uptake in bioreactor, kLa and its measurement; conductive and convective heat transfer, LMTD
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Overall heat transfer coefficient; heat exchangers

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Bioprocess engineering and process biotechnology: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Bioreaction engineering
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Rate law, zero, and first order kinetics; ideal reactors-batch, mixed flow and plug flow; enzyme immobilization, diffusion effects-Thiele modulus, effectiveness factor, Damkohler number; kinetics of cell growth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Substrate utilization and product formation; structured and unstructured models; batch, fed-batch, and continuous processes; microbial and enzyme reactors; optimization and scale up

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Bioprocess engineering and process biotechnology: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Upstream and downstream processing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Media formulation and optimization; sterilization of air and media; filtration-membrane filtration, ultra filtration; centrifugation-high speed and ultra; cell disruption; principles of chromatography-ion exchange, gel filtration, hydrophobic interaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Affinity, GC, HPLC, and FPLC; extraction, adsorption, and drying

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Bioprocess engineering and process biotechnology: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Instrumentation and process control
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Pressure, temperature, and flow measurement devices; valves; first order and second order systems; feedback and feed forward control; types of controllers-proportional, derivative, and integral control, tuning of controllers

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Plant, animal, and microbial biotechnology: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Plants
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Totipotency; regeneration of plants; plant growth regulators and elicitors; tissue culture and cell suspension culture system-methodology, kinetics of growth and nutrient optimization; production of secondary metabolites; hairy root culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Plant products of industrial importance; artificial seeds; somaclonal variation; protoplast, protoplast fusion-somatic hybrid and cybrid; transgenic plants-direct and indirect methods of gene transfer techniques; selection marker and reporter gene
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Plastid transformation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Plant, animal, and microbial biotechnology: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Animals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Culture media composition and growth conditions; animal cell and tissue preservation; anchorage and non-anchorage dependent cell culture; kinetics of cell growth; micro and macro-carrier culture; hybridoma technology; stem cell technology; animal cloning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Transgenic animals; knock-out and knock-in animals

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Plant, animal, and microbial biotechnology: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Microbes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Production of biomass and primary/ secondary metabolites-biofuels, bioplastics, industrial enzymes, antibiotics; large scale production and purification of recombinant proteins and metabolites; clinical-, food-, and industrial microbiology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Screening strategies for new products

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Recombinant DNA technology and other tools in biotechnology: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Recombinant DNA technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Restriction and modification enzymes; vectors-plasmids, bacteriophage, and other viral vectors, cosmids, Ti plasmid, bacterial and yeast artificial chromosomes; expression vectors; cDNA and genomic DNA library; gene isolation and cloning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Strategies for production of recombinant proteins; transposons and gene targeting

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Recombinant DNA technology and other tools in biotechnology: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Molecular tools
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Polymerase chain reaction; DNA/ RNA labelling and sequencing; southern and northern blotting; in-situ hybridization; DNA fingerprinting, RAPD, RFLP; site-directed mutagenesis; gene transfer technologies; CRISPR-cas; biosensing and biosensors

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Recombinant DNA technology and other tools in biotechnology: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Analytical tools
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Principles of microscopy-light, electron, fluorescent, and confocal; principles of spectroscopy-UV, visible, CD, IR, fluorescence, FT-IR, MS, NMR; electrophoresis; micro-arrays; enzymatic assays; immunoassays-ELISA, RIA, immunohistochemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Immunoblotting; flow cytometry; whole genome and ChIP sequencing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Recombinant DNA technology and other tools in biotechnology: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Computational tools
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Bioinformatics resources and search tools; sequence and structure databases; sequence analysis-sequence file formats, scoring matrices, alignment, phylogeny; genomics, proteomics, metabolomics; gene prediction; functional annotation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Secondary structure and 3D structure prediction; knowledge discovery in biochemical databases; metagenomics; metabolic engineering and systems biology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                GATE 2025 Civil Engineering 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                General aptitude: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Verbal aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Basic English grammar: Tenses, articles, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, verb-noun agreement, and other parts of speech
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Basic vocabulary: Words, idioms, and phrases in context
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Reading and comprehension
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Narrative sequencing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                General aptitude: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Quantitative aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Data interpretation: Data graphs (bar graphs, pie charts, and other graphs representing data), 2- and 3-dimensional plots, maps, and tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Numerical computation and estimation: Ratios, percentages, powers, exponents and logarithms, permutations and combinations, and series
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Mensuration and geometry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Elementary statistics and probability

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                General aptitude: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Analytical aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Logic: Deduction and induction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Analogy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Numerical relations and reasoning

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                General aptitude: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Spatial aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Transformation of shapes: Translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring, assembling, and grouping, paper folding, cutting, and patterns in 2 and 3 dimensions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Engineering mathematics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Linear algebra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Matrix algebra; systems of linear equations; eigen values and eigen vectors

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Engineering mathematics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Calculus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Functions of single variable; limit, continuity, and differentiability; mean value theorems, local maxima and minima; Taylor series; evaluation of definite and indefinite integrals, application of definite integral to obtain area and volume
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Partial derivatives; total derivative; gradient, divergence and curl, vector identities; directional derivatives; line, surface and volume integrals

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Engineering mathematics: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Ordinary differential equation (ODE)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • First order (linear and non-linear) equations; higher order linear equations with constant coefficients; Euler-Cauchy equations; initial and boundary value problems

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Engineering mathematics: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Partial differential equation (PDE)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Fourier series; separation of variables; solutions of one-dimensional diffusion equation; first and second order one-dimensional wave equation and two-dimensional Laplace equation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Engineering mathematics: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Probability and Statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Sampling theorems; conditional probability; descriptive statistics-mean, median, mode and standard deviation; random variables-discrete and continuous, Poisson and normal distribution; linear regression

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Engineering mathematics: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Numerical methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Error analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Numerical solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equations; Newton's and Lagrange polynomials; numerical differentiation; integration by trapezoidal and Simpson's rule; single and multi-step methods for first order differential equations

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Structural engineering: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Engineering mechanics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • System of forces, free-body diagrams, equilibrium equations; internal forces in structures; frictions and its applications; centre of mass; free vibrations of undamped SDOF system

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Structural engineering: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Solid mechanics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Bending moment and shear force in statically determinate beams; simple stress and strain relationships; simple bending theory, flexural and shear stresses, shear centre; uniform torsion, transformation of stress; buckling of column
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Combined and direct bending stresses

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Structural engineering: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Structural analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Statically determinate and indeterminate structures by force/ energy methods; method of superposition; analysis of trusses, arches, beams, cables and frames; displacement methods: Slope deflection and moment distribution methods; Influence lines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Stiffness and flexibility methods of structural analysis

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Structural engineering: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Construction materials and management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Construction materials: Structural steel-composition, material properties and behaviour; concrete-constituents, mix design, short-term and long-term properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Construction management: Types of construction projects; project planning and network analysis-PERT and CPM; cost estimation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Structural engineering: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Concrete structures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Working stress and limit state design concepts; design of beams, slabs, columns; bond and development length; prestressed concrete beams

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Structural engineering: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Steel structures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Working stress and Limit state design concepts; design of tension and compression members, beams and beam-columns, column bases; connections-simple and eccentric, beam-column connections, plate girders and trusses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Concept of plastic analysis-beams and frames

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Geotechnical engineering: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Soil mechanics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Three-phase system and phase relationships, index properties; unified and Indian standard soil classification system; permeability-one dimensional flow, seepage through soils-two-dimensional flow, flow nets, uplift pressure, piping, capillarity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Seepage force; principle of effective stress and quicksand condition; compaction of soils; one-dimensional consolidation, time rate of consolidation; shear strength, Mohr's circle, effective and total shear strength parameters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Stress-strain characteristics of clays and sand; stress paths

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Geotechnical engineering: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Foundation engineering
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Sub-surface investigations-drilling bore holes, sampling, plate load test, standard penetration and cone penetration tests; Earth pressure theories-Rankine and Coulomb; stability of slopes-finite and infinite slopes, Bishop's method
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Stress distribution in soils-Boussinesq's theory; pressure bulbs, shallow foundations-Terzaghi and Meyerhof's bearing capacity theories, effect of water table; combined footing and raft foundation; contact pressure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Settlement analysis in sands and clays; deep foundations-dynamic and static formulae, axial load capacity of piles in sands and clays, pile load test, pile under lateral loading, pile group efficiency, negative skin friction

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Water resources engineering: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Fluid mechanics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Properties of fluids, fluid statics; continuity, momentum and energy equations and their applications; potential flow, laminar and turbulent flow; flow in pipes, pipe networks; concept of boundary layer and its growth; concept of lift and drag

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Water resources engineering: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Hydraulics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Forces on immersed bodies; flow measurement in channels and pipes; dimensional analysis and hydraulic similitude; channel hydraulics-energy-depth relationships, specific energy, critical flow, hydraulic jump, uniform flow
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Gradually varied flow and water surface profiles

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Water resources engineering: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Hydrology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Hydrologic cycle, precipitation, evaporation, evapo-transpiration, watershed, infiltration, unit hydrographs, hydrograph analysis, reservoir capacity, flood estimation and routing, surface run-off models
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Ground water hydrology-steady state well hydraulics and aquifers; application of Darcy's law

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Water resources engineering: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Irrigation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Types of irrigation systems and methods; crop water requirements-duty, delta, evapo-transpiration; gravity dams and spillways; lined and unlined canals, design of weirs on permeable foundation; cross drainage structures

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Environmental engineering: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Water and waste water quality and treatment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Basics of water quality standards-physical, chemical, and biological parameters; water quality index; unit processes and operations; water requirement; water distribution system; drinking water treatment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Sewerage system design, quantity of domestic wastewater, primary and secondary treatment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Effluent discharge standards; sludge disposal; reuse of treated sewage for different applications

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Environmental engineering: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Air pollution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Types of pollutants, their sources and impacts, air pollution control, air quality standards, air quality index and limits

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Environmental engineering: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Municipal solid wastes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Characteristics, generation, collection and transportation of solid wastes, engineered systems for solid waste management (reuse/ recycle, energy recovery, treatment and disposal)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Transportation engineering: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Transportation infrastructure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Geometric design of highways-cross-sectional elements, sight distances, horizontal and vertical alignments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Geometric design of railway Track-speed and cant
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Concept of airport runway length, calculations and corrections; taxiway and exit taxiway design

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Transportation engineering: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Highway pavements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Highway materials-desirable properties and tests; desirable properties of bituminous paving mixes; design factors for flexible and rigid pavements; design of flexible and rigid pavement using IRC codes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Transportation engineering: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Traffic engineering
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Traffic studies on flow and speed, peak hour factor, accident study, statistical analysis of traffic data; microscopic and macroscopic parameters of traffic flow, fundamental relationships; traffic signs; signal design by Webster's method
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Types of intersections; highway capacity

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Geomatics engineering: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Principles of surveying

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Geomatics engineering: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Errors and their adjustment

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Geomatics engineering: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Maps
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Scale, coordinate system

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Geomatics engineering: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Distance and angle measurement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Levelling and trigonometric levelling

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Geomatics engineering: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Traversing and triangulation survey

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Geomatics engineering: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Total station

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Geomatics engineering: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Horizontal and vertical curves

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Geomatics engineering: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Photogrammetry and remote sensing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Scale, flying height

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Geomatics engineering: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Basics of remote sensing and GIS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE 2025 Chemical Engineering 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            General aptitude: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Verbal aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Basic English grammar: Tenses, articles, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, verb-noun agreement, and other parts of speech
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Basic vocabulary: Words, idioms, and phrases in context
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Reading and comprehension
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Narrative sequencing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            General aptitude: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Quantitative aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Data interpretation: Data graphs (bar graphs, pie charts, and other graphs representing data), 2- and 3-dimensional plots, maps, and tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Numerical computation and estimation: Ratios, percentages, powers, exponents and logarithms, permutations and combinations, and series
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Mensuration and geometry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Elementary statistics and probability

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            General aptitude: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Analytical aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Logic: Deduction and induction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Analogy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Numerical relations and reasoning

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            General aptitude: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Spatial aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Transformation of shapes: Translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring, assembling, and grouping, paper folding, cutting, and patterns in 2 and 3 dimensions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Engineering mathematics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Linear algebra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Matrix algebra, systems of linear equations, eigen values and eigen vectors

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Engineering mathematics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Calculus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Functions of single variable, limit, continuity, and differentiability, Taylor series, mean value theorems, evaluation of definite and improper integrals, partial derivatives, total derivative, maxima and minima, gradient, divergence and curl
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Vector identities, directional derivatives, line, surface and volume integrals, Stokes, Gauss and Green's theorems

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Engineering mathematics: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Differential equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • First order equations (linear and nonlinear), higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients, Cauchy's and Euler's equations, initial and boundary value problems, Laplace transforms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Solutions of one dimensional heat and wave equations and Laplace equation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Engineering mathematics: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Complex variables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Complex number, polar form of complex number, triangle inequality

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Engineering mathematics: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Probability and Statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Definitions of probability and sampling theorems, conditional probability, mean, median, mode and standard deviation, random variables, Poisson, normal and binomial distributions, linear regression analysis

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Engineering mathematics: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Numerical methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Numerical solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Integration by trapezoidal and Simpson's rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Single and multi-step methods for numerical solution of differential equations

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Process calculations and thermodynamics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Steady and unsteady state mass and energy balances including multiphase

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Process calculations and thermodynamics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Multi-component

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Process calculations and thermodynamics: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Reacting and non-reacting systems

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Process calculations and thermodynamics: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Use of tie components

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Process calculations and thermodynamics: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Recycle, bypass, and purge calculations

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Process calculations and thermodynamics: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Gibb's phase rule and degree of freedom analysis

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Process calculations and thermodynamics: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        First and second laws of thermodynamics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Process calculations and thermodynamics: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Applications of first law to close and open systems

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Process calculations and thermodynamics: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Second law and entropy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Process calculations and thermodynamics: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Thermodynamic properties of pure substances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Equation of state and residual properties

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Process calculations and thermodynamics: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Properties of mixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Partial molar properties, fugacity, excess properties and activity coefficients

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Process calculations and thermodynamics: Unit 12


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Phase equilibria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Predicting VLE of systems; chemical reaction equilibrium

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Fluid mechanics and mechanical operations: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Fluid statics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Fluid mechanics and mechanical operations: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Surface tension

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Fluid mechanics and mechanical operations: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Fluid mechanics and mechanical operations: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Transport properties

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Fluid mechanics and mechanical operations: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Equation of continuity

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Fluid mechanics and mechanical operations: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Equation of motion

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Fluid mechanics and mechanical operations: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Equation of mechanical energy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Fluid mechanics and mechanical operations: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Macroscopic friction factors

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Fluid mechanics and mechanical operations: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Dimensional analysis and similitude

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Fluid mechanics and mechanical operations: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Flow through pipeline systems

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Fluid mechanics and mechanical operations: Unit 12


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Velocity profiles

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Fluid mechanics and mechanical operations: Unit 13


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Flow meters

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Fluid mechanics and mechanical operations: Unit 14


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Pumps and compressors

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Fluid mechanics and mechanical operations: Unit 15


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Elementary boundary layer theory

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Fluid mechanics and mechanical operations: Unit 16


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Flow past immersed bodies including packed and fluidized beds

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Fluid mechanics and mechanical operations: Unit 17


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Turbulent flow
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Fluctuating velocity, universal velocity profile and pressure drop

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Fluid mechanics and mechanical operations: Unit 18


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Particle size and shape

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Fluid mechanics and mechanical operations: Unit 19


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Particle size distribution

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Fluid mechanics and mechanical operations: Unit 20


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Size reduction and classification of solid particles

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Fluid mechanics and mechanical operations: Unit 21


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Free and hindered settling

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Fluid mechanics and mechanical operations: Unit 22


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Centrifuge and cyclones

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Fluid mechanics and mechanical operations: Unit 23


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Thickening and classification

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Fluid mechanics and mechanical operations: Unit 24


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Filtration

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Fluid mechanics and mechanical operations: Unit 25


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Agitation and mixing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Fluid mechanics and mechanical operations: Unit 26


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Conveying of solids

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Mass transfer: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Fick's laws

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Mass transfer: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Molecular diffusion in fluids

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Mass transfer: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Mass transfer coefficients

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Mass transfer: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Film

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Mass transfer: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Momentum

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Mass transfer: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Heat and mass transfer analogies

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Mass transfer: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          HTU and NTU concepts

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Mass transfer: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Absorption

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Mass transfer: Unit 12


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Leaching

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Mass transfer: Unit 13


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Liquid-liquid extraction

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Mass transfer: Unit 14


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Drying

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Mass transfer: Unit 15


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Humidification

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Mass transfer: Unit 16


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Dehumidification and adsorption

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Chemical reaction engineering: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Theories of reaction rates

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Chemical reaction engineering: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Kinetics of homogeneous reactions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Chemical reaction engineering: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Interpretation of kinetic data

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemical reaction engineering: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Single and multiple reactions in ideal reactors

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Chemical reaction engineering: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Non-ideal reactors

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Chemical reaction engineering: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Residence time distribution

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Chemical reaction engineering: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Single parameter model

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Chemical reaction engineering: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Non-isothermal reactors

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Chemical reaction engineering: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Kinetics of heterogeneous catalytic reactions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Chemical reaction engineering: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Diffusion effects in catalysis

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Chemical reaction engineering: Unit 12


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Rate and performance equations for catalyst deactivation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Instrumentation and process control: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Measurement of process variables

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Instrumentation and process control: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Sensors and transducers

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Instrumentation and process control: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  P and ID equipment symbols

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Instrumentation and process control: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Process modeling and linearization

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Instrumentation and process control: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Transfer functions and dynamic responses of various systems

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Instrumentation and process control: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Systems with inverse response

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Instrumentation and process control: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Process reaction curve

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Instrumentation and process control: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Controller modes (P, PI, and PID)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Instrumentation and process control: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Control valves

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Instrumentation and process control: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Transducer dynamics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Instrumentation and process control: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Analysis of closed loop systems including stability

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Instrumentation and process control: Unit 12


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Frequency response

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Instrumentation and process control: Unit 13


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Controller tuning

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Instrumentation and process control: Unit 14


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Cascade and feed forward control

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Plant design and economics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Cost indices

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Plant design and economics: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Rate of return

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Plant design and economics: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Payback period

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Plant design and economics: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Discounted cash flow
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  GATE 2025 Computer Science and Information Technology 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  General aptitude: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Verbal aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Basic English grammar: Tenses, articles, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, verb-noun agreement, and other parts of speech
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Basic vocabulary: Words, idioms, and phrases in context
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Reading and comprehension
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Narrative sequencing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  General aptitude: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Quantitative aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Data interpretation: Data graphs (bar graphs, pie charts, and other graphs representing data), 2- and 3-dimensional plots, maps, and tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Numerical computation and estimation: Ratios, percentages, powers, exponents and logarithms, permutations and combinations, and series
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Mensuration and geometry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Elementary statistics and probability

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  General aptitude: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Analytical aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Logic: Deduction and induction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Analogy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Numerical relations and reasoning

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  General aptitude: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Spatial aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Transformation of shapes: Translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring, assembling, and grouping, paper folding, cutting, and patterns in 2 and 3 dimensions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Engineering mathematics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Discrete mathematics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Propositional and first order logic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Sets, relations, functions, partial orders and lattices
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Monoids, groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Graphs: Connectivity, matching, colouring
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Combinatorics: Counting, recurrence relations, generating functions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Engineering mathematics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Linear algebra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Matrices, determinants, system of linear equations, eigen values and eigen vectors, LU decomposition

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Engineering mathematics: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Calculus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Limits, continuity, and differentiability
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Maxima and minima
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Mean value theorem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integration

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Engineering mathematics: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Probability and Statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Random variables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Uniform, normal, exponential, poisson and binomial distributions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Mean, median, mode and standard deviation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Conditional probability and baye's theorem

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Computer science and information technology: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Digital logic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Boolean algebra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Combinational and sequential circuits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Minimization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Number representations and computer arithmetic (fixed and floating point)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Computer science and information technology: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Computer organization and architecture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Machine instructions and addressing modes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • ALU, data‐path and control unit
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Instruction pipelining, pipeline hazards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Memory hierarchy: Cache, main memory and secondary storage; I/O interface (interrupt and DMA mode)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Computer science and information technology: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Programming and data structures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Programming in C. Recursion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Arrays, stacks, queues, linked lists, trees, binary search trees, binary heaps, graphs

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Computer science and information technology: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Algorithms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Searching, sorting, hashing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Asymptotic worst case time and space complexity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Algorithm design techniques: Greedy, dynamic programming and divide‐and‐conquer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Graph traversals, minimum spanning trees, shortest paths

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Computer science and information technology: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Theory of computation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Regular expressions and finite automata
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Context-free grammars and push-down automata
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Regular and contex-free languages, pumping lemma
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Turing machines and undecidability

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Computer science and information technology: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Compiler design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lexical analysis, parsing, syntax-directed translation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Runtime environments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Intermediate code generation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Local optimisation, data flow analyses: Constant propagation, liveness analysis, common subexpression elimination

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Computer science and information technology: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Operating system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • System calls, processes, threads, inter‐process communication, concurrency and synchronization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Deadlock
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • CPU and I/O scheduling
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Memory management and virtual memory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • File systems

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Computer science and information technology: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Databases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • ER‐model
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Relational model: Relational algebra, tuple calculus, SQL
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Integrity constraints, normal forms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • File organization, indexing (e.g., B and B+ trees)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Transactions and concurrency control

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Computer science and information technology: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Computer networks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Concept of layering: OSI and TCP/IP protocol stacks; basics of packet, circuit and virtual circuit-switching; data link layer: Framing, error detection, medium access control, ethernet bridging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Routing protocols: Shortest path, flooding, distance vector and link state routing; fragmentation and IP addressing, IPv4, CIDR notation, basics of IP support protocols (ARP, DHCP, ICMP), network address translation (NAT)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Transport layer: Flow control and congestion control, UDP, TCP, sockets; application layer protocols: DNS, SMTP, HTTP, FTP, Email
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  GATE 2025 Chemistry 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  General aptitude: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Verbal aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Basic English grammar: Tenses, articles, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, verb-noun agreement, and other parts of speech
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Basic vocabulary: Words, idioms, and phrases in context
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Reading and comprehension
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Narrative sequencing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  General aptitude: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Quantitative aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Data interpretation: Data graphs (bar graphs, pie charts, and other graphs representing data), 2- and 3-dimensional plots, maps, and tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Numerical computation and estimation: Ratios, percentages, powers, exponents and logarithms, permutations and combinations, and series
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Mensuration and geometry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Elementary statistics and probability

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  General aptitude: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Analytical aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Logic: Deduction and induction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Analogy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Numerical relations and reasoning

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  General aptitude: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Spatial aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Transformation of shapes: Translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring, assembling, and grouping, paper folding, cutting, and patterns in 2 and 3 dimensions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Physical chemistry: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Structure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Postulates of quantum mechanics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Operators
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Time dependent and time independent Schrödinger equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Born interpretation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Dirac bra-ket notation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Particle in a box: Infinite and finite square wells; concept of tunnelling; particle in 1D, 2D and 3D-box; applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Harmonic oscillator: Harmonic and anharmonic potentials; hermite polynomials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Rotational motion: Angular momentum operators, rigid rotor
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Hydrogen and hydrogen-like atoms: Atomic orbitals; radial distribution function
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Multi-electron atoms: Orbital approximation; electron spin; Pauli exclusion principle; slater determinants
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Approximation methods: Variation method and secular determinants; first order perturbation techniques
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Atomic units
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Molecular structure and chemical bonding: Born-Oppenheimer approximation; valence bond theory and linear combination of atomic orbitals-molecular orbital (LCAO-MO) theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Hybrid orbitals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applications of LCAO-MO theory to H2 +, H2; molecular orbital theory (MOT) of homo- and heteronuclear diatomic molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Hückel approximation and its application to annular π– electron systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Group theory: Symmetry elements and operations; point groups and character tables; internal coordinates and vibrational modes; symmetry adapted linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO-MO); construction of hybrid orbitals using symmetry aspects
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Spectroscopy: Atomic spectroscopy; Russell-Saunders coupling; term symbols and spectral details; origin of selection rules. Rotational, vibrational, electronic and Raman spectroscopy of diatomic and polyatomic molecules. Line broadening
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Spectroscopy: Einstein's coefficients. Relationship of transition moment integral with molar extinction coefficient and oscillator strength. Basic principles of nuclear magnetic resonance: Gyromagnetic ratio; chemical shift, nuclear coupling

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Physical chemistry: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Equilibrium
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Laws of thermodynamics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Standard states
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Thermochemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Thermodynamic functions and their relationships: Gibbs-Helmholtz and Maxwell relations, Gibbs-Duhem equation, Van't Hoff equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Criteria of spontaneity and equilibrium
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Absolute entropy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Partial molar quantities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Thermodynamics of mixing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chemical potential
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Fugacity, activity and activity coefficients
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Ideal and Non-ideal solutions, Raoult's law and Henry's law, chemical equilibria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Dependence of equilibrium constant on temperature and pressure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Ionic mobility and conductivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Debye-Huckel limiting law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Debye-Hückel-Onsager equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Standard electrode potentials and electrochemical cells
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Nernst Equation and its application, relationship between electrode potential and thermodynamic quantities, potentiometric and conductometric titrations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Phase rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Clausius-Clapeyron equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Phase diagram of one component systems: CO2, H2O, S; two component systems: Liquid- vapour, liquid-liquid, and solid-liquid systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Fractional distillation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Azeotropes and eutectics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Statistical thermodynamics: Microcanonical, canonical and grand canonical ensembles, Boltzmann distribution, partition functions and thermodynamic properties

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Physical chemistry: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Kinetics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Elementary, parallel, opposing and consecutive reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Steady state approximation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Mechanisms of complex reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Unimolecular reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Potential energy surfaces and classical trajectories, concept of Saddle points, transition state theory: Eyring equation, thermodynamic aspects
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Kinetics of polymerization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Catalysis concepts and enzyme catalysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Kinetic isotope effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Fast reaction kinetics: Relaxation and flow methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Diffusion controlled reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Kinetics of photochemical and photophysical processes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Physical chemistry: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Surfaces and interfaces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Physisorption and Chemisorption
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Langmuir, Freundlich and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) isotherms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Surface catalysis: Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Surface tension, viscosity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Self-assembly
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Physical chemistry of colloids, micelles and macromolecules

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Inorganic chemistry: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Main group elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Hydrides, halides, oxides, oxoacids, nitrides, sulfides-shapes and reactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Structure and bonding of boranes, carboranes, silicones, silicates, boron nitride, borazines and phosphazenes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Allotropes of carbon, phosphorous and sulphur
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Industrial synthesis of compounds of main group elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chemistry of noble gases, pseudohalogens, and interhalogen compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Acid-base concepts and principles (Lewis, Brønsted, HSAB and acid-base catalysis)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Inorganic chemistry: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Transition elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Coordination chemistry-structure and isomerism, theories of bonding (VBT, CFT, and MOT)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Energy level diagrams in various crystal fields, CFSE, applications of CFT, Jahn-Teller distortion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Electronic spectra of transition metal complexes: Spectroscopic term symbols, selection rules, Orgel and Tanabe-Sugano diagrams, nephelauxetic effect and Racah parameter, charge-transfer spectra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Magnetic properties of transition metal complexes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Ray-Dutt and Bailar twists, reaction mechanisms: Kinetic and thermodynamic stability, substitution and redox reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Metal-metal multiple bond

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Inorganic chemistry: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Lanthanides and actinides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Recovery
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Periodic properties, spectra and magnetic properties

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Inorganic chemistry: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Organometallics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 18-Electron rule; metal-alkyl, metal-carbonyl, metal-olefin and metal-carbene complexes and metallocenes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Fluxionality in organometallic complexes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Types of organometallic reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Homogeneous catalysis-hydrogenation, hydroformylation, acetic acid synthesis, metathesis and olefin oxidation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Heterogeneous catalysis-Fischer-Tropsch reaction, Ziegler-Natta polymerization

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Inorganic chemistry: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Radioactivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Detection of radioactivity, decay processes, half-life of radioactive elements, fission and fusion processes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Inorganic chemistry: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Bioinorganic chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Ion (Na+ and K+ ) transport, oxygen binding, transport and utilization, electron transfer reactions, nitrogen fixation, metalloenzymes containing magnesium, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, copper and zinc

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Inorganic chemistry: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Solids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Crystal systems and lattices, Miller planes, crystal packing, crystal defects, Bragg's law, ionic crystals, structures of AX, AX2, ABX3 type compounds, spinels, band theory, metals and semiconductors

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Inorganic chemistry: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Instrumental methods of analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • UV-visible, fluorescence and FTIR spectrophotometry, NMR and ESR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, atomic absorption spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy (Fe and Sn) and X-ray crystallography
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chromatography including GC and HPLC
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Electroanalytical methods-polarography, cyclic voltammetry, ion-selective electrodes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Thermoanalytical methods

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Organic chemistry: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Stereochemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chirality and symmetry of organic molecules with or without chiral centres and determination of their absolute configurations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Relative stereochemistry in compounds having more than one stereogenic centre
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Homotopic, enantiotopic and diastereotopic atoms, groups and faces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Stereoselective and stereospecific synthesis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Conformational analysis of acyclic and cyclic compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Geometrical isomerism and optical isomerism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Configurational and conformational effects, atropisomerism, and neighbouring group participation on reactivity and selectivity/ specificity

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Organic chemistry: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Reaction mechanisms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Basic mechanistic concepts-kinetic versus thermodynamic control, Hammond's postulate and Curtin-Hammett principle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Methods of determining reaction mechanisms through kinetics, identification of products, intermediates and isotopic labelling
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Linear free-energy relationshi-Hammett and Taft equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Nucleophilic and electrophilic substitution reactions (both aromatic and aliphatic)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Addition reactions to carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom (N and O) multiple bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Elimination reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Reactive intermediates-carbocations, carbanions, carbenes, nitrenes, arynes and free radicals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Molecular rearrangements

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Organic chemistry: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Organic synthesis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Synthesis, reactions, mechanisms and selectivity involving the following classes of compounds-alkenes, alkynes, arenes, alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, nitriles, halides, nitro compounds, amines and amides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Uses of Mg, Li, Cu, B, Zn, P, S, Sn and Si based reagents in organic synthesis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Carbon-carbon bond formation through coupling reactions-Heck, Suzuki, Stille, Sonogoshira, Negishi, Kumada, Hiyama, Tsuji-Trost, olefin metathesis and McMurry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Concepts of multistep synthesis-retrosynthetic analysis, strategic disconnections, synthons and synthetic equivalents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Atom economy and green chemistry, umpolung reactivity-formyl and acyl anion equivalents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Selectivity in organic synthesis-chemo-, regio- and stereoselectivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Protection and deprotection of functional groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Concepts of asymmetric synthesis-resolution (including enzymatic), desymmetrization and use of chiral auxiliaries, organocatalysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond forming reactions through enolates (including boron enolates), enamines and silyl enol ethers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Stereoselective addition to C=O groups (Cram, Prelog and Felkin-Anh models)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Organic chemistry: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Pericyclic reactions and photochemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Electrocyclic, cycloaddition and sigmatropic reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Orbital correlations-FMO and PMO treatments, Woodward-Hoffmann rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Photochemistry of alkenes, arenes and carbonyl compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Photooxidation and photoreduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Di-π-methane rearrangement, Barton-McCombie reaction, Norrish type-I and II cleavage reaction

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Organic chemistry: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Heterocyclic compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Structure, preparation, properties and reactions of furan, pyrrole, thiophene, pyridine, indole, quinoline and isoquinoline

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Organic chemistry: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Biomolecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Structure, properties and reactions of mono-and di-saccharides, physicochemical properties of amino acids, chemical synthesis of peptides, chemical structure determination of peptides and proteins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Structural features of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, steroids, terpenoids, carotenoids, and alkaloids

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Organic chemistry: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Experimental techniques in organic chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Optical rotation (polarimetry)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applications of various chromatographic techniques such as thin-layer, column, HPLC and GC
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applications of UV-visible, IR, NMR and mass spectrometry in the structural determination of organic molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  GATE 2025 Electronics and Communication Engineering 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  General aptitude: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Verbal aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Basic English grammar: Tenses, articles, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, verb-noun agreement, and other parts of speech
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Basic vocabulary: Words, idioms, and phrases in context
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Reading and comprehension
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Narrative sequencing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  General aptitude: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Quantitative aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Data interpretation: Data graphs (bar graphs, pie charts, and other graphs representing data), 2- and 3-dimensional plots, maps, and tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Numerical computation and estimation: Ratios, percentages, powers, exponents and logarithms, permutations and combinations, and series
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Mensuration and geometry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Elementary statistics and probability

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  General aptitude: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Analytical aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Logic: Deduction and induction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Analogy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Numerical relations and reasoning

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  General aptitude: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Spatial aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Transformation of shapes: Translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring, assembling, and grouping, paper folding, cutting, and patterns in 2 and 3 dimensions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Engineering mathematics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Linear algebra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Vector space, basis, linear dependence and independence, matrix algebra, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, rank, solution of linear equations-existence and uniqueness

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Engineering mathematics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Calculus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Mean value theorems, theorems of integral calculus, evaluation of definite and improper integrals, partial derivatives, maxima and minima, multiple integrals, line, surface and volume integrals, Taylor series

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Engineering mathematics: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Differential equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • First order equations (linear and nonlinear), higher order linear differential equations, Cauchy's and Euler's equations, methods of solution using variation of parameters, complementary function and particular integral, partial differential equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Variable separable method, initial and boundary value problems

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Engineering mathematics: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Vector analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Vectors in plane and space, vector operations, gradient, divergence and curl, Gauss's, Green's and Stokes' theorems

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Engineering mathematics: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Complex analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Analytic functions, Cauchy's integral theorem, Cauchy's integral formula, sequences, series, convergence tests, Taylor and Laurent series, residue theorem

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Engineering mathematics: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Probability and Statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Mean, median, mode, standard deviation, combinatorial probability, probability distributions, binomial distribution, Poisson distribution, exponential distribution, normal distribution, joint and conditional probability

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Networks, signals, and systems: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Circuit analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Node and mesh analysis, superposition, Thevenin's theorem, Norton's theorem, reciprocity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Sinusoidal steady state analysis: Phasors, complex power, maximum power transfer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Time and frequency domain analysis of linear circuits: RL, RC and RLC circuits, solution of network equations using Laplace transform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Linear 2-port network parameters, Wye-delta transformation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Networks, signals, and systems: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Continuous-time signals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Fourier series and Fourier transform, sampling theorem and applications

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Networks, signals, and systems: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Discrete-time signals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • DTFT, DFT, z-transform, discrete-time processing of continuous-time signals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • LTI systems: Definition and properties, causality, stability, impulse response, convolution, poles and zeroes, frequency response, group delay, phase delay

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Electronic devices: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Equilibrium carrier concentration

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Electronic devices: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Carrier transport
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Diffusion current, drift current, mobility and resistivity, generation and recombination of carriers, Poisson and continuity equations

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Electronic devices: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    P-N junction

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Electronic devices: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Zener diode

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Electronic devices: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        BJT

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Electronic devices: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          MOS capacitor

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Electronic devices: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            MOSFET

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Electronic devices: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              LED

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Electronic devices: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Photo diode and solar cell

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Analog circuits: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Diode circuits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Clipping, clamping and rectifiers

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Analog circuits: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  BJT and MOSFET amplifiers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Biasing, ac coupling, small signal analysis, frequency response
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Current mirrors and differential amplifiers

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Analog circuits: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  OP-AMP Circuits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Amplifiers, summers, differentiators, integrators, active filters, Schmitt triggers and oscillators

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Digital circuits: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Number representations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Binary, integer and floating-point-numbers

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Digital circuits: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Combinatorial circuits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Boolean algebra, minimization of functions using Boolean identities and Karnaugh map, logic gates and their static CMOS implementations, arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers, decoders

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Digital circuits: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Sequential circuits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Latches and flip-flops, counters, shift-registers, finite state machines, propagation delay, setup and hold time, critical path delay

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Digital circuits: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Data converters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Sample and hold circuits, ADCs and DACs

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Digital circuits: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Semiconductor memories
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • ROM, SRAM, DRAM

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Digital circuits: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Computer organization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Machine instructions and addressing modes, ALU, data-path and control unit, instruction pipelining

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Control systems: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Basic control system components

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Control systems: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Feedback principle

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Control systems: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Transfer function

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Control systems: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Block diagram representation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Control systems: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Signal flow graph

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Control systems: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Frequency response

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Control systems: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Bode and root-locus plots

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Control systems: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Lag, lead and lag-lead compensation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Communications: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Random processes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Autocorrelation and power spectral density, properties of white noise, filtering of random signals through LTI systems

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Communications: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Analog communications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Amplitude modulation and demodulation, angle modulation and demodulation, spectra of AM and FM, superheterodyne receivers

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Communications: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Information theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Entropy, mutual information and channel capacity theorem

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Communications: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Digital communications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • PCM, DPCM, digital modulation schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK, QAM), bandwidth, inter-symbol interference, MAP, ML detection, matched filter receiver, SNR and BER

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Communications: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Fundamentals of error correction

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Communications: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Hamming codes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Communications: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      CRC

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Electromagnetics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Maxwell's equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Differential and integral forms and their interpretation, boundary conditions, wave equation, Poynting vector

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Electromagnetics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Plane waves and properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Reflection and refraction, polarization, phase and group velocity, propagation through various media, skin depth

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Electromagnetics: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Transmission lines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Equations, characteristic impedance, impedance matching, impedance transformation, S-parameters, Smith chart

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Electromagnetics: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Rectangular and circular waveguides

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Electromagnetics: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Light propagation in optical fibers

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Electromagnetics: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Dipole and monopole antennas

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Electromagnetics: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Linear antenna arrays
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                GATE 2025 Electrical Engineering 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                General aptitude: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Verbal aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Basic English grammar: Tenses, articles, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, verb-noun agreement, and other parts of speech
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Basic vocabulary: Words, idioms, and phrases in context
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Reading and comprehension
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Narrative sequencing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                General aptitude: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Quantitative aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Data interpretation: Data graphs (bar graphs, pie charts, and other graphs representing data), 2- and 3-dimensional plots, maps, and tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Numerical computation and estimation: Ratios, percentages, powers, exponents and logarithms, permutations and combinations, and series
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Mensuration and geometry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Elementary statistics and probability

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                General aptitude: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Analytical aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Logic: Deduction and induction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Analogy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Numerical relations and reasoning

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                General aptitude: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Spatial aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Transformation of shapes: Translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring, assembling, and grouping, paper folding, cutting, and patterns in 2 and 3 dimensions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Engineering mathematics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Linear algebra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Matrix algebra, systems of linear equations, eigen values, eigen vectors

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Engineering mathematics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Calculus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Mean value theorems, theorems of integral calculus, evaluation of definite and improper integrals, partial derivatives, maxima and minima, multiple integrals, Fourier series, vector identities, directional derivatives, line integral, surface integral
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Volume integral, Stokes's theorem, Gauss's theorem, divergence theorem, Green's theorem

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Engineering mathematics: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Differential equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • First order equations (linear and nonlinear), higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients, method of variation of parameters, Cauchy's equation, Euler's equation, Initial and boundary value problems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Partial differential equations, method of separation of variables

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Engineering mathematics: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Complex variables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Analytic functions, Cauchy's integral theorem, Cauchy's integral formula, Taylor series, Laurent series, residue theorem, solution integrals

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Engineering mathematics: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Probability and Statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Sampling theorems, conditional probability, mean, median, mode, standard deviation, random variables, discrete and continuous distributions, Poisson distribution, normal distribution, binomial distribution, correlation analysis, regression analysis

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Electric circuits: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Network elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Ideal voltage and current sources, dependent sources, R, L, C, M elements

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Electric circuits: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Network solution methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • KCL, KVL, node and mesh analysis

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Electric circuits: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Network theorems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Thevenin's, Norton's, superposition and maximum power transfer theorem; transient response of dc and ac networks, sinusoidal steady-state analysis, resonance, two port networks, balanced three phase circuits, star-delta transformation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Complex power and power factor in ac circuits

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Electromagnetic fields: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Coulomb's law

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Electromagnetic fields: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Electric field intensity

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Electromagnetic fields: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Electric flux density

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Electromagnetic fields: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Gauss's law

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Electromagnetic fields: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Divergence

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Electromagnetic fields: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Effect of dielectric medium

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Electromagnetic fields: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Capacitance of simple configurations

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Electromagnetic fields: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Biot‐Savart's law

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Electromagnetic fields: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Ampere's law

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Electromagnetic fields: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Curl

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Electromagnetic fields: Unit 12


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Faraday's law

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Electromagnetic fields: Unit 13


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Lorentz force

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Electromagnetic fields: Unit 14


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Inductance

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Electromagnetic fields: Unit 15


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Magnetomotive force

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Electromagnetic fields: Unit 16


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Reluctance

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Electromagnetic fields: Unit 17


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Magnetic circuits

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Electrical machines: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Single phase transformer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Equivalent circuit, phasor diagram, open circuit and short circuit tests, regulation and efficiency

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Electrical machines: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Three-phase transformers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Connections, vector groups, parallel operation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Electrical machines: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Auto-transformer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Electrical machines: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  DC machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Separately excited, series and shunt, motoring and generating mode of operation and their characteristics, speed control of dc motors

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Electrical machines: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Three-phase induction machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Principle of operation, types, performance, torque-speed characteristics, no-load and blocked-rotor tests, equivalent circuit, starting and speed control

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Electrical machines: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Synchronous machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Cylindrical and salient pole machines, performance and characteristics, regulation and parallel operation of generators, starting of synchronous motors

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Power systems: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  AC and DC transmission concepts

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Power systems: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Series and shunt compensation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Power systems: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Distribution systems

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Power systems: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Per‐unit quantities

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Power systems: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Bus admittance matrix

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Power systems: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Voltage and frequency control

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Power systems: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Power factor correction

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Power systems: Unit 12


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Symmetrical components

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Power systems: Unit 14


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Principles of over‐current

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Power systems: Unit 15


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Differential

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Power systems: Unit 17


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Circuit breakers

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Power systems: Unit 18


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        System stability concepts

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Power systems: Unit 19


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Equal area criterion

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Control systems: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Feedback principle

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Control systems: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Transfer function

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Control systems: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Bode plots

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Control systems: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Root loci

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Control systems: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Lag

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Control systems: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Lead and lead‐lag compensators

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Control systems: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        P, PI and PID controllers

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Control systems: Unit 12


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          State space model

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Control systems: Unit 14


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            R.M.S. value

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Electrical and electronic measurements: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Bridges and potentiometers

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Electrical and electronic measurements: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Measurement of voltage

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Electrical and electronic measurements: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Current

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Electrical and electronic measurements: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Power

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Electrical and electronic measurements: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Energy and power factor

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Electrical and electronic measurements: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Instrument transformers

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Electrical and electronic measurements: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Digital voltmeters and multimeters

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Electrical and electronic measurements: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Phase

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Electrical and electronic measurements: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Time and frequency measurement

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Electrical and electronic measurements: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Oscilloscopes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Electrical and electronic measurements: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Error analysis

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Analog and digital electronics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Simple diode circuits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Clipping, clamping, rectifiers

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Analog and digital electronics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Amplifiers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Biasing, equivalent circuit and frequency response

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Analog and digital electronics: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Oscillators and feedback amplifiers

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Analog and digital electronics: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Operational amplifiers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • characteristics and applications

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Analog and digital electronics: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Single stage active filters

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Analog and digital electronics: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Sallen Key

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Analog and digital electronics: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Butterworth

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Analog and digital electronics: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            VCOs and timers

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Analog and digital electronics: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Combinatorial and sequential logic circuits

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Analog and digital electronics: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Multiplexers

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Analog and digital electronics: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Demultiplexers

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Analog and digital electronics: Unit 12


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Schmitt triggers

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Analog and digital electronics: Unit 13


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Sample and hold circuits

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Analog and digital electronics: Unit 14


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        A/D and D/A converters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          GATE 2025 Geology and Geophysics 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          General aptitude: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Verbal aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Basic English grammar: Tenses, articles, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, verb-noun agreement, and other parts of speech
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Basic vocabulary: Words, idioms, and phrases in context
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Reading and comprehension
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Narrative sequencing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          General aptitude: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Quantitative aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Data interpretation: Data graphs (bar graphs, pie charts, and other graphs representing data), 2- and 3-dimensional plots, maps, and tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Numerical computation and estimation: Ratios, percentages, powers, exponents and logarithms, permutations and combinations, and series
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Mensuration and geometry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Elementary statistics and probability

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          General aptitude: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Analytical aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Logic: Deduction and induction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Analogy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Numerical relations and reasoning

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          General aptitude: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Spatial aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Transformation of shapes: Translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring, assembling, and grouping, paper folding, cutting, and patterns in 2 and 3 dimensions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Common section: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Earth and planetary system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Terrestrial planets and moons of the solar system; size, shape, internal structure and composition of the earth; concept of isostasy; elements of seismology-body and surface waves, propagation of body waves in the earth’s interior
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Heat flow within the earth; gravitational field of the Earth; geomagnetism and paleomagnetism; continental drift; plate tectonics-relationship with earthquakes, volcanism and mountain building; continental and oceanic crust
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Composition, structure, and thickness

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Common section: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Weathering and soil formation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Common section: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Basic structural geology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Stress, strain and material response; brittle and ductile deformation; nomenclature and classification of folds and faults

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Common section: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Crystallography
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Basic crystal symmetry and concept of point groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Mineralogy-silicate crystal structure and determinative mineralogy of common rock forming minerals

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Common section: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Geological time scale

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Common section: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Geochronology and absolute time

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Common section: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Stratigraphic principles

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Common section: Unit 12


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Introduction to remote sensing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Common section: Unit 14


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Elements of hydrogeology

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Common section: Unit 16


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Introductory well logging

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Geology: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Geomorphology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Geomorphic processes and agents; development and evolution of landforms in continental, and oceanic settings; tectonic geomorphology

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Geology: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Structural geology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Forces and mechanism of rock deformation; primary and secondary structures; geometry and genesis of planar, and linear structures (bedding, cleavage, schistosity, lineation); folds, faults, joints, and unconformities; stereographic projection; shear zones
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Thrusts and superposed folding; basement-cover relationship
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Interpretation of geological maps

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Geology: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Crystallography and mineralogy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Elements of crystal symmetry, form and twinning; crystallographic projection; crystal chemistry; classification of minerals, physical and optical properties of rock-forming minerals

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Geology: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Geochemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Cosmic abundance of elements; meteorites; geochemical evolution of the earth; geochemical cycles; distribution of major, minor, and trace elements in crust and mantle; elements of high temperature and low temperature geochemical thermodynamics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Isotopic evolution of the crust and the mantle, mantle reservoirs; geochemistry of water and water-rock interaction

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Geology: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Igneous petrology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Classification, forms, textures, and genesis of common igneous rocks; magmatic differentiation; binary and ternary phase diagrams; major and trace elements as monitors of partial melting and magma evolutionary processes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Mantle plumes, hotspots, and large igneous provinces

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Geology: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Sedimentology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Texture, structure, and sedimentary processes; petrology of common sedimentary rocks; sedimentary facies and environments, cyclicities in sedimentary succession; provencance and basin analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Important sedimentary basins of India

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Geology: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Metamorphic petrology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Structures and textures of metamorphic rocks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Physicochemical conditions of metamorphism and concept of metamorphic facies, grade and baric types; chemographic projections; metamorphism of pelitic, mafic and impure carbonate rocks; role of bulk composition including fluids in metamorphism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Thermobarometry and metamorphic P-T-t paths, and their tectonic significance

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Geology: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Paleobiology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Diversity of life through time, mass extinctions-causes and effects; taphonomy-processes of fossilization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Taxonomy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Morphology and functional morphology of invertebrates (bivalves, brachiopods, gastropods, echinoids, ammonites); microfossils (foraminifera, ostracoda, conodonts, bryozoa); vertebrate paleonology (equus, probicidea, human)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Paleobotany (plant, spores, pollens)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Basic concepts of ecology/ paleoecology; classification-ecological and taxonomic schemes (diversity and richness)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Fossils and paleoenvironments

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Geology: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Stratigraphy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Principles of stratigraphy and concepts of correlation; lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and chronostratigraphy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Principles of sequence stratigraphy and applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Stratigraphy of peninsular and extra-peninsular India
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Boundary problems in Indian stratigraphy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Geology: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Resource geology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Ore-mineralogy; ore forming processes vis-à-vis ore-rock association (magmatic, hydrothermal, sedimentary, supergene and metamorphogenic ores); fluid inclusions as ore genetic tools
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Coal and petroleum geology; marine mineral resources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Prospecting and exploration of economic mineral deposits-sampling, ore reserve estimation, geostatistics, mining methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Ore dressing and mineral economics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Distribution of mineral, fossil, and nuclear fuel deposits in India

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Geology: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Global tectonics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Plate motions, driving mechanisms, plate boundaries, supercontinent cycles

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Geology: Unit 12


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Applied geology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Physicomechanical properties of rocks and soils; rock index tests; rock failure criteria (Mohr-Coulomb, Griffith, and Hoek-Brown criteria); shear strength of rock discontinuities; rock mass classifications (RMR and Q Systems); in-situ stresses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Rocks as construction materials; geological factors in the construction of engineering structures including dams, tunnels, and excavation sites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Analysis of slope stability

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Geology: Unit 14


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Principles of climate change Hydrogeology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Groundwater flow and exploration, well hydraulics and water quality

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Geology: Unit 15


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Basic principles of remote sensing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Energy sources and radiation principles, atmospheric absorption, interaction of energy with earth's surface, aerial-photo interpretation, multispectral remote sensing in visible, infrared, thermal IR and microwave regions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Digital processing of satellite images
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • GIS-basic concepts, raster and vector mode operations

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Geophysics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Solid-earth geophysics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • The earth as a planet; different motions of the earth; gravity field of the earth, Clairaut's theorem, size and shape of earth; geomagnetic field, paleomagnetism; geothermics and heat flow; seismology and interior of the earth; variation of density
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Velocity, pressure, temperature, electrical and magnetic properties of the earth

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Geophysics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Geodesy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Gravitational field of the earth; geoid; ellipsoid; geodetic reference systems; datum; Everest (1830) and WGS 84 (1984) systems; GPS and DGPS; levelling and surveying

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Geophysics: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Earthquake Seismology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Elements of elasticity theory-stress and strain tensors, generalized Hooke's law; body and surface waves; rotational, dilatational, irrotational, and equivolumnal waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Reflection and refraction of elastic waves; inhomogeneous and evanescent waves, and bounded waves; Eikonal equation and ray theory; earthquakes causes and measurements, magnitude and intensity, focal mechanisms; earthquake quantification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Source characteristics, seismotectonics, and seismic hazards; digital seismographs, earthquake statistics, wave propagation in elastic media, quantifying earthquake source from seismological data
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Elements of seismic tomography

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Geophysics: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Potential and time varying fields
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Scalar and vector potential fields; Laplace, Maxwell, and Helmholtz equations for solution of different types of boundary value problems in Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical polar coordinates; Green's theorem; image theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Integral equations in potential and time-varying field theory

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Geophysics: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Gravity methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Absolute and relative gravity measurements; gravimeters; land, airborne, shipborne, and bore-hole gravity surveys; tensorial gravity sensors and surveys; various corrections for gravity data reduction-free air, Bouguer, and isostatic anomalies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Density estimates of rocks; regional and residual gravity separation; principle of equivalent stratum; data enhancement techniques, upward and downward continuation; derivative maps, wavelength filtering; preparation and analysis of gravity maps
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Gravity anomalies and their interpretation-anomalies due to geometrical and irregular shaped bodies, depth rules, calculation of mass

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Geophysics: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Magnetic methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Elements of Earth's magnetic field, units of measurement, magnetic susceptibility of rocks and measurements, magnetometers, and magnetic gradiometers, land, airborne and marine magnetic, and magnetic gradiometer surveys
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Various corrections applied to magnetic data, IGRF, reduction to Pole transformation, Poisson's relation of gravity, and magnetic potential field, preparation of magnetic maps, upward and downward continuation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Magnetic anomalies due to geometrical and irregular shaped bodies; image processing concepts in processing of magnetic anomaly maps; depth rules; interpretation of processed magnetic anomaly data; derivative
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Analytic signal and Euler depth solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Applications of gravity and magnetic methods for mineral, and oil exploration

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Geophysics: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Electrical methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Conduction of electricity through rocks, electrical conductivities of metals, non-metals, rock forming minerals and different rocks, concepts of DC resistivity measurement and depth of investigation; apparent resistivity and apparent chargeability
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Concept of negative apparent resistivity and negative apparent chargeability; theory of reciprocity, sounding and profiling, various electrode arrangements, application of linear filter theory, sounding curves over multi-layered earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Dar-Zarrouk parameters, reduction of layers, triangle of anisotropy, interpretation of resistivity field data, principles of equivalence and suppression, self-potential method and its origin; electrical resistivity tomography (ERT); induced polarization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Time and frequency domain IP measurements; interpretation and applications of SP, resistivity and IP data sets for ground-water exploration, mineral exploration, environmental and engineering applications

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Geophysics: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Electromagnetic methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Geoelectromagnetic spectrum; Biot Savart's law; Maxwell's equation, Helmholtz equation, basic concept of EM induction in the earth, skin-depth, elliptic polarization, in-phase and quadrature components, phasor diagrams
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Response function and response parameters; ground and airborne methods, measurements in different source-receiver configurations; Earth's natural electromagnetic methods-tellurics, geomagnetic depth sounding and magnetotellurics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Electromagnetic profiling and sounding, time domain EM method; EM scale modelling, processing of EM data and interpretation; ground penetrating radar (GPR) methods; effect of conducting overburden; geological applications including groundwater
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Mineral environmental and hydrocarbon exploration

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Geophysics: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Seismic methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Elastic properties of earth materials; reflection, refraction, and CDP surveys; land and marine seismic sources, generation, and propagation of elastic waves, velocity-depth models, geophones, hydrophones, digital recording systems, digital formats
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Field layouts, seismic noise, and noise profile analysis, optimum geophone grouping, noise cancellation by shot and geophone arrays, 2D, 3D, and 4D seismic data acquisition, processing and interpretation; CDP stacking charts, binning, filtering
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Static and dynamic corrections, digital seismic data processing, seismic deconvolution and migration methods, attribute analysis, bright and dim spots, seismic stratigraphy, high resolution seismics, VSP, AVO, multi
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Component seismics and seismic interferometry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Reservoir geophysics-rock physics and petrophysics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Geophysical survey design

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Geophysics: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Geophysical signal processing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Sampling theorem, Nyquist frequency, aliasing, Fourier series, periodic waveform, Fourier and Hilbert transform, Z-transform and wavelet transform; power spectrum, delta function, auto correlation, cross correlation, convolution, deconvolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Principles of digital filters, windows, poles, and zeros

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Geophysics: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Geophysical well logging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Principles and techniques of geophysical well-logging, SP, resistivity, induction, gamma ray, neutron, density, sonic, temperature, dip meter, caliper, nuclear magnetic resonance-longitudinal and transverse relaxation, CPMG sequence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Porosity characterization, cement bond logging, micro-logs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Pulsed neutron devices and spectroscopy; multi-array and triaxial induction devices; quantitative evaluation of formations from well logs; logging while drilling; high angle and horizontal wells; clay quantification; lithology and porosity estimation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Saturation and permeability estimation; application of bore hole geophysics in ground water, mineral, and oil exploration

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Geophysics: Unit 12


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Radioactive methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Prospecting and assaying of mineral (radioactive and non-radioactive) deposits, half-life, decay constant, radioactive equilibrium, GM counter, scintillation detector, semiconductor devices, application of radiometric for exploration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Assaying and radioactive waste disposal

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Geophysics: Unit 13


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Geophysical Inversion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Basic concepts of forward and inverse problems, ill-posedness of inverse problems, condition number, non-uniqueness and stability of solutions; L1, L2, and Lp norms, overdetermined, underdetermined, and mixed determined inverse problems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Quasi-linear and non-linear methods including Tikhonov's regularization method, singular value decomposition, Backus-Gilbert method, simulated annealing, genetic algorithms, swarm intelligence, machine learning, and artificial neural networks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Statistics of misfit and likelihood, Bayesian construction of posterior probabilities, sparsity promoting L1 optimization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Ambiguity and uncertainty in geophysical interpretation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        GATE 2025 Instrumentation Engineering 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        General aptitude: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Verbal aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Basic English grammar: Tenses, articles, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, verb-noun agreement, and other parts of speech
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Basic vocabulary: Words, idioms, and phrases in context
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Reading and comprehension
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Narrative sequencing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        General aptitude: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Quantitative aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Data interpretation: Data graphs (bar graphs, pie charts, and other graphs representing data), 2- and 3-dimensional plots, maps, and tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Numerical computation and estimation: Ratios, percentages, powers, exponents and logarithms, permutations and combinations, and series
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Mensuration and geometry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Elementary statistics and probability

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        General aptitude: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Analytical aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Logic: Deduction and induction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Analogy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Numerical relations and reasoning

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        General aptitude: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Spatial aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Transformation of shapes: Translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring, assembling, and grouping, paper folding, cutting, and patterns in 2 and 3 dimensions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Engineering mathematics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Linear algebra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Matrix algebra, systems of linear equations, consistency and rank, eigen values and eigen vectors

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Engineering mathematics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Calculus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Mean value theorems, theorems of integral calculus, partial derivatives, maxima and minima, multiple integrals, Fourier series, vector identities, line, surface and volume integrals, Stokes, Gauss and Green's theorems

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Engineering mathematics: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Differential equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • First order equation (linear and nonlinear), second order linear differential equations with constant coefficients, method of variation of parameters, Cauchy's and Euler's equations, initial and boundary value problems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Solution of partial differential equations: variable separable method

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Engineering mathematics: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Analysis of complex variables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Analytic functions, Cauchy's integral theorem and integral formula, Taylor's and Laurent's series, residue theorem, solution of integrals

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Engineering mathematics: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Probability and Statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Sampling theorems, conditional probability, mean, median, mode, standard deviation and variance; random variables: Discrete and continuous distributions: Normal, Poisson and binomial distributions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Engineering mathematics: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Numerical methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Matrix inversion, solutions of non-linear algebraic equations, iterative methods for solving differential equations, numerical integration, regression and correlation analysis

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Instrumentation engineering: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Electricity and magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Coulomb's law, electric field intensity, electric flux density, Gauss's law, divergence, electric field and potential due to point, line, plane and spherical charge distributions, effect of dielectric medium, capacitance of simple configurations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Biot‐Savart's law, Ampere's law, Curl, Faraday's law, Lorentz force, inductance, magnetomotive force, reluctance, magnetic circuits, self and mutual inductance of simple configurations

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Instrumentation engineering: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Electrical circuits and machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Voltage and current sources: Independent, dependent, ideal and practical; V-I relationships of resistor, inductor, mutual inductance and capacitor; transient analysis of RLC circuits with DC excitation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Kirchhoff's laws, mesh and nodal analysis, superposition, Thevenin, Norton, maximum power transfer and reciprocity theorems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Peak-, average- and RMS values of ac quantities; apparent-, active- and reactive powers; phasor analysis, impedance and admittance; series and parallel resonance, locus diagrams, realization of basic filters with R, L and C elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Transient analysis of RLC circuits with AC excitation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • One-port and two-port networks, driving point impedance and admittance, open-, and short circuit parameters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Single phase transformer: Equivalent circuit, phasor diagram, open circuit and short circuit tests, regulation and efficiency
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Three phase induction motors: Principle of operation, types, performance, torque-speed characteristics, no-load and blocked rotor tests, equivalent circuit, starting and speed control; types of losses and efficiency calculations of electric machines

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Instrumentation engineering: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Signals and systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Periodic, aperiodic and impulse signals; Laplace, Fourier and z-transforms; transfer function, frequency response of first and second order linear time invariant systems, impulse response of systems; convolution, correlation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Discrete time system: Impulse response, frequency response, pulse transfer function; DFT and FFT; basics of IIR and FIR filters

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Instrumentation engineering: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Control systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Feedback principles, signal flow graphs, transient response, steady-state-errors, Bode plot, phase and gain margins, Routh and Nyquist criteria, root loci, design of lead, lag and lead-lag compensators, state-space representation of systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Time-delay systems; mechanical, hydraulic and pneumatic system components, synchro pair, servo and stepper motors, servo valves; on-off, P, PI, PID, cascade, feedforward, and ratio controllers, tuning of PID controllers and sizing of control valves

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Instrumentation engineering: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Analog electronics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Characteristics and applications of diode, Zener diode, BJT and MOSFET; small signal analysis of transistor circuits, feedback amplifiers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Characteristics of ideal and practical operational amplifiers; applications of opamps: Adder, subtractor, integrator, differentiator, difference amplifier, instrumentation amplifier, precision rectifier, active filters, oscillators, signal generators
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Voltage controlled oscillators and phase locked loop, sources and effects of noise and interference in electronic circuits

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Instrumentation engineering: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Digital electronics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Combinational logic circuits, minimization of boolean functions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • IC families: TTL and CMOS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Arithmetic circuits, comparators, Schmitt trigger, multi-vibrators, sequential circuits, flipflops, shift registers, timers and counters; sample-and-hold circuit, multiplexer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Analog-to-digital (successive approximation, integrating, flash and sigma-delta) and digital-to-analog converters (weighted R, R-2R ladder and current steering logic)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Characteristics of ADC and DAC (resolution, quantization, significant bits, conversion/ settling time); basics of number systems, embedded Systems: Microprocessor and microcontroller applications, memory and input-output interfacing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Basics of data acquisition systems, basics of distributed control systems (DCS) and programmable logic controllers (PLC)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Instrumentation engineering: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Measurements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • SI units, standards (R,L,C, voltage, current and frequency), systematic and random errors in measurement, expression of uncertainty - accuracy and precision, propagation of errors, linear and weighted regression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Bridges: Wheatstone, Kelvin, Megohm, Maxwell, Anderson, Schering and Wien for measurement of R, L, C and frequency, Q-meter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Measurement of voltage, current and power in single and three phase circuits; AC and DC current probes; true RMS meters, voltage and current scaling, instrument transformers, timer/counter, time, phase and frequency measurements, digital voltmeter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Digital multimeter; oscilloscope, shielding and grounding

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Instrumentation engineering: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Sensors and industrial instrumentation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Resistive-, capacitive-, inductive-, piezoelectric-, Hall effect sensors and associated signal conditioning circuits; transducers for industrial instrumentation: Displacement (linear and angular), velocity, acceleration, force, torque, vibration, shock
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Pressure (including low pressure), flow (variable head, variable area, electromagnetic, ultrasonic, turbine and open channel flow meters) temperature (thermocouple, bolometer, RTD (3/4 wire), thermistor, pyrometer and semiconductor); liquid level, Ph
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Conductivity and viscosity measurement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 4-20 mA two-wire transmitter

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Instrumentation engineering: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Communication and optical instrumentation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Amplitude- and frequency modulation and demodulation; Shannon's sampling theorem, pulse code modulation; frequency and time division multiplexing, amplitude-, phase-, frequency-, quadrature amplitude, pulse shift keying for digital modulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Optical sources and detectors: LED, laser, photo-diode, light dependent resistor, square law detectors and their characteristics; interferometer: Applications in metrology; basics of fiber optic sensing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • UV-VIS spectro photometers, mass spectrometer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        GATE 2025 Mathematics 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        General aptitude: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Verbal aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Basic English grammar: Tenses, articles, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, verb-noun agreement, and other parts of speech
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Basic vocabulary: Words, idioms, and phrases in context
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Reading and comprehension
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Narrative sequencing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        General aptitude: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Quantitative aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Data interpretation: Data graphs (bar graphs, pie charts, and other graphs representing data), 2- and 3-dimensional plots, maps, and tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Numerical computation and estimation: Ratios, percentages, powers, exponents and logarithms, permutations and combinations, and series
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Mensuration and geometry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Elementary statistics and probability

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        General aptitude: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Analytical aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Logic: Deduction and induction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Analogy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Numerical relations and reasoning

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        General aptitude: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Spatial aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Transformation of shapes: Translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring, assembling, and grouping, paper folding, cutting, and patterns in 2 and 3 dimensions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Mathematics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Calculus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Functions of two or more variables, continuity, directional derivatives, partial derivatives, total derivative, maxima and minima, saddle point, method of Lagrange’s multipliers; double and triple integrals and their applications to area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Volume and surface area; vector calculus: Gradient, divergence, and curl, line integrals and surface integrals, Green's theorem, Stokes' theorem, and Gauss divergence theorem

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Mathematics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Linear algebra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Finite dimensional vector spaces over real or complex fields; linear transformations and their matrix representations, rank and nullity; systems of linear equations, characteristic polynomial, eigen values and eigen vectors, diagonalization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Minimal polynomial, Cayley-Hamilton theorem, finite dimensional inner product spaces, Gram-Schmidt orthonormalization process, symmetric, skew-symmetric, Hermitian, skew-Hermitian, normal, orthogonal and unitary matrices
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Diagonalization by a unitary matrix, Jordan canonical form; bilinear and quadratic forms

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Mathematics: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Real analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Metric spaces, connectedness, compactness, completeness; sequences and series of functions, uniform convergence, Ascoli-Arzela theorem; weier strass approximation theorem; contraction mapping principle, power series
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Differentiation of functions of several variables, inverse and Implicit function theorems; Lebesgue measure on the real line, measurable functions; Lebesgue integral, Fatou’s lemma, monotone convergence theorem, dominated convergence theorem

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Mathematics: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Complex analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Functions of a complex variable: Continuity, differentiability, analytic functions, harmonic functions; Complex integration: Cauchy's integral theorem and formula; Liouville's theorem, maximum modulus principle, Morera's theorem; zeros and singularities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Power series, radius of convergence, Taylor's series and Laurent's series; residue theorem and applications for evaluating real integrals; Rouche's theorem, argument principle, Schwarz lemma; conformal mappings, Mobius transformations

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Mathematics: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Ordinary differential equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • First order ordinary differential equations, existence and uniqueness theorems for initial value problems, linear ordinary differential equations of higher order with constant coefficients
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Second order linear ordinary differential equations with variable coefficients; Cauchy-Euler equation, method of Laplace transforms for solving ordinary differential equations, series solutions (power series, Frobenius method)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Legendre and Bessel functions and their orthogonal properties; systems of linear first order ordinary differential equations, Sturm's oscillation and separation theorems, Sturm-Liouville eigen value problems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Planar autonomous systems of ordinary differential equations: Stability of stationary points for linear systems with constant coefficients, linearized stability, Lyapunov functions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Mathematics: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Algebra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Groups, subgroups, normal subgroups, quotient groups, homomorphisms, automorphisms; cyclic groups, permutation groups, group action, Sylow's theorems and their applications; rings, ideals, prime and maximal ideals, quotient rings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Unique factorization domains, principle ideal domains, euclidean domains, polynomial rings, Eisenstein's irreducibility criterion; fields, finite fields, field extensions, algebraic extensions, algebraically closed fields

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Mathematics: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Functional analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Normed linear spaces, banach spaces, Hahn-Banach theorem, open mapping and closed graph theorems, principle of uniform boundedness; inner-product spaces, Hilbert spaces, orthonormal bases, projection theorem, Riesz representation theorem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Spectral theorem for compact self-adjoint operators

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Mathematics: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Numerical analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Systems of linear equations: Direct methods (Gaussian elimination, LU decomposition, Cholesky factorization), iterative methods (Gauss-Seidel and Jacobi) and their convergence for diagonally dominant coefficient matrices
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Numerical solutions of nonlinear equations: Bisection method, secant method, Newton-Raphson method, fixed point iteration; interpolation: Lagrange and Newton forms of interpolating polynomial, error in polynomial interpolation of a function
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Numerical differentiation and error, numerical integration: Trapezoidal and Simpson rules, Newton-Cotes integration formulas, composite rules, mathematical errors involved in numerical integration formulae
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Numerical solution of initial value problems for ordinary differential equations: Methods of Euler, Runge-Kutta method of order 2

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Mathematics: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Partial differential equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Method of characteristics for first order linear and quasilinear partial differential equations; second order partial differential equations in two independent variables: Classification and canonical forms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Second order partial differential equations in two independent variables: Method of separation of variables for Laplace equation in Cartesian and polar coordinates, heat and wave equations in one space variable
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Wave equation: Cauchy problem and D' Alembert formula, domains of dependence and influence, non-homogeneous wave equation; heat equation: Cauchy problem; Laplace and Fourier transform methods

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Mathematics: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Topology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Basic concepts of topology, bases, subbases, subspace topology, order topology, product topology, quotient topology, metric topology, connectedness, compactness, countability and separation axioms, Urysohn's Lemma

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Mathematics: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Linear programming
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Linear programming models, convex sets, extreme points; basic feasible solution, graphical method, simplex method, two phase methods, revised simplex method ; infeasible and unbounded linear programming models, alternate optima; duality theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Weak duality and strong duality; balanced and unbalanced transportation problems, initial basic feasible solution of balanced transportation problems (least cost method, north-west corner rule, Vogel’s approximation method); optimal solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Modified distribution method; solving assignment problems, hungarian method
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        GATE 2025 Mechanical Engineering 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        General aptitude: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Verbal aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Basic English grammar: Tenses, articles, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, verb-noun agreement, and other parts of speech
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Basic vocabulary: Words, idioms, and phrases in context
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Reading and comprehension
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Narrative sequencing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        General aptitude: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Quantitative aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Data interpretation: Data graphs (bar graphs, pie charts, and other graphs representing data), 2- and 3-dimensional plots, maps, and tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Numerical computation and estimation: Ratios, percentages, powers, exponents and logarithms, permutations and combinations, and series
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Mensuration and geometry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Elementary statistics and probability

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        General aptitude: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Analytical aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Logic: Deduction and induction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Analogy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Numerical relations and reasoning

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        General aptitude: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Spatial aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Transformation of shapes: Translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring, assembling, and grouping, paper folding, cutting, and patterns in 2 and 3 dimensions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Engineering mathematics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Linear algebra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Matrix algebra, systems of linear equations, eigen values and eigen vectors

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Engineering mathematics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Calculus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Functions of single variable, limit, continuity, and differentiability, mean value theorems, indeterminate forms; evaluation of definite and improper integrals; double and triple integrals; partial derivatives, total derivative
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Taylor series (in one and two variables), maxima and minima, Fourier series; gradient, divergence, and curl, vector identities, directional derivatives, line, surface and volume integrals, applications of Gauss, Stokes, and Green's theorems

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Engineering mathematics: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Differential equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • First order equations (linear and nonlinear); higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients; Euler-Cauchy equation; initial and boundary value problems; Laplace transforms; solutions of heat, wave and Laplace's equations

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Engineering mathematics: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Complex variables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Analytic functions; Cauchy-Riemann equations; Cauchy's integral theorem and integral formula; Taylor and Laurent series

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Engineering mathematics: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Probability and Statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Definitions of probability, sampling theorems, conditional probability; mean, median, mode, and standard deviation; random variables, binomial, Poisson, and normal distributions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Engineering mathematics: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Numerical methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Numerical solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equations; integration by trapezoidal and Simpson's rules; single and multi-step methods for differential equations

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Applied mechanics and design: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Engineering mechanics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Free-body diagrams and equilibrium; friction and its applications including rolling friction, belt-pulley, brakes, clutches, screw jack, wedge, vehicles, etc; trusses and frames; virtual work; kinematics and dynamics of rigid bodies in plane motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Impulse and momentum (linear and angular), and energy formulations; Lagrange's equation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Applied mechanics and design: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Mechanics of materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Stress and strain, elastic constants, Poisson's ratio; Mohr's circle for plane stress and plane strain; thin cylinders; shear force and bending moment diagrams; bending and shear stresses; concept of shear centre; deflection of beams
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Torsion of circular shafts; Euler's theory of columns; energy methods; thermal stresses; strain gauges and rosettes; testing of materials with universal testing machine; testing of hardness and impact strength

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Applied mechanics and design: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Theory of machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Displacement, velocity, and acceleration analysis of plane mechanisms; dynamic analysis of linkages; cams; gears and gear trains; flywheels and governors; balancing of reciprocating and rotating masses; gyroscope

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Applied mechanics and design: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Vibrations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Free and forced vibration of single degree of freedom systems, effect of damping; vibration isolation; resonance; critical speeds of shafts

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Applied mechanics and design: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Machine design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Design for static and dynamic loading; failure theories; fatigue strength and the S-N diagram; principles of the design of machine elements such as bolted, riveted and welded joints; shafts, gears, rolling and sliding contact bearings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Brakes and clutches, springs

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Fluid mechanics and thermal sciences: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Fluid mechanics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Fluid properties; fluid statics, forces on submerged bodies, stability of floating bodies; control-volume analysis of mass, momentum, and energy; fluid acceleration; differential equations of continuity and momentum; Bernoulli's equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Dimensional analysis; viscous flow of incompressible fluids, boundary layer, elementary turbulent flow, flow through pipes, head losses in pipes, bends, and fittings; basics of compressible fluid flow

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Fluid mechanics and thermal sciences: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Heat-transfer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Modes of heat transfer; one dimensional heat conduction, resistance concept and electrical analogy, heat transfer through fins; unsteady heat conduction, lumped parameter system, Heisler's charts; thermal boundary layer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Dimensionless parameters in free and forced convective heat transfer, heat transfer correlations for flow over flat plates and through pipes, effect of turbulence; heat exchanger performance, LMTD and NTU methods; radiative heat transfer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Stefan-Boltzmann law, Wien's displacement law, black and grey surfaces, view factors, radiation network analysis

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Fluid mechanics and thermal sciences: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Thermodynamics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Thermodynamic systems and processes; properties of pure substances, behaviour of ideal and real gases; zeroth and first laws of thermodynamics, calculation of work and heat in various processes; second law of thermodynamics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • thermodynamic property charts and tables, availability and irreversibility; thermodynamic relations

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Fluid mechanics and thermal sciences: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Power engineering: Air and gas compressors; vapour and gas power cycles, concepts of regeneration and reheat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • IC engines: Air-standard Otto, diesel, and dual cycles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Refrigeration and air-conditioning: Vapour and gas refrigeration and heat pump cycles; properties of moist air, psychrometric chart, basic psychrometric processes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Turbomachinery: Impulse and reaction principles, velocity diagrams, pelton-wheel, Francis and Kaplan turbines; steam and gas turbines

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Materials, manufacturing and industrial engineering: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Engineering materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Structure and properties of engineering materials, phase diagrams, heat treatment, stress-strain diagrams for engineering materials

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Materials, manufacturing and industrial engineering: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Casting, forming, and joining processes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Different types of castings, design of patterns, moulds and cores; solidification and cooling; riser and gating design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Plastic deformation and yield criteria; fundamentals of hot and cold working processes; load estimation for bulk (forging, rolling, extrusion, drawing) and sheet (shearing, deep drawing, bending) metal forming processes; principles of powder metallurgy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Principles of welding, brazing, soldering, and adhesive bonding

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Materials, manufacturing and industrial engineering: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Machining and machine tool operations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Mechanics of machining; basic machine tools; single and multi-point cutting tools, tool geometry and materials, tool life and wear; economics of machining; principles of non-traditional machining processes; principles of work holding, jigs, and fixtures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Abrasive machining processes; NC/ CNC machines and CNC programming

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Materials, manufacturing and industrial engineering: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Metrology and inspection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Limits, fits, and tolerances; linear and angular measurements; comparators; interferometry; form and finish measurement; alignment and testing methods; tolerance analysis in manufacturing and assembly; concepts of coordinate-measuring machine (CMM)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Materials, manufacturing and industrial engineering: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Computer integrated manufacturing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Basic concepts of CAD/ CAM and their integration tools; additive manufacturing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Materials, manufacturing and industrial engineering: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Production planning and control
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Forecasting models, aggregate production planning, scheduling, materials requirement planning; lean manufacturing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Materials, manufacturing and industrial engineering: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Inventory control
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Deterministic models; safety stock inventory control systems

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Materials, manufacturing and industrial engineering: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Operations research
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Linear programming, simplex method, transportation, assignment, network flow models, simple queuing models, PERT and CPM
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        GATE 2025 Metallurgical Engineering 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        General aptitude: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Verbal aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Basic English grammar: Tenses, articles, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, verb-noun agreement, and other parts of speech
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Basic vocabulary: Words, idioms, and phrases in context
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Reading and comprehension
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Narrative sequencing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        General aptitude: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Quantitative aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Data interpretation: Data graphs (bar graphs, pie charts, and other graphs representing data), 2- and 3-dimensional plots, maps, and tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Numerical computation and estimation: Ratios, percentages, powers, exponents and logarithms, permutations and combinations, and series
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Mensuration and geometry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Elementary statistics and probability

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        General aptitude: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Analytical aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Logic: Deduction and induction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Analogy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Numerical relations and reasoning

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        General aptitude: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Spatial aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Transformation of shapes: Translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring, assembling, and grouping, paper folding, cutting, and patterns in 2 and 3 dimensions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Engineering mathematics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Linear algebra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Matrices and determinants; systems of linear equations; eigen values and eigen vectors

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Engineering mathematics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Calculus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Limit, continuity, and differentiability; partial derivatives; maxima and minima; sequences and series; test for convergence; Fourier series

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Engineering mathematics: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Vector calculus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Gradient; divergence and curl; line; surface and volume integrals; Stokes, Gauss, and Green's theorems

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Engineering mathematics: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Differential equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Linear and non-linear first order ODEs; higher order linear ODEs with constant coefficients; Cauchy's and Euler's equations; Laplace transforms; PDEs-Laplace, one dimensional heat, and wave equations

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Engineering mathematics: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Probability and Statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Definitions of probability and sampling theorems, conditional probability, mean, median, mode, and standard deviation; random variables; Poisson, normal, and binomial distributions; analysis of experimental data; linear least squares method

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Engineering mathematics: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Numerical methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Solutions of linear and non-linear (bisection, secant, Newton-Raphson methods) algebraic equations; integration by trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule; single and multi-step methods for differential equations

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Metallurgical thermodynamics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Laws of thermodynamics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • First law-energy conservation, second law-entropy; enthalpy, Gibbs and Helmholtz free energy; Maxwell's relations; chemical potential; applications to metallurgical systems, solutions, ideal and regular solutions; Gibbs phase rule, phase equilibrium
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Binary phase diagram and lever rule, free-energy vs. composition diagrams; equilibrium constant, activity, Ellingham, and phase stability diagrams; thermodynamics of point defects, surfaces and interfaces, adsorption and segregation phenomena

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Metallurgical thermodynamics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Electrochemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Single electrode potential, electrochemical cells, Nernst equation, potential-pH diagrams

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Transport phenomena and rate processes: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Momentum transfer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Concept of viscosity, shell balances, Bernoulli's equation, mechanical energy balance equation, flow past plane surfaces and through pipes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Transport phenomena and rate processes: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Heat transfer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Conduction, Fourier's law, 1-D steady state conduction

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Transport phenomena and rate processes: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Convection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Heat transfer coefficient relations for forced convection

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Transport phenomena and rate processes: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Radiation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Black body radiation, Stefan-Boltzmann law, Kirchhoff's law

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Transport phenomena and rate processes: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Mass transfer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Diffusion and Fick's laws, mass transfer coefficients

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Transport phenomena and rate processes: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Dimensional analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Buckingham Pi theorem, significance of dimensionless numbers

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Transport phenomena and rate processes: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Basic laws of chemical kinetics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • First order reactions, reaction rate constant, Arrhenius relation, heterogeneous reactions, oxidation kinetics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Transport phenomena and rate processes: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Electrochemical kinetics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Polarization

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Mineral processing and extractive metallurgy: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Comminution techniques

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Mineral processing and extractive metallurgy: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Size classification

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Mineral processing and extractive metallurgy: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Flotation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Mineral processing and extractive metallurgy: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Gravity and other methods of mineral beneficiation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Mineral processing and extractive metallurgy: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Agglomeration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Sintering, pelletizing, and briquetting

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Mineral processing and extractive metallurgy: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Material and energy balances in metallurgical processes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Mineral processing and extractive metallurgy: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Iron and steel making
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Material and heat balance in blast furnace; structure and properties of slags, and molten salts-basicity of slags, sulphide, and phosphate capacity of slags; production of metallurgical coke

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Mineral processing and extractive metallurgy: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Other methods of iron making (COREX, MIDRE)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Mineral processing and extractive metallurgy: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Primary steel making
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Basic oxygen furnace, process dynamics, oxidation reactions, electric arc furnace

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Mineral processing and extractive metallurgy: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Secondary steel making
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Ladle process-deoxidation, argon stirring, desulphurization, inclusion shape control, principles of degassing methods; basics of stainless steel manufacturing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Mineral processing and extractive metallurgy: Unit 12


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Continuous casting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Fluid flow in the tundish and mould, heat transfer in the mould, segregation, inclusion control

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Physical metallurgy: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Chemical bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Ionic, covalent, metallic, and secondary bonding in materials, crystal structure of solids-metals and alloys, ionic and covalent solids, and polymers

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Physical metallurgy: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    X-ray diffraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Bragg's law, optical metallography, principles of SEM imaging

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Physical metallurgy: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Crystal imperfections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Point, line, and surface defects; coherent, semi-coherent, and incoherent interfaces

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Physical metallurgy: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Diffusion in solids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Diffusion equation, steady state, and error function solutions; examples-homogenenization and carburization; Kirkendall effect; uphill diffusion; atomic models for interstitial and substitutional diffusion; pipe diffusion and grain boundary diffusion

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Physical metallurgy: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Phase transformation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Driving force, homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation, growth kinetics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Physical metallurgy: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Solidification in isomorphous

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Physical metallurgy: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Eutectic and peritectic systems

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Physical metallurgy: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Cast structures and macrosegregation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Physical metallurgy: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Coring and microsegregation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Physical metallurgy: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Solid state transformations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Precipitation, spinoidal decomposition, ordering, massive transformation, discontinuous precipitation, eutectoid transformation, diffusionless transformations; precipitate coarsening, Gibbs-Thomson effect

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Physical metallurgy: Unit 13


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Surface hardening treatments

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Mechanical metallurgy: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Strain tensor and stress tensor

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Mechanical metallurgy: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Representation by Mohr's circle

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Mechanical metallurgy: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Elasticity

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Mechanical metallurgy: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Stiffness and compliance tensor

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Mechanical metallurgy: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Yield criteria

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Mechanical metallurgy: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Plastic deformation by slip and twinning

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Mechanical metallurgy: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Dislocation theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Edge, screw, and mixed dislocations, source and multiplication of dislocations, stress fields around dislocations; partial dislocations, dislocation interactions, and reactions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Mechanical metallurgy: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Strengthening mechanisms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Work/ strain hardening, strengthening due to grain boundaries, solid solution, precipitation and dispersion

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Mechanical metallurgy: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Fracture behaviour

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Mechanical metallurgy: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Griffith theory

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Mechanical metallurgy: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Linear elastic fracture mechanics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Mechanical metallurgy: Unit 12


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Fracture toughness

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Mechanical metallurgy: Unit 13


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Fractography

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Mechanical metallurgy: Unit 14


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ductile to brittle transition

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Mechanical metallurgy: Unit 15


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Fatigue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Cyclic stress strain behaviour-low and high cycle fatigue, crack growth

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Mechanical metallurgy: Unit 17


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Creep and stress rupture

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Mechanical metallurgy: Unit 18


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Stress exponent and activation energy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Manufacturing processes: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Metal casting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Mould design involving feeding, gating, and risering, casting practices, casting defects

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Manufacturing processes: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Hot, warm, and cold working of metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Metal forming-fundamentals of metal forming processes of rolling, forging, extrusion, wire drawing, and sheet metal forming, defects in forming

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Manufacturing processes: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Metal joining
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Principles of soldering, brazing, and welding, welding metallurgy, defects in welded joints in steels and aluminium alloys

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Manufacturing processes: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Powder metallurgy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • production of powders, compaction, and sintering

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Manufacturing processes: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Non-destructive testing (NDT)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Dye-penetrant, ultrasonic, radiography, eddy current, acoustic emission and magnetic particle inspection methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          GATE 2025 Mining Engineering 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          General aptitude: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Verbal aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Basic English grammar: Tenses, articles, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, verb-noun agreement, and other parts of speech
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Basic vocabulary: Words, idioms, and phrases in context
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Reading and comprehension
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Narrative sequencing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          General aptitude: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Quantitative aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Data interpretation: Data graphs (bar graphs, pie charts, and other graphs representing data), 2- and 3-dimensional plots, maps, and tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Numerical computation and estimation: Ratios, percentages, powers, exponents and logarithms, permutations and combinations, and series
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Mensuration and geometry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Elementary statistics and probability

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          General aptitude: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Analytical aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Logic: Deduction and induction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Analogy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Numerical relations and reasoning

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          General aptitude: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Spatial aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Transformation of shapes: Translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring, assembling, and grouping, paper folding, cutting, and patterns in 2 and 3 dimensions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Engineering mathematics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Linear algebra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Matrices and determinants; inverse and rank of matrix; systems of linear equations; eigen values and eigen vectors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Cayley-Hamilton theorem

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Engineering mathematics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Calculus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Limit, continuity, and differentiability; partial derivatives; mean value theorems; indeterminate forms and L’ hospital's rule; maxima and minima; Taylor's theorem; sequences and series; test for convergence; Fourier series

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Engineering mathematics: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Vector calculus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Gradient; divergence and curl; line; surface and volume integrals; Stokes, Gauss, and Green's theorems

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Engineering mathematics: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Differential equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Linear and non-linear first order ODEs; higher order linear ODEs with constant coefficients; Cauchy's and Euler's equations

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Engineering mathematics: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Probability and Statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Measures of central tendency and dispersion; hypothesis testing; binomial, Poisson, exponential, and normal distributions; correlation and regression analysis

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Engineering mathematics: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Numerical methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Solutions of linear algebraic equations; interpolation; integration of trapezoidal and Simpson's rule; single and multi-step methods for differential equations

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Mining geology, mine development, and surveying: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Mining geology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Minerals, rocks, and their origin, classification, ore genesis; structural geology

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Mining geology, mine development, and surveying: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Mine development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Methods of access to deposits; underground drivages; drilling methods and machines; explosives and energetics, blasting devices, blast design practices; rock-tool interaction applicable to mechanical cutting systems and their selection

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Mining geology, mine development, and surveying: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Mine surveying
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Levels and levelling, theodolite, tacheometry, triangulation; contouring; errors and adjustments; correlation; underground surveying; curves; photogrammetry; EDM, total station, GPS, basics of GIS and remote sensing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Geomechanics and ground control: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Engineering mechanics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Equivalent force systems; equations of equilibrium; two dimensional frames and trusses; free body diagrams; friction forces; particle kinematics and dynamics; beam analysis

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Geomechanics and ground control: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Geomechanics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Geotechnical properties of rocks; rock mass classification; instrumentation and in-situ stress measurement techniques; theories of rock failure; ground vibrations; stress distribution around mine openings; subsidence; slope stability

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Geomechanics and ground control: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Ground control
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Design of pillars; roof supporting systems; mine filling
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Strata control and monitoring plan

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Mining methods and machinery: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Mining methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Surface mining: Layout, development, loading, transportation and mechanization, continuous surface mining systems; highwall mining; underground coal mining: Bord and pillar systems, room and pillar mining, longwall mining, thick seam mining methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Underground metal mining: Open, supported, and caved stoping methods, stope mechanization, ore handling systems

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Mining methods and machinery: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Mining machinery
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Generation and transmission of mechanical, hydraulic and pneumatic power; materials handling: wire ropes, haulages, conveyors, face and development machinery, hoisting systems, pumps; comminution methods and machinery

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Surface environment, mine ventilation, and underground hazards: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Surface environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Air, water, and soil pollution: Standards of quality, causes and dispersion of contamination, and control; noise pollution and control; land reclamation; EIA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Surface environment, mine ventilation, and underground hazards: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Mine ventilation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Underground atmosphere; heat load sources and thermal environment; air cooling; mechanics of airflow, distribution, natural and mechanical ventilation; mine fans and their usage; auxiliary ventilation; ventilation survey and planning; ventilation networks

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Surface environment, mine ventilation, and underground hazards: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Underground hazards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Mine gases, methane drainage; underground hazards from fires, explosions, dust and inundation; rescue apparatus and practices; safety management plan; accident data analysis; assessment; mine lighting; mine legislation; occupational health and safety

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Mineral, economics, mine planning, systems engineering: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Mineral economics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Mineral resource classification; discounted cash flow analysis; mine valuation; mineral taxation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Mineral, economics, mine planning, systems engineering: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Mine planning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Sampling methods, practices, and interpretation; reserve estimation techniques: Basics of geostatistics and quality control; optimization of facility location; mine planning and its components, determination of mine size and mine life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Ultimate pit configuration and its determination, optimum mill cut-off grade and its determination, stop planning, design of haul road, selection of mining system vis-à-vis equipment system

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Mineral, economics, mine planning, systems engineering: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Systems engineering
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Concepts of reliability; reliability of simple systems; maintainability and availability; linear programming, transportation, and assignment problems; network analysis; inventory models; queuing theory; decision trees
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          GATE 2025 Petroleum Engineering 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          General aptitude: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Verbal aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Basic English grammar: Tenses, articles, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, verb-noun agreement, and other parts of speech
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Basic vocabulary: Words, idioms, and phrases in context
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Reading and comprehension
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Narrative sequencing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          General aptitude: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Quantitative aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Data interpretation: Data graphs (bar graphs, pie charts, and other graphs representing data), 2- and 3-dimensional plots, maps, and tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Numerical computation and estimation: Ratios, percentages, powers, exponents and logarithms, permutations and combinations, and series
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Mensuration and geometry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Elementary statistics and probability

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          General aptitude: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Analytical aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Logic: Deduction and induction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Analogy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Numerical relations and reasoning

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          General aptitude: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Spatial aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Transformation of shapes: Translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring, assembling, and grouping, paper folding, cutting, and patterns in 2 and 3 dimensions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Petroleum engineering: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Linear algebra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Matrix algebra, systems of linear equations, eigen values and eigen vectors

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Petroleum engineering: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Calculus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Functions of single variable, limit, continuity, and differentiability, Taylor series, mean value theorems, evaluation of definite and improper integrals, partial derivatives, total derivative, maxima and minima, gradient, divergence, and curl
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Vector identities, directional derivatives, line, surface, and volume integrals, Stokes, Gauss, and Green's theorems

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Petroleum engineering: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Differential equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • First order equations (linear and nonlinear), higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients, Cauchy's and Euler's equations, initial and boundary value problems, Laplace transforms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Solutions of one dimensional heat and wave equations, and Laplace equation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Petroleum engineering: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Complex variables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Complex number, polar form of complex number, triangle inequality

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Petroleum engineering: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Probability and Statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Definitions of probability and sampling theorems, conditional probability, mean, median, mode, and standard deviation, random variables, Poisson, normal, and binomial distributions, linear regression analysis

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Petroleum engineering: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Numerical methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Numerical solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Integration by trapezoidal and Simpson's rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Single and multi-step methods for numerical solution of differential equations

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Petroleum engineering: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Petroleum exploration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Classification and description of some common rocks with special reference to clastic, and nonclastic reservoir rocks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Origin, migration, and accumulation of petroleum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Petroleum exploration methods

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Petroleum engineering: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Oil and gas well drilling technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Well planning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Drilling method
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Drilling rigs rig operating systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Drilling fluids function and properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Drilling fluid maintenance equipment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Oil and gas well cementing operations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Drill bit types and their applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Drill string and casing string function, operations, selection, and design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Drilling problems, their control, and remedies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Directional drilling tools
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Directional survey
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Application of horizontal, multilateral, extended reach, slim wells

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Petroleum engineering: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Reservoir engineering
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Petrophysical properties of reservoir rocks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Coring and core analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Reservoir fluid properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Phase behaviour of hydrocarbon system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Flow of fluids through porous media
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Water and gas coning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Reservoir pressure measurements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Reservoir drives, drive mechanics, and recovery factors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Reserve estimation and techniques

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Petroleum engineering: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Petroleum production operations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Well equipments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Well completion techniques
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Well production problems and mitigation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Well servicing and work over operations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Work over and completion fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Formation damage
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Well stimulation techniques
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Artificial lift techniques
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Field processing of oil and gas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Storage and transportation of petroleum, and petroleum products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Metering and measurements oil, and gas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Production system analysis and optimization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Production testing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Multiphase flow in tubing and flow-lines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Nodal system analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Pressure vessels, storage tanks, shell and tube heat exchangers, pumps and compressors, LNG value chain

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Petroleum engineering: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Offshore drilling and production practices
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Offshore oil and gas operations, and ocean environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Offshore fixed platforms, offshore mobile units, station keeping methods like mooring and dynamic positioning system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Offshore drilling from fixed platform, jack-up, ships, and semi submersibles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Use of conductors and risers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Offshore well completion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Deep water applications of subsea technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Offshore production: Oil processing platforms, water injection platforms, storage, SPM and SBM transportation, and utilities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Deep water drilling rig
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Deep water production system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Emerging deep water technologies

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Petroleum engineering: Unit 12


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Petroleum formation evaluation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Evaluation of petrophysical of sub-surface formations: Principles applications, advantages and disadvantages of SP, resistivity, radioactive, acoustic logs, and types of tools used
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Evaluation of CBL/ VDL, USIT, SFT, RFT
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Production logging tools, principles, limitations, and applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Special type of logging tools
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Casing inspection tools (principles, applications, and limitations), formations micro scanner (FMS), NMR logging principles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Standard log interpretation methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Cross-plotting methods

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Petroleum engineering: Unit 13


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Oil and gas well testing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Diffusivity equation, derivation, and solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Radius of investigation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Principle of superposition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Horner's approximation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Drill stem testing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Pressure transient tests: Drawdown and build up-test analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Wellbore effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Multilayer reservoirs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Injection well testing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Multiple well testing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Interference testing, pulse testing, well-test analysis by use of type curves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Gas well testing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Petroleum engineering: Unit 14


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Health safety and environment in petroleum industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Health hazards in petroleum industry: toxicity, physiological, asphyxiation, respiratory and skin effect of petroleum hydrocarbons, sour gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Safety system: Manual and automatic shutdown system, blow down systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Gas detection system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Fire detection and suppression systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Personal protection system and measures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • HSE policies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Disaster and crisis management in petroleum industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Environment: Environment concepts, impact on ecosystem, air, water, and soil
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • The impact of drilling and production operations on environment, environmental transport of petroleum wastes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Offshore environmental studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Offshore oil spill and oil spill control
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Waste treatment methods

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Petroleum engineering: Unit 15


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Enhanced oil recovery techniques
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Basic principles and mechanism of EOR, screening of EOR process
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Concept of pattern flooding, recovery efficiency, permeability heterogeneity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Macroscopic and microscopic displacement efficiency
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • EOR methods: Chemical flooding, miscible flooding, thermal recoveries (steam stimulation, hot water, and steam flooding, in-situ combustion), microbial EOR

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Petroleum engineering: Unit 16


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Latest trends in petroleum engineering
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Coal bed methane, shale gas, oil shale, gas hydrate, and heavy oil
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          GATE 2025 Physics 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          General aptitude: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Verbal aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Basic English grammar: Tenses, articles, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, verb-noun agreement, and other parts of speech
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Basic vocabulary: Words, idioms, and phrases in context
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Reading and comprehension
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Narrative sequencing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          General aptitude: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Quantitative aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Data interpretation: Data graphs (bar graphs, pie charts, and other graphs representing data), 2-and 3-dimensional plots, maps, and tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Numerical computation and estimation: Ratios, percentages, powers, exponents and logarithms, permutations and combinations, and series
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Mensuration and geometry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Elementary statistics and probability

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          General aptitude: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Analytical aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Logic: Deduction and induction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Analogy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Numerical relations and reasoning

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          General aptitude: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Spatial aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Transformation of shapes: Translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring, assembling, and grouping paper folding, cutting, and patterns in 2 and 3 dimensions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Mathematical physics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Vector calculus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Linear vector space: basis, orthogonality, and completeness; matrices; similarity transformations, diagonalization, eigen values and eigen vectors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Linear differential equations: Second order linear differential equations and solutions involving special functions; complex analysis: Cauchy-Riemann conditions, Cauchy's theorem, singularities, residue theorem and applications; Laplace transform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Fourier analysis; elementary ideas about tensors: Covariant and contravariant tensors

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Classical mechanics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Lagrangian formulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • D' Alembert's principle, Euler-Lagrange equation, Hamilton's principle, calculus of variations; symmetry and conservation laws; central force motion: Kepler problem and Rutherford scattering; small oscillations: Coupled oscillations and normal modes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Rigid body dynamics: Interia tensor, orthogonal transformations, Euler angles, torque free motion of a symmetric top; Hamiltonian and Hamilton's equations of motion; Liouville's theorem; canonical transformations: Action-angle variables, Poisson brackets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Canonical transformations: Hamilton-Jacobi equation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Classical mechanics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Special theory of relativity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Lorentz transformations, relativistic kinematics, mass-energy equivalence

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Electromagnetic theory: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Method of images

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Electromagnetic theory: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Separation of variables

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Electromagnetic theory: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Dielectrics and conductors

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Electromagnetic theory: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Magnetic materials

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Electromagnetic theory: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Multipole expansion

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Electromagnetic theory: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Maxwell's equations

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Electromagnetic theory: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Scalar and vector potentials

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Electromagnetic theory: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Coulomb and Lorentz gauges

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Electromagnetic theory: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Electromagnetic waves in free space

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Electromagnetic theory: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Non-conducting and conducting media

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Electromagnetic theory: Unit 13


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Polarization of electromagnetic waves

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Electromagnetic theory: Unit 14


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Poynting vector

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Electromagnetic theory: Unit 15


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Poynting theorem

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Electromagnetic theory: Unit 16


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Energy and momentum of electromagnetic waves

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Electromagnetic theory: Unit 17


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Radiation from a moving charge

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Quantum mechanics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Postulates of quantum mechanics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Quantum mechanics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Uncertainty principle

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Quantum mechanics: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Schrodinger equation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Quantum mechanics: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Dirac Bra-Ket notation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Quantum mechanics: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                One dimensional potentials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Step potential, finite rectangular well, tunneling from a potential barrier, particle in a box, harmonic oscillator

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Quantum mechanics: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Two and three dimensional systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Concept of degeneracy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Quantum mechanics: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Hydrogen atom

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Quantum mechanics: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Angular momentum and spin

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Quantum mechanics: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Addition of angular momenta

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Quantum mechanics: Unit 12


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Time independent perturbation theory

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Quantum mechanics: Unit 13


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Elementary scattering theory

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Quantum mechanics: Unit 14


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Born approximation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Thermodynamics and statistical physics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Laws of thermodynamics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Thermodynamics and statistical physics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Macrostates and microstates

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Thermodynamics and statistical physics: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Phase space

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Thermodynamics and statistical physics: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Ensembles

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Thermodynamics and statistical physics: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Partition function

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Thermodynamics and statistical physics: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Free energy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Thermodynamics and statistical physics: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Calculation of thermodynamic quantities

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Thermodynamics and statistical physics: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Classical and quantum statistics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Thermodynamics and statistical physics: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Degenerate fermi gas

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Thermodynamics and statistical physics: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Black body radiation and Planck's distribution law

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Thermodynamics and statistical physics: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Bose-Einstein condensation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Thermodynamics and statistical physics: Unit 12


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  First and second order phase transitions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Thermodynamics and statistical physics: Unit 13


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Phase equilibrium

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Thermodynamics and statistical physics: Unit 14


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Critical point

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Atomic and molecular physics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Spectra of one-and many-electron atoms

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Atomic and molecular physics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Spin-orbit interaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Ls and jj couplings

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Atomic and molecular physics: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Fine and hyperfine structures

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Atomic and molecular physics: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Zeeman and stark effects

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Atomic and molecular physics: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Electric dipole transitions and selection rules

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Atomic and molecular physics: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Electronic transitions in diatomic molecules

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Atomic and molecular physics: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Franck-Condon principle

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Atomic and molecular physics: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Raman effect

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Atomic and molecular physics: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      EPR, NMR, ESR, X-ray spectra

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Atomic and molecular physics: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Lasers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Einstein coefficients, population inversion, two and three level systems

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Solid state physics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Elements of crystallography

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Solid state physics: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Bonding in solids

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Solid state physics: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Free electron theory

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Solid state physics: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Band theory of solids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Nearly free electron and tight binding models

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Solid state physics: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Metals, semiconductors, and insulators

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Solid state physics: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Conductivity, mobility, and effective mass

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Solid state physics: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Optical properties of solids

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Solid state physics: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Kramer's-Kronig relation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Solid state physics: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Intra-and inter-band transitions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Solid state physics: Unit 12


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Dielectric properties of solid

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Solid state physics: Unit 13


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Dielectric function

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Solid state physics: Unit 14


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Polarizability

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Solid state physics: Unit 15


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Ferroelectricity

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Solid state physics: Unit 16


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Magnetic properties of solids

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Solid state physics: Unit 18


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Domains and magnetic anisotropy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Solid state physics: Unit 19


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Superconductivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Type-I and Type II super conductors, Meissner effect, London equation, BCS theory, flux quantization

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Electronics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Semiconductors in equilibrium
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Electron and hole statistics in intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors; metal-semiconductor junctions; Ohmic and rectifying contacts; PN diodes, bipolar junction transistors, field effect transistors; negative and positive feedback circuits; oscillators
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Operational amplifiers, active filters; basics of digital logic circuits, combinational and sequential circuits, flip-flops, timers, counters, registers, A/ D and D/ A conversion

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Nuclear and particle physics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Nuclear radii and charge distributions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Nuclear and particle physics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Nuclear binding energy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Nuclear and particle physics: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Electric and magnetic moments

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Nuclear and particle physics: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Semi-empirical mass formula

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Nuclear and particle physics: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Nuclear models

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Nuclear and particle physics: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Liquid drop model

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Nuclear and particle physics: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Nuclear shell model

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Nuclear and particle physics: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Nuclear force and two nucleon problem

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Nuclear and particle physics: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Alpha decay

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Nuclear and particle physics: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Beta-decay

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Nuclear and particle physics: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Electromagnetic transitions in nuclei

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Nuclear and particle physics: Unit 12


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Rutherford scattering

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Nuclear and particle physics: Unit 13


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Nuclear reactions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Nuclear and particle physics: Unit 14


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Conservation laws

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Nuclear and particle physics: Unit 15


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Fission and fusion

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Nuclear and particle physics: Unit 16


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Particle accelerators and detectors

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Nuclear and particle physics: Unit 17


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Elementary particles

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Nuclear and particle physics: Unit 18


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Photons, baryons, mesons, and leptons

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Nuclear and particle physics: Unit 19


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Quark model

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Nuclear and particle physics: Unit 20


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Isospin symmetry

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Nuclear and particle physics: Unit 21


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Charge conjugation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Nuclear and particle physics: Unit 22


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Parity and time-reversal invariance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                GATE 2025 Production and Industrial Engineering 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                General aptitude: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Verbal aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Basic English grammar: Tenses, articles, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, verb-noun agreement, and other parts of speech
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Basic vocabulary: Words, idioms, and phrases in context
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Reading and comprehension
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Narrative sequencing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                General aptitude: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Quantitative aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Data interpretation: Data graphs (bar graphs, pie charts, and other graphs representing data), 2- and 3-dimensional plots, maps, and tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Numerical computation and estimation: Ratios, percentages, powers, exponents and logarithms, permutations and combinations, and series
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Mensuration and geometry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Elementary statistics and probability

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                General aptitude: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Analytical aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Logic: Deduction and induction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Analogy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Numerical relations and reasoning

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                General aptitude: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Spatial aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Transformation of shapes: Translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring, assembling, and grouping, paper folding, cutting, and patterns in 2 and 3 dimensions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Engineering mathematics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Linear algebra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Matrix algebra, systems of linear equations, eigen values and eigen vectors

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Engineering mathematics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Calculus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Functions of single variable, limit, continuity, and differentiability, mean value theorems, evaluation of definite and improper integrals, partial derivatives, total derivative, maxima and minima, gradient, divergence and curl, vector identities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Directional derivatives; line, surface and volume integrals; Stokes, Gauss and Green's theorems

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Engineering mathematics: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Differential equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • First order equations (linear and nonlinear), higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients, Cauchy's and Euler's equations, initial and boundary value problems, Laplace transforms

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Engineering mathematics: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Complex variables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Analytic functions, Cauchy's integral theorem, Taylor series

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Engineering mathematics: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Probability and Statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Definitions of probability and sampling theorems, conditional probability, mean, median, mode and standard deviation, linear regression, random variables, Poisson, normal, binomial and exponential distributions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Engineering mathematics: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Numerical methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Numerical solutions of linear and nonlinear algebraic equations, integration by trapezoidal and Simpson's rules, single and multi-step methods for differential equations

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                General engineering: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Engineering materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Structure, physical, and mechanical properties, and applications of common engineering materials (metals and alloys, semiconductors, ceramics, polymers, and composites-metal, polymer and ceramic based); iron-carbon equilibrium phase diagram
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Heat treatment of metals and alloys and its influence on mechanical properties; stress-strain behavior of metals and alloys

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                General engineering: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Applied mechanics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Engineering mechanics-equivalent force systems, free body concepts, equations of equilibrium; trusses; strength of materials-stress, strain, and their relationship; failure theories; Mohr's circle (stress); deflection of beams, bending and shear stresses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Euler's theory of columns; thick and thin cylinders; torsion

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                General engineering: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Theory of machines and design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Analysis of planar mechanisms, cams and followers; governors and fly wheels; design of bolted, riveted and welded joints; interference/ shrink fit joints; friction and lubrication; design of shafts, keys, couplings, spur gears, belt drives
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Brakes and clutches; pressure vessels

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                General engineering: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Thermal and fluids engineering
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Fluid mechanics-fluid statics, Bernoulli's equation, flow through pipes, laminar and turbulent flows, equations of continuity and momentum, capillary action; dimensional analysis; thermodynamics-zeroth, first and second laws of thermodynamics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Thermodynamic systems and processes, calculation of work and heat for systems and control volumes; air standard cycles; heat transfer-basic applications of conduction, convection and radiation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Manufacturing processes-I: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Casting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Types of casting processes and applications; sand casting: Patterns-types, materials and allowances; molds and cores-materials, making, and testing; design of gating system and riser
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Casting techniques of cast iron, steels, and nonferrous metals and alloys; analysis of solidification and microstructure development; other casting techniques: pressure die casting, centrifugal casting, investment casting, shell mold casting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Casting defects and their inspection by non-destructive testing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Manufacturing processes-I: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Metal forming
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Stress-strain relations in elastic and plastic deformation; Von Mises and Tresca yield criteria, concept of flow stress; hot, warm, and cold working; bulk forming processes-forging, rolling, extrusion and wire drawing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Sheet metal working processes-blanking, punching, bending, stretch forming, spinning and deep drawing; ideal work and slab analysis; defects in metal working and their causes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Manufacturing processes-I: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Joining of materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Classification of joining processes; principles of fusion welding processes using different heat sources (flame, arc, resistance, laser, electron beam), heat transfer and associated losses; arc welding processes-SMAW, GMAW, GTAW, plasma arc
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Submerged arc welding processes; principles of solid state welding processes-friction welding, friction stir welding, ultrasonic welding; welding defects-causes and inspection; principles of adhesive joining, brazing and soldering processes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Manufacturing processes-I: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Powder processing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Production of metal/ ceramic powders, compaction and sintering of metals and ceramic powders, cold and hot isostatic pressing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Manufacturing processes-I: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Polymers and composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Polymer processing-injection, compression and blow molding, extrusion, calendaring and thermoforming; molding of composites

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Manufacturing processes-II: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Machining
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Orthogonal and oblique machining, single point cutting tool and tool signature, chip formation, cutting forces, Merchant's analysis, specific cutting energy and power; machining parameters and material removal rate; tool materials, tool wear and tool life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Thermal aspects of machining, cutting fluids, machinability; economics of machining; machining processes-turning, taper turning, thread cutting, drilling, boring, milling, gear cutting, thread production
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Finishing processes-grinding, honing, lapping and super-finishing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Manufacturing processes-II: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Machine tools
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Lathe, milling, drilling and shaping machines-construction and kinematics; jigs and fixtures-principles, applications, and design

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Manufacturing processes-II: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Advanced manufacturing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Principles and applications of USM, AJM, WJM, AWJM, EDM and Wire EDM, LBM, EBM, PAM, CHM, ECM; effect of process parameters on material removal rate, surface roughness and power consumption; additive manufacturing techniques

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Manufacturing processes-II: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Computer integrated manufacturing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Basic concepts of CAD and CAM, geometric modeling, CNC; automation in manufacturing; industrial robots-configurations, drives and controls; cellular manufacturing and FMS-group technology, CAPP

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Quality and reliability: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Metrology and inspection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Accuracy and precision; types of errors; limits, fits and tolerances; gauge design, interchangeability, selective assembly
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Linear, angular, and form measurements (straightness, flatness, roundness, runout and cylindricity) by mechanical and optical methods; inspection of screw threads and gears; surface roughness measurement by contact and non-contact methods

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Quality and reliability: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Quality management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Quality-concept and costs; statistical quality control-process capability analysis, control charts for variables and attributes and acceptance sampling; six sigma; total quality management; quality assurance and certification-ISO 9000, ISO14000

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Quality and reliability: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Reliability and maintenance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Reliability, availability and maintainability; distribution of failure and repair times; determination of MTBF and MTTR, reliability models; determination of system reliability; preventive and predictive maintenance and replacement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Total productive maintenance

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Industrial engineering: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Product design and development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Principles of product design, tolerance design; quality and cost considerations; product life cycle; standardization, simplification, diversification; value engineering and analysis; concurrent engineering; design for “X”

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Industrial engineering: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Work system design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Taylor's scientific management, Gilbreths's contributions; productivity-concepts and measurements; method study, micro-motion study, principles of motion economy; work measurement-time study, work sampling, standard data, PMTS; ergonomics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Job evaluation and merit rating

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Industrial engineering: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Facility design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Facility location factors and evaluation of alternate locations; types of plant layout and their evaluation; computer aided layout design techniques; assembly line balancing; materials handling systems

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Operations research and operations management: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Operation research
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Linear programming-problem formulation, simplex method, duality and sensitivity analysis; transportation and assignment models; integer programming; constrained and unconstrained nonlinear optimization; Markovian queuing models
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Simulation-manufacturing applications

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Operations research and operations management: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Engineering economy and costing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Elementary cost accounting and methods of depreciation; break-even analysis; techniques for evaluation of capital investments; financial statements; activity based costing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Operations research and operations management: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Production control
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Forecasting techniques-causal and time series models, moving average, exponential smoothing, trend and seasonality; aggregate production planning; master production scheduling; MRP, MRP-II and ERP; routing, scheduling and priority dispatching
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Push and pull production systems, concepts of Lean and JIT manufacturing systems; logistics, distribution, and supply chain management; inventory-functions, costs, classifications, deterministic inventory models, quantity discount
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Perpetual and periodic inventory control systems

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Operations research and operations management: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Project management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Scheduling techniques-Gantt chart, CPM, PERT and GERT
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                GATE 2025 Statistics 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                General aptitude: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Verbal aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Basic English grammar: Tenses, articles, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, verb-noun agreement, and other parts of speech
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Basic vocabulary: Words, idioms, and phrases in context
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Reading and comprehension
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Narrative sequencing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                General aptitude: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Quantitative aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Data interpretation: Data graphs (bar graphs, pie charts, and other graphs representing data), 2- and 3-dimensional plots, maps, and tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Numerical computation and estimation: Ratios, percentages, powers, exponents and logarithms, permutations and combinations, and series
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Mensuration and geometry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Elementary statistics and probability

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                General aptitude: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Analytical aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Logic: Deduction and induction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Analogy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Numerical relations and reasoning

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                General aptitude: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Spatial aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Transformation of shapes: Translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring, assembling, and grouping, paper folding, cutting, and patterns in 2 and 3 dimensions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Statistics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Calculus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Finite, countable and uncountable sets; real number system as a complete ordered field, Archimedean property; sequences of real numbers, convergence of sequences, bounded sequences, monotonic sequences, Cauchy criterion for convergence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Series of real numbers, convergence, tests of convergence, alternating series, absolute and conditional convergence; power series and radius of convergence; functions of a real variable: Limit, continuity, monotone functions, uniform continuity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Differentiability, Rolle's theorem, mean value theorems, Taylor's theorem, L’ hospital rules, maxima and minima, Riemann integration and its properties, improper integrals; functions of several real variables: Limit, continuity, partial derivatives
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Directional derivatives, gradient, Taylor's theorem, total derivative, maxima and minima, saddle point, method of Lagrange multipliers, double and triple integrals and their applications

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Statistics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Matrix theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Subspaces of Rⁿ and Cⁿ, span, linear independence, basis and dimension, row space and column space of a matrix, rank and nullity, row reduced echelon form, trace, and determinant, inverse of a matrix, systems of linear equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Inner products in Rⁿ and Cⁿ, Gram-Schmidt orthonormalization; eigen values and eigen vectors, characteristic polynomial, Cayley-Hamilton theorem, symmetric, skew-symmetric, Hermitian, skew-Hermitian, orthogonal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Unitary matrices and their eigen values, change of basis matrix, equivalence and similarity, diagonalizability, positive definite and positive semi-definite matrices and their properties, quadratic forms, singular value decomposition

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Statistics: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Probability
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Axiomatic definition of probability, properties of probability function, conditional probability, Baye's theorem, independence of events; random variables and their distributions, distribution function, probability mass function
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Probability density function and their properties, expectation, moments and moment generating function, quantiles, distribution of functions of a random variable, Chebyshev, Markov, and Jensen inequalities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Standard discrete and continuous univariate distributions: Bernoulli, binomial, geometric, negative binomial, hypergeometric, discrete uniform, Poisson, continuous uniform, exponential, gamma, beta, Weibull, normal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Jointly distributed random variables and their distribution functions, probability mass function, probability density function, and their properties, marginal and conditional distributions, conditional expectation and moments, product moments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Simple correlation coefficient, joint moment generating function, independence of random variables, functions of random vector and their distributions, distributions of order statistics, joint and marginal distributions of order statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Multinomial distribution, bivariate normal distribution, sampling distributions: Central, chi-square, central t, and central F distributions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Convergence in distribution, convergence in probability, convergence almost surely, convergence in r-th mean and their inter-relations, Slutsky's lemma, Borel-Cantelli lemma; weak and strong laws of large numbers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Central limit theorem for IID random variables, delta method

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Statistics: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Stochastic processes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Markov chains with finite and countable state space, classification of states, limiting behaviour of n-step transition probabilities, stationary distribution, Poisson process, birth-and-death process, pure-birth process, pure-death process
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Brownian motion and its basic properties

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Statistics: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Estimation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Sufficiency, minimal sufficiency, factorization theorem, completeness, completeness of exponential families, ancillary statistic, Basu's theorem and its applications, unbiased estimation, uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Rao-Blackwell theorem, Lehmann-Scheffe theorem, Cramer-Rao inequality, consistent estimators, method of moments estimators, method of maximum likelihood estimators, and their properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Interval estimation: Pivotal quantities and confidence intervals based on them, coverage probability

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Statistics: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Testing of hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Neyman-Pearson lemma, most powerful tests, monotone likelihood ratio (MLR) property, uniformly most powerful tests, uniformly most powerful tests for families having MLR property, uniformly most powerful unbiased tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Uniformly most powerful unbiased tests for exponential families, likelihood ratio tests, large sample tests

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Statistics: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Non-parametric statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Empirical distribution function and its properties, goodness of fit tests, chi-square test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, sign test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, Mann-Whitney U-test, rank correlation coefficients of Spearman and Kendall

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Statistics: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Multivariate analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Multivariate normal distribution: Properties, conditional, and marginal distributions, maximum likelihood estimation of mean vector and dispersion matrix, hotelling’s T² test, Wishart distribution and its basic properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Multiple and partial correlation coefficients, and their basic properties

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Statistics: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Regression analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Simple and multiple linear regression, R² and adjusted R², and their applications, distributions of quadratic forms of random vectors: Fisher-Cochran theorem, Gauss-Markov theorem, tests for regression coefficients, confidence intervals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                GATE 2025 Textile Engineering and Fibre Science 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                General aptitude: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Verbal aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Basic English grammar: Tenses, articles, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, verb-noun agreement, and other parts of speech
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Basic vocabulary: Words, idioms, and phrases in context
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Reading and comprehension
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Narrative sequencing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                General aptitude: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Quantitative aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Data interpretation: Data graphs (bar graphs, pie charts, and other graphs representing data), 2- and 3-dimensional plots, maps, and tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Numerical computation and estimation: Ratios, percentages, powers, exponents and logarithms, permutations and combinations, and series
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Mensuration and geometry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Elementary statistics and probability

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                General aptitude: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Analytical aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Logic: Deduction and induction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Analogy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Numerical relations and reasoning

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                General aptitude: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Spatial aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Transformation of shapes: Translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring, assembling, and grouping, paper folding, cutting, and patterns in 2 and 3 dimensions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Engineering mathematics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Linear algebra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Matrices and determinants; systems of linear equations; eigen values and eigen vectors

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Engineering mathematics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Calculus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Limit, continuity, and differentiability; successive differentiation; partial differentiation; maxima and minima; errors and approximations; definite and improper integrals; sequences and series; test for convergence; power series; Taylor series

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Engineering mathematics: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Differential equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • First order linear and non-linear differential equations; higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients; Euler-Cauchy equation; partial differential equations; wave and heat equations; Laplace’s equation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Engineering mathematics: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Probability and Statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Random variables; Poisson, binomial, and normal distributions; mean, mode, median, standard deviation; confidence interval; test of hypothesis; correlation analysis; regression analysis; analysis of variance; control charts

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Engineering mathematics: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Numerical methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Numerical solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equations; numerical integration by trapezoidal and Simpson’s rules; single-step and multi-step numerical methods for differential equations

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Textile engineering and fibre science: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Textile fibers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Classification of textile fibres; essential requirements of fibre forming polymers; gross and fine structures of natural fibres like cotton, wool, silk; introduction to bastfibres
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Properties and uses of natural and man-made fibres including carbon, aramid and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibres; physical and chemical methods of fibre and blend identification and blend analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Molecular architecture, amorphous and crystalline phases, glass transition, plasticization, crystallization, melting, factors affecting Tg and Tm; polymerization of nylon-6, nylon-66, poly (ethylene terephthalate), polyacrylonitrile and polypropylene
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Melt spinning processes for PET, polyamide and polypropylene; preparation of spinning dope; principles of wet spinning, dry spinning, dry-jet-wet spinning and gel spinning; spinning of acrylic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Viscose and other regenerated cellulosic fibres such as polynosic and lyocell; post spinning operations such as drawing, heat setting, tow-to-top conversion; spin finish composition and applications; different texturing methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Methods of investigating fibre structure such as density, X-ray diffraction, birefringence, optical and electron microscopy such as SEM and TEM, I.R. spectroscopy, thermal methods such as DSC, DMA, TMA and TGA; structure and morphology of man-made fibres
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Mechanical properties of fibres; moisture sorption of fibres; fibre structure-property correlation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Textile engineering and fibre science: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Yarn manufacture, yarn structure, and properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Principles of ginning; principles of opening, cleaning and blending; working principles of modern blowroom machines; fundamentals of carding; conventional vs. modern carding machine; card setting; card clothing; periodic mass variation in card sliver
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Card autoleveller; principles of roller drawing; roller arrangements in drafting systems; periodic mass variation in drawn sliver; draw frame auto leveller; principles of cotton combing; combing cycle and mechanisms; recent developments in combing machine
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Principles of drafting, twisting, and bobbin building in roving formation; modern developments in roving machine; principles of drafting, twisting and cop building in ring spinning; causes of end breakages; modern developments in ring spinning machine
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Working principles of ring doubler and two-for-one twister; relationship between single yarn twist and folded yarn twist; principles of compact, rotor, air-jet, air-vortex, friction, core, wrap and twist-less spinning processes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Influence of fibre geometry, fibre configuration and fibre orientation in yarn; fibre packing density of yarn; yarn diameter; yarn twist and its relation to yarn strength; helical arrangement of fibres in yarns; yarn contraction; fibre migration in yarns
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Stress-strain relation in yarn; mass irregularity of yarn; structure-property relationship in ring, compact, rotor, air-jet and friction spun yarns

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Textile engineering and fibre science: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Fabric manufacture, structure, and properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Principles of winding processes; classification of winding methods; patterning mechanism; yarn clearers and tensioners; different systems of yarn splicing; warping objectives and classification; different types of warping creels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Features of beam and sectional warping machines; different sizing systems; sizing of spun and filament yarns; drawing-in process; principles of pirn winding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Primary and secondary motions of loom; shedding motion; positive and negative shedding mechanisms; type of sheds; tappet, dobby and jacquard shedding; weft insertion; mechanics of weft insertion with shuttle; shuttle picking and checking; beat-up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Kinematics of sley; loom timing diagram; cam designing; effect of sley setting and cam profile on fabric formation; take-up and let-off motions; warp and weft stop motions; warp protection; weft replenishment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Principles of weft insertion systems of shuttle-less weaving machinessuch as projectile, rapier, water-jet and air-jet; principles of functioning of multiphase and circular looms; types of selvedges
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Basic woven fabric constructions and their derivatives; crepe, cord, terry, gauze, leno and double cloth constructions; drawing and lifting plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Fundamentals of weft knitting; classification of weft knitting technologies; weft knitted constructions such as plain, rib, interlock and purl; different knit stitches such as loop, tuck and float
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Principle of warp knitting; classification of warp knitting technologies; swinging and shogging motion of guide bar; basic warp knit construction such aspillar, tricot, atlas, inlay and nets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Fibre preparation processes for non wovens; web formation and bonding processes; spun-bonding and melt-blowing technologies; applications of nonwoven fabrics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Principles of braiding; type of braids; Maypole braiding technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Peirce's equations for plain woven fabric geometry; elastica model of plain-woven fabric; thickness, cover and maximum set of woven fabrics; geometry of plain weft knitted loop; Munden's constants and tightness factor for plain weft knitted fabrics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Geometry of tubular braids

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Textile engineering and fibre science: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Textile testing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Sampling techniques for fibres, yarns and fabrics; sample size and sampling errors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Moisture in textiles; fibre length, fineness, crimp, maturity and trash content; tensile testing of fibres; high volume fibre testing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Linear density of sliver, roving and yarn; twist and hairiness of yarn; tensile testing of yarns; evenness testing; fault measurement and analysis of yarns
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Fabric thickness, compressibility, stiffness, shear, drape, crease recovery, tear strength, bursting strength, pilling and abrasion resistance; tensile testing of fabrics; objective evaluation of low stress mechanical characteristics; air permeability
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wetting and wicking; water-vapour transmission through fabrics; thermal resistance of fabrics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Textile engineering and fibre science: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Chemical processing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Impurities in natural fibre; singeing; chemistry and practice of preparatory processes for cotton; preparatory processing of wool and silk; mercerization of cotton; preparatory processes for manmade fibres and their blends; optical brightening agent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Classification of dyes; dyeing of cotton, wool, silk, polyester, nylon and acrylic with appropriate classes of dyes; dyeing of polyester/ cotton and polyester/ wool blends; dyeing machines; dyeing processes and machines for cotton knitted fabrics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Dye-fibre interaction; introduction to thermodynamics and kinetics of dyeing; brief idea about the relation between colour and chemical constitution; Beer-Lambert's law; Kubelka-Munk theory and its application in colour measurement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Methods for determination of wash, light and rubbing fastness
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Methods of printing such as roller printing and screen printing; preparation of printing paste; various types of thickeners; printing auxiliaries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Direct styles of printing of-(i) cotton with reactive dyes, (ii) wool, silk, nylon with acid and metal complex dyes, (iii) polyester with disperse dyes; resist and discharge printing of cotton, silk and polyester; pigment printing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Transfer printing of polyester; inkjet printing; printing faults
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Mechanical finishing of cotton; stiff, soft, wrinkle resistant, water repellent, flame retardant and enzyme (bio-polishing) finishing of cotton; milling, decatizing and shrink resistant finishing of wool; antistatic and soil release finishing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Heat setting of synthetic fabrics; minimum application techniques
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Pollution control and treatment of effluents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                GATE 2025 Ecology and Evolution 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                General aptitude: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Verbal aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Basic English grammar: Tenses, articles, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, verb-noun agreement, and other parts of speech
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Basic vocabulary: Words, idioms, and phrases in context
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Reading and comprehension
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Narrative sequencing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                General aptitude: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Quantitative aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Data interpretation: Data graphs (bar graphs, pie charts, and other graphs representing data), 2- and 3-dimensional plots, maps, and tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Numerical computation and estimation: Ratios, percentages, powers, exponents and logarithms, permutations and combinations, and series
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Mensuration and geometry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Elementary statistics and probability

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                General aptitude: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Analytical aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Logic: Deduction and induction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Analogy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Numerical relations and reasoning

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                General aptitude: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Spatial aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Transformation of shapes: Translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring, assembling, and grouping, paper folding, cutting, and patterns in 2 and 3 dimensions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Ecology: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Fundamental concepts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Abiotic and biotic components; scales (population, species, community, ecosystems, biomes); niches and habitats

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Ecology: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Population ecology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Population growth rates (density dependent/ independent); metapopulation ecology (colonization, persistence, extinction, patches, sources, sinks); age-structured populations

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Ecology: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Interactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Types (mutualism, symbiosis, commensalism, competition, parasitism, predation, etc); ecophysiology (physiological adaptations to abiotic environment); prey-predator interactions (Lotka-Voltera equation etc)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Ecology: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Community ecology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Community assembly, organization, and succession; species richness, evenness, and diversity indices, species-area relationships; theory of island biogeography

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Ecology: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Ecosystems structure and function
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Trophic levels and their interactions; nutrient cycles; primary and secondary productivity

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Evolution: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                History of evolutionary thought
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Lamarckism; Darwinism; modern synthesis

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Evolution: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Fundamentals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Variation; heritability; natural selection; fitness and adaptation; types of selection (stabilizing, directional, disruptive)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Evolution: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Diversity of life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Origin and history of life on earth; diversity and classification of life; systems of classification (cladistics and phenetics)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Evolution: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Life history strategies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Allocation of resources; tradeoffs; r/K selection; semelparity and iteroparity

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Evolution: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Interactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Coevolution (coadaptations, arms race, red queen hypothesis, cospeciation); prey-predator interactions (mimicry, crypsis, etc)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Evolution: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Population and quantitative genetics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Origins of genetic variation; Mendelian genetics; Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium; drift; selection (one-locus two-alleles model); population genetic structure (panmixia, gene flow, FST); polygenic traits; gene-environment interactions (phenotypic plasticity)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Heritability

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Evolution: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Molecular evolution and phylogenetics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Neutral theory; molecular clocks; rates of evolution; phylogenetic reconstruction; molecular systematics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Evolution: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Macroevolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Species concepts and speciation; adaptive radiation; convergence; biogeography

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Mathematics and quantitative ecology: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Mathematics and statistics in ecology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Simple functions (linear, quadratic, exponential, logarithmic, etc); concept of derivatives and slope of a function; permutations and combinations; basic probability (probability of random events; sequences of events, etc)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Frequency distributions and their descriptive statistics (mean, variance, coefficient of variation, correlation, etc)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Mathematics and quantitative ecology: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Statistical hypothesis testing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Concept of p-value; type I and type II error, test statistics like t-test and chi-square test; basics of linear regression and ANOVA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Behavioural ecology: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Classical ethology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Instinct; fixed action patters; imprinting; learnt behaviour; proximate and ultimate questions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Behavioural ecology: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Sensory ecology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Neuroethology; communication (chemical, acoustic, and visual signaling); recognition systems

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Behavioural ecology: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Foraging ecology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Foraging behaviour; optimal foraging theory

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Behavioural ecology: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Reproduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Cost of sex; sexual dimorphism; mate choice; sexual selection (runaway selection, good-genes, handicap principle, etc); sexual conflict; mating systems; parental care

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Behavioural ecology: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Social living
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Costs and benefits of group-living (including responses to predators); effect of competition (scramble and contest) on group formation; dominance relationships; eusociality; kin selection; altruism; reciprocity; human behaviour

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Applied ecology and evolution: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Biodiversity and conservation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Importance of conserving biodiversity; ecosystem services; threats to biodiversity; invasive species; in-situ conservation (endemism, biodiversity hotspots, protected areas); ex-situ conservation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Conservation genetics (genetic diversity, inbreeding depression); DNA fingerprinting and DNA barcoding

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Applied ecology and evolution: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Disease ecology and evolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Epidemiology; zoonotic diseases; antibiotic resistance; vector control

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Applied ecology and evolution: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Plant and animal breeding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Marker assisted breeding; genetic basis of economically important traits

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Applied ecology and evolution: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Global climate change
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Causes; consequences; mitigation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                GATE 2025 XE Engineering Mathematics 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Linear algebra: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Algebra of real matrices
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Determinant, inverse, and rank of a matrix; system of linear equations (conditions for unique solution, no solution, and infinite number of solutions); eigen values and eigen vectors of matrices
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Properties of eigen values and eigen vectors of symmetric matrices, diagonalization of matrices; Cayley-Hamilton theorem

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Calculus: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Functions of single variable
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Limit, indeterminate forms and L' hospital's rule; continuity and differentiability; mean value theorems; maxima and minima; Taylor's theorem; fundamental theorem and mean value theorem of integral calculus; evaluation of definite and improper integrals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Applications of definite integrals to evaluate areas and volumes (rotation of a curve about an axis)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Calculus: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Functions of two variables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Limit, continuity, and partial derivatives; directional derivative; total derivative; maxima, minima, and saddle points; method of Lagrange multipliers; double integrals and their applications

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Calculus: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Sequences and series
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Convergence of sequences and series; tests of convergence of series with non-negative terms (ratio, root, and integral tests); power series; Taylor's series; Fourier series of functions of period 2π

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Vector calculus: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Gradient, divergence, and curl

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Vector calculus: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Line integrals and Green's theorem

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Complex variables: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Complex numbers

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Complex variables: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      De Moivre's theorem

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Complex variables: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Analytic functions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Complex variables: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Cauchy-Riemann equations

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Ordinary differential equations: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            First order equations (linear and nonlinear)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Ordinary differential equations: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Cauchy-Euler equation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Ordinary differential equations: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Wronskian

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Ordinary differential equations: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Method of variation of parameters

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ordinary differential equations: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Power series solutions for ordinary points

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Partial differential equations: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Method of separation of variables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • One dimensional heat equation and two dimensional Laplace equation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Probability and statistics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Axioms of probability

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Probability and statistics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Conditional probability

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Probability and statistics: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Baye's theorem

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Probability and statistics: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Binomial, Poisson, and normal distributions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Probability and statistics: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Correlation and linear regression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                GATE 2025 XE Fluid Mechanics 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Flow and fluid properties: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Fluid properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Density, viscosity, surface tension, relationship between stress and strain-rate for Newtonian fluids

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Flow and fluid properties: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Classification of flows
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Viscous versus inviscid flows, incompressible versus compressible flows, internal versus external flows, steady versus unsteady flows, laminar versus turbulent flows, 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D flows, Newtonian versus non-Newtonian fluid flow

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Flow and fluid properties: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Hydrostatics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Buoyancy, manometry, forces on submerged bodies and its stability

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Kinematics of fluid motion: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Eulerian and Lagrangian descriptions of fluid motion

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Kinematics of fluid motion: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Streamline, streakline, pathline, and timeline

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Integral analysis for a control volume: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Reynolds transport theorem (RTT) for conservation of mass

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Integral analysis for a control volume: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Linear and angular momentum

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Differential analysis: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Inviscid flows

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Differential analysis: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Euler equations and viscous flows

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Differential analysis: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Navier-Stokes equations

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Differential analysis: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Concept of fluid rotation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Differential analysis: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Vorticity

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Differential analysis: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Stream function and circulation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Differential analysis: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Thin film flow

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Dimensional analysis: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Buckingham Pi theorem and its applications

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Dimensional analysis: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Non-dimensional parameters and their physical significance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Reynolds number, Froude number, and Mach number

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Internal flows: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Fully developed pipe flow

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Internal flows: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Empirical relations for laminar and turbulent flows
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Friction factor, Darcy-Weisbach relation, and Moody's chart

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Internal flows: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Major and minor losses

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Bernoulli's equation and its applications, potential flows: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Bernoulli's equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Assumptions and applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Flow measurements-Venturi meter, Pitot-static tube, and orifice meter

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Bernoulli's equation and its applications, potential flows: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Elementary potential flows
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Velocity potential function
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Uniform flow, source, sink and vortex, and their superposition for flow past simple geometries

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            External flows: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Prandtl boundary layer equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Concept and assumptions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            External flows: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Boundary layer characteristics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Boundary layer thickness, displacement thickness, and momentum thickness
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE 2025 XE Materials Science 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Classification and structure of materials: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Classification of materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Classification and structure of materials: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Nature of bonding in materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Metallic, ionic, covalent, and mixed bonding; structure of materials: Fundamentals of crystallography, symmetry operations, crystal systems, Bravais lattices, unit cells, primitive cells, crystallographic planes and directions; structures of metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Ceramics, polymers, amorphous materials, and glasses

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Classification and structure of materials: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Defects in crystalline materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 0-D, 1-D and 2-D defects; vacancies, interstitials, solid solutions in metals and ceramics, Frenkel and Schottky defects; dislocations; grain boundaries, twins, stacking faults; surfaces and interfaces

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Thermodynamics, kinetics, and phase transformations: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Extensive and intensive thermodynamic properties

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Thermodynamics, kinetics, and phase transformations: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Laws of thermodynamics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Thermodynamics, kinetics, and phase transformations: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Phase equilibrium

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Thermodynamics, kinetics, and phase transformations: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Phase rule

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Thermodynamics, kinetics, and phase transformations: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Phase diagrams (unary and binary)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Thermodynamics, kinetics, and phase transformations: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Basic electrochemistry

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Thermodynamics, kinetics, and phase transformations: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Reaction kinetics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Thermodynamics, kinetics, and phase transformations: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Fundamentals of diffusion

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Thermodynamics, kinetics, and phase transformations: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Fick's laws, their solutions and applications

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Thermodynamics, kinetics, and phase transformations: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Solidification of pure metals and alloys

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Thermodynamics, kinetics, and phase transformations: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Nucleation and growth

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Thermodynamics, kinetics, and phase transformations: Unit 12


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Diffusional solid-state phase transformations (precipitation and eutectoid)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Thermodynamics, kinetics, and phase transformations: Unit 13


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Martensitic transformation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Properties and applications of materials: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Stress-strain response (elastic, anelastic, and plastic deformation)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Properties and applications of materials: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Electronic properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Free electron theory, Fermi energy, density of states, elements of band theory, semiconductors, Hall effect, dielectric behaviour, piezo- and ferro-electric behaviour

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Properties and applications of materials: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Magnetic properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Origin of magnetism in materials, para-, dia-, ferro-, and ferri-magnetism

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Properties and applications of materials: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Thermal properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Specific heat, heat conduction, thermal diffusivity, thermal expansion, and thermoelectricity

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Properties and applications of materials: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Optical properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Refractive index, absorption and transmission of electromagnetic radiation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Characterization and measurements of properties: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        X-ray diffraction

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Characterization and measurements of properties: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Spectroscopic techniques such as UV-Vis, IR, and Raman

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Characterization and measurements of properties: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Optical microscopy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Characterization and measurements of properties: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Electron microscopy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Characterization and measurements of properties: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Composition analysis in electron microscopes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Characterization and measurements of properties: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Tensile test

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Characterization and measurements of properties: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Hardness measurement

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Characterization and measurements of properties: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Electrical conductivity

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Characterization and measurements of properties: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Carrier mobility and concentrations

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Characterization and measurements of properties: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Thermal analysis techniques
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Thermogravimetry and calorimetry

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Processing of materials: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Heat treatment of ferrous and aluminium alloys

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Processing of materials: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Preparation of ceramic powders, sintering

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Processing of materials: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Thin film deposition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Evaporation and sputtering techniques, and chemical vapour deposition, thin film growth phenomena

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Degradation of materials: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Corrosion and its prevention

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Degradation of materials: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Embrittlement of metals

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Degradation of materials: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Polymer degradation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    GATE 2025 XE Solid Mechanics 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Mechanics of rigid bodies: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Equivalent force systems

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Mechanics of rigid bodies: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Free-body diagrams

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Mechanics of rigid bodies: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Equilibrium equations

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Mechanics of rigid bodies: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Analysis of determinate trusses and frames

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Mechanics of rigid bodies: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Friction

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Mechanics of rigid bodies: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Principle of minimum potential energy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Mechanics of rigid bodies: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Particle kinematics and dynamics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Mechanics of rigid bodies: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Dynamics of rigid bodies under planar motion

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Mechanics of rigid bodies: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Law of conservation of energy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Mechanics of rigid bodies: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Law of conservation of momentum

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Mechanics of deformable bodies: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Stresses and strains

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Mechanics of deformable bodies: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Transformation of stresses and strains

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Mechanics of deformable bodies: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Principal stresses and strains

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Mechanics of deformable bodies: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Mohr's circle for plane stress and plane strain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Free vibration of undamped single degree of freedom systems

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Mechanics of deformable bodies: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Generalized Hooke's law

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Mechanics of deformable bodies: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Elastic constants

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Mechanics of deformable bodies: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Thermal stresses

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Mechanics of deformable bodies: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Theories of failure

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Mechanics of deformable bodies: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Axial force, shear force, and bending moment diagrams

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Mechanics of deformable bodies: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Axial, shear, and bending stresses

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Mechanics of deformable bodies: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Combined stresses

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Mechanics of deformable bodies: Unit 12


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Deflection (for symmetric bending)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Mechanics of deformable bodies: Unit 13


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Torsion in circular shafts

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Mechanics of deformable bodies: Unit 14


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Thin walled pressure vessels

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Mechanics of deformable bodies: Unit 15


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Energy methods (Castigliano's theorems)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Mechanics of deformable bodies: Unit 16


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Euler buckling
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      GATE 2025 XE Thermodynamics 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Basic concepts: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Continuum and macroscopic approach

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Basic concepts: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        State of a system

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Basic concepts: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          State diagrams

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Basic concepts: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Concepts of heat and work

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Basic concepts: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Different modes of work

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Basic concepts: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Zeroth law of thermodynamics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Basic concepts: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Concept of temperature

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    First law of thermodynamics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Concept of energy and various forms of energy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      First law of thermodynamics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Internal energy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        First law of thermodynamics: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Enthalpy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          First law of thermodynamics: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Specific heats

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            First law of thermodynamics: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            First law applied to elementary processes

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Closed systems and control volumes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                First law of thermodynamics: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Steady and unsteady flow analysis

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Second law of thermodynamics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Limitations of the first law of thermodynamics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Second law of thermodynamics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Concepts of heat engines and heat pumps/ refrigerators

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Second law of thermodynamics: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Reversible and irreversible processes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Second law of thermodynamics: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Carnot cycle and Carnot principles/ theorems

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Second law of thermodynamics: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Thermodynamic temperature scale

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Second law of thermodynamics: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Clausius inequality and concept of entropy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Second law of thermodynamics: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Microscopic interpretation of entropy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Second law of thermodynamics: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                The principle of increase of entropy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Second law of thermodynamics: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  T-s diagrams

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Second law of thermodynamics: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Second law analysis of control volume

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Second law of thermodynamics: Unit 12


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Availability and irreversibility

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Second law of thermodynamics: Unit 13


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Third law of thermodynamics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Properties of pure substances: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          P-v-T behaviour of simple compressible substances

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Properties of pure substances: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Phase rule

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Properties of pure substances: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Thermodynamic property tables and charts

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Properties of pure substances: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Ideal and real gases

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Properties of pure substances: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Law of corresponding states

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Thermodynamic relations: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    T-ds relations

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Thermodynamic relations: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Helmholtz and Gibbs functions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Thermodynamic relations: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Gibbs relations

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Thermodynamic relations: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Maxwell relations

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Thermodynamic relations: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Joule-Thomson coefficient

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Thermodynamic relations: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Coefficient of volume expansion

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Thermodynamic relations: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Adiabatic and isothermal compressibilities

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Thermodynamic relations: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Clapeyron and Clapeyron-Clausius equations

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Thermodynamic cycles: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Carnot vapour cycle

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Thermodynamic cycles: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Ideal Rankine cycle

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Thermodynamic cycles: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Rankine reheat cycle

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Thermodynamic cycles: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Air-standard Otto cycle

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Thermodynamic cycles: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Air-standard diesel cycle

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Thermodynamic cycles: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Air-standard Brayton cycle

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Thermodynamic cycles: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Vapour-compression refrigeration cycle

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Ideal gas mixtures: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Dalton's and Amagat's laws

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ideal gas mixtures: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Properties of ideal gas mixtures

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Ideal gas mixtures: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Specific and relative humidities

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Ideal gas mixtures: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Dew point and wet bulb temperature

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Ideal gas mixtures: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Adiabatic saturation temperature

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Ideal gas mixtures: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Psychrometric chart
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              GATE 2025 XE Polymer Science and Engineering 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Polymer science and engineering: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry of high polymers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Monomers, functionality, degree of polymerizations, classification of polymers, glass transition, melting transition, criteria for rubberiness, polymerization methods: Addition and condensation; their kinetics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Metallocene polymers and other newer methods of polymerization, copolymerization, monomer reactivity ratios and its significance, kinetics, different copolymers, random, alternating, azeotropic copolymerization, block and graft copolymers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Techniques for polymerization-bulk, solution, suspension, emulsion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Concept of intermolecular order (morphology)-amorphous, crystalline, orientation states
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Factor affecting crystallinity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Crystalline transition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Effect of morphology on polymer properties

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Polymer science and engineering: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Polymer characterization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Solubility and swelling, concept of molecular weight distribution and its significance, concept of average molecular weight, determination of number average, weight average, viscosity average and Z-average molecular weights, polymer crystallinity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Analysis of polymers using IR, XRD, thermal (DSC, DMTA, TGA), microscopic (optical and electronic) techniques, Molecular wt. distribution: Broad and Narrow, GPC, Mooney viscosity

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Polymer science and engineering: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Synthesis, manufacturing, and properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Commodity and general purpose thermoplastics: PE, PP, PS, PVC, polyesters, acrylic, PU polymers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Engineering plastics: Nylon, PC, PBT, PSU, PPO, ABS, fluoropolymers thermosetting polymers: Polyurethane, PF, MF, UF, Epoxy, unsaturated polyester, alkyds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Natural and synthetic rubbers: Recovery of NR hydrocarbon from latex; SBR, nitrile, CR, CSM, EPDM, IIR, BR, silicone, TPE, speciality plastics: PEK, PEEK, PPS, PSU, PES etc
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Biopolymers such as PLA, PHA/ PHB

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Polymer science and engineering: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Polymer blends and composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Difference between blends and composites, their significance, choice of polymers for blending, blend miscibility-miscible and immiscible blends, thermodynamics, phase morphology, polymer alloys, polymer eutectics, plastic-plastic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Rubber-plastic and rubber-rubber blends, FRP, particulate, long and short fibre reinforced composites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Polymer reinforcement, reinforcing fibers-natural and synthetic, base polymer for reinforcement (unsaturated polyester), ingredients/ recipes for reinforced polymer composite

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Polymer science and engineering: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Polymer technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Polymer compounding-need and significance, different compounding ingredients for rubber and plastics (antioxidants, light stabilizers, UV stabilizers, lubricants, processing aids, impact modifiers, flame retardant, antistatic agents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • PVC stabilizers and plasticizers) and their function, use of carbon black, polymer mixing equipments, cross-linking and vulcanization, vulcanization kinetics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Polymer science and engineering: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Polymer rheology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Flow of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, different flow equations, dependence of shear modulus on temperature, molecular/ segmental deformations at different zones and transitions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Measurements of rheological parameters by capillary rotating, parallel plate, cone-plate rheometer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Viscoelasticity-creep and stress relaxations, mechanical models, control of rheological characteristics through compounding, rubber curing in parallel plate viscometer, ODR and MDR

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Polymer science and engineering: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Polymer processing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Compression molding, transfer molding, injection molding, blow molding, reaction injection molding, filament winding, SMC, BMC, DMC, extrusion, pultrusion, calendaring, rotational molding, thermoforming, powder coating
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Rubber processing in two-roll mill, internal mixer, twin screw extruder

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Polymer science and engineering: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Polymer testing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Mechanical-static and dynamic tensile, flexural, compressive, abrasion, endurance, fatigue, hardness, tear, resilience, impact, toughness
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Conductivity-thermal and electrical, dielectric constant, dissipation factor, power factor, electric resistance, surface resistivity, volume resistivity, swelling, ageing resistance, environmental stress cracking resistance, limiting oxygen index
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Heat deflection temperature-Vicat softening temperature, brittleness temperature, glass transition temperature, coefficient of thermal expansion, shrinkage, flammability, dielectric constant, dissipation factor, power factor, optical properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Refractive index, luminous transmittance and haze, melt flow index

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Polymer science and engineering: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Polymer recycling and waste management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Polymer waste, and its impact on environment, sources, identification, and separation techniques, recycling classification, recycling of thermoplastics, thermosets and rubbers, applications of recycled materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Life cycle assessment of polymer products (case studies like PET bottles, packaging bags)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              GATE 2025 XE Food Technology 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Food chemistry and nutrition: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Carbohydrates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Structure and functional properties of mono-, oligo-, and poly-saccharides including starch, cellulose, pectic substances and dietary fibre, gelatinization and retrogradation of starch

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Food chemistry and nutrition: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Proteins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Classification and structure of proteins in food, biochemical changes in post mortem and tenderization of muscles

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Food chemistry and nutrition: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Lipids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Classification and structure of lipids, rancidity, polymerization and polymorphism

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Food chemistry and nutrition: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pigments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Carotenoids, chlorophylls, anthocyanins, tannins, and myoglobin

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Food chemistry and nutrition: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Food flavours
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Terpenes, esters, aldehydes, ketones, and quinines

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Food chemistry and nutrition: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Enzymes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Specificity, simple, and inhibition kinetics, coenzymes, enzymatic and non-enzymatic browning

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Food chemistry and nutrition: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Nutrition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Balanced diet, essential amino acids and essential fatty acids, protein efficiency ratio, water soluble and fat soluble vitamins, role of minerals in nutrition, cofactors, anti-nutrients, nutraceuticals, nutrient deficiency diseases

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Food chemistry and nutrition: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemical and biochemical changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Changes occur in foods during different processing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Food microbiology: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Characteristics of microorganisms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Morphology of bacteria, yeast, mold, and actinomycetes, spores and vegetative cells, gram-staining

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Food microbiology: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Microbial growth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Growth and death kinetics, serial dilution technique

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Food microbiology: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Food spoilage
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Spoilage micro organisms in different food products including milk, fish, meat, egg, cereals and, their products

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Food microbiology: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Toxins from microbes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Pathogens and non-pathogens including staphylococcus, salmonella, Shebelle, escherichia, bacillus, clostridium, and aspergillums genera

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Food microbiology: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Fermented foods and beverages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Curd, yoghurt, cheese, pickles, soya-sauce, sauerkraut, idly, dose, vinegar, alcoholic beverages and sausage

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Food products technology: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Processing principles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Thermal processing, chilling, freezing, dehydration, addition of preservatives and food additives, irradiation, fermentation, hurdle technology, intermediate moisture food

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Food products technology: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Food pack aging and storage
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Packaging materials, aseptic packaging, controlled and modified atmosphere storage

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Food products technology: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Cereal processing and products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Milling of rice, wheat, and maize, parboiling of paddy, bread, biscuits, extruded products and ready to eat breakfast cereals

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Food products technology: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Oil processing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Expelling, solvent extraction, refining, and hydrogenation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Food products technology: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Fruits and vegetables processing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Extraction, clarification, concentration, and packaging of fruit juice, jam, jelly, marmalade, squash, candies, tomato sauce, ketchup, and puree, potato chips, pickles

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Food products technology: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Plantation crops processing and products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Tea, coffee, cocoa, spice, extraction of essential oils, and oleoresins from spices

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Food products technology: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Milk and milk products processing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Pasteurization and sterilization, cream, butter, ghee, ice-cream, cheese, and milk powder

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Food products technology: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Processing of animal products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Drying, canning, and freezing of fish and meat; production of egg powder

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Food products technology: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Waste utilization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Pectin from fruit wastes, uses of by-products from rice milling

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Food products technology: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Food standards and quality maintenance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • FPO, PFA, A-Mark, ISI, HACCP, food plant sanitation and cleaning in place (CIP)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Food engineering: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Mass and energy balance

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Food engineering: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Momentum transfer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Flow rate and pressure drop relationships for Newtonian fluids flowing through pipe, Reynolds number

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Food engineering: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Heat transfer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Heat transfer by conduction, convection, radiation, heat exchangers

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Food engineering: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Mass transfer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Molecular diffusion and Flick's law, conduction and convective mass transfer, permeability through single and multilayer films

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Food engineering: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Mechanical operations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Size reduction of solids, high pressure homogenization, filtration, centrifugation, settling, sieving, mixing and agitation of liquid

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Food engineering: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Thermal operations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Thermal sterilization, evaporation of liquid foods, hot air drying of solids, spray and freeze-drying, freezing and crystallization

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Food engineering: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Mass transfer operations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Psychometric, humidification, and dehumidification operations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                GATE 2025 XE Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Atmospheric and Ocean science: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Atmospheric science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Vertical structure and composition of the atmosphere
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Blackbody radiation and radiation balance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Modes of heat transfer in the atmosphere
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Greenhouse effect
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Cloud types
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Laws of thermodynamics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Gas laws
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Hydrostatic equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Clausius Clapeyron equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Adiabatic processes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Humidity in the atmosphere
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Atmospheric stability
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Weather and climate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Navier-Stokes and Continuity equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Compressible and incompressible fluids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Pressure gradient
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Centripetal, centrifugal, and Coriolis forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Geostrophic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Gradient and cyclostrophic balances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Circulations and vorticity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • General circulation of the atmosphere
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Broad features of Indian monsoons
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Monsoon depressions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Tropical convergence zones
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Tropical cyclones

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Atmospheric and Ocean science: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Ocean science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Vertical profiles of temperature and salinity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Stability and double diffusion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Equation of state
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Equations for conservation of mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Momentum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Heat and salt
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Inertial currents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Geostrophic motion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Air-sea surface fluxes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wind-driven circulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Ekman and Sverdrup transports
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Storm surges
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Tides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Tsunamis and wind waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Eddies and gyres
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Eastern and western boundary currents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Equatorial currents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Indian ocean current systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Thermohaline circulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chemical properties of seawater
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Major and minor elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Ocean acidification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Biochemical cycling of nutrients
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Trace metals and organic matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Biological pump
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Primary and secondary biological productivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Air-sea exchange of biogenic dissolved gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Marine ecology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                GATE 2025 XL Chemistry 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Atomic structure and periodicity: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Planck's quantum theory

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Atomic structure and periodicity: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Wave particle duality

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Atomic structure and periodicity: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Uncertainty principle

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Atomic structure and periodicity: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Electronic configuration of atoms and ions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Atomic structure and periodicity: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Hund's rule and Pauli's exclusion principle

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Atomic structure and periodicity: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Periodic table and periodic properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity, and atomic size

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Structure and bonding: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Ionic and covalent bonding

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Structure and bonding: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            MO and VB approaches for diatomic molecules

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Structure and bonding: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              VSEPR theory and shape of molecules

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Structure and bonding: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Hybridization

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Structure and bonding: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Resonance

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Structure and bonding: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Dipole moment

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Structure and bonding: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      HSAB principle

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        s, p, and d block elements: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Oxides

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          s, p, and d block elements: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Halides and hydrides of alkali

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            s, p, and d block elements: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Alkaline earth metals

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              s, p, and d block elements: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              B, Al, Si, N, P, and S

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                s, p, and d block elements: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                General characteristics of 3D elements

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  s, p, and d block elements: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Coordination complexes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Valence bond and crystal field theory, colour, geometry, magnetic properties and isomerism

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Chemical equilibrium: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Osmotic pressure

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Chemical equilibrium: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ionic equilibrium in solution

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Chemical equilibrium: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Solubility product

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Chemical equilibrium: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Common ion effect

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Chemical equilibrium: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Hydrolysis of salts

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Chemical equilibrium: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Ph

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemical equilibrium: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Buffer and their applications

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Electrochemistry: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Conductance

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Electrochemistry: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Kohlrausch's law

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Electrochemistry: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Cell potentials

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Electrochemistry: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      EMF

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Electrochemistry: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Nernst equation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Reaction kinetics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Rate constant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Reaction kinetics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Order of reaction

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Reaction kinetics: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Molecularity

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Reaction kinetics: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Activation energy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Reaction kinetics: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Zero, first, and second order kinetics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Thermodynamics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    First law of thermodynamics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Thermodynamics: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Internal energy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Thermodynamics: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Enthalpy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Thermodynamics: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Kirchhoff equation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Thermodynamics: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Heat of reaction

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Thermodynamics: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Hess's law

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Thermodynamics: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Heat of formation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Thermodynamics: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Second law of thermodynamics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Thermodynamics: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Entropy and free energy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Thermodynamics: Unit 12


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Gibbs‐Helmholtz equation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Thermodynamics: Unit 13


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Free energy change and spontaneity

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Structure-reactivity correlations and organic reaction mechanisms: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Acids and bases

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Structure-reactivity correlations and organic reaction mechanisms: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Electronic and steric effects

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Structure-reactivity correlations and organic reaction mechanisms: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Stereochemistry

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Structure-reactivity correlations and organic reaction mechanisms: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Optical and geometrical isomerism

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Structure-reactivity correlations and organic reaction mechanisms: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Tautomerism

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Structure-reactivity correlations and organic reaction mechanisms: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Conformers and concept of aromaticity

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Structure-reactivity correlations and organic reaction mechanisms: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Elementary treatment of SN1, SN2, E1, E2, and radical reactions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Structure-reactivity correlations and organic reaction mechanisms: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Hoffmann/ Saytzeff rules

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Structure-reactivity correlations and organic reaction mechanisms: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Addition reactions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Structure-reactivity correlations and organic reaction mechanisms: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Markovnikov's rule and Kharasch effect

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Structure-reactivity correlations and organic reaction mechanisms: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Elementary hydroboration reactions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Structure-reactivity correlations and organic reaction mechanisms: Unit 12


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Grignard's reagents and their uses

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Structure-reactivity correlations and organic reaction mechanisms: Unit 13


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Aromatic electrophilic substitutions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Structure-reactivity correlations and organic reaction mechanisms: Unit 14


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Orientation effect as exemplified by various functional groups

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Structure-reactivity correlations and organic reaction mechanisms: Unit 15


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Identification of common functional groups by chemical tests

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Chemistry of biomolecules: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Amino acids

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Chemistry of biomolecules: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Proteins

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Chemistry of biomolecules: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Nucleic acids and nucleotides

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry of biomolecules: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              DNA sequencing by chemical and enzymatic methods

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Chemistry of biomolecules: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Carbohydrates (up to hexoses only)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Chemistry of biomolecules: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Lipids (triglycerides only)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    GATE 2025 XL Biochemistry 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Biochemistry: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Section-1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Organization of life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Importance of water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Structure and function of biomolecules: Amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Protein structure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Folding/ misfolding and function
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Myoglobin
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Haemoglobin
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Lysozyme
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Ribonuclease A
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Carboxypeptidase and chymotrypsin

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Biochemistry: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Section-2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Enzyme kinetics including its regulation and inhibition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Vitamins and coenzymes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Metabolism and bioenergetics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Generation and utilization of ATP
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Metabolic pathways and their regulation: Glycolysis, TCA cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phosphorylation, gluconeogenesis, glycogen and fatty acid metabolism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Metabolism of nitrogen containing compounds: Nitrogen fixation, amino acids and nucleotides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Photosynthesis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Calvin cycle

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Biochemistry: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Section-3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Biochemical separation techniques: Ion exchange, size exclusion and affinity chromatography, centrifugation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Characterization of biomolecules by electrophoresis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • DNA-protein and protein-protein interactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Mass spectrometry

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Biochemistry: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Section-4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Cell structure and organelles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Biological membranes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Action potential
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Transport across membranes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Membrane assembly and protein targeting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Signal transduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Receptor-ligand interaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Hormones and neurotransmitters

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Biochemistry: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Section-5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • DNA replication
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Transcription and translation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • DNA damage and repair
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Biochemical regulation of gene expression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Recombinant DNA technology and applications: PCR, site directed mutagenesis, DNA-microarray
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Next generation sequencing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Gene silencing and editing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Biochemistry: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Section-6
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Immune system: Innate and adaptive
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Cell of the immune system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Active and passive immunity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Complement system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Antibody structure, function and diversity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • B cell and T cell receptors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • B cell and T cell activation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Major histocompatibilty complex
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Immunological techniques: Immunodiffusion, immune-electrophoresis, RIA and ELISA, flow cytometry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • monoclonal antibodies and their applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    GATE 2025 XL Botany 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Botany: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Plant systematics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Botanical nomenclature, history of plant taxonomy, diversity and classification of plants, APG system of plant classification; phylogenetics and cladistics, molecular taxonomy and DNA barcoding; centers for plant taxonomy and herbaria in India

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Botany: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Plant anatomy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Anatomy of root, stem, and leaves, floral organs, embryo and young seedlings, primary and secondary meristems, stellar organization, vascular system and their ontogeny, xylem and phloem structure, secondary growth in plants and wood anatomy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Plant cell structure and differences from animal cells

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Botany: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Plant development; cell and tissue morphogenesis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Life cycle of an angiosperm, development of male and female gametophyte; cell fate determination and tissue patterning; spacing mechanisms in trichomes and stomata
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Embryogenesis, organization and function of shoot, and root apical meristems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Transition to flowering: Photoperiodism and vernalization, ABC model of floral organ patterning, pollen germination, double fertilization, seed development; xylem and phloem cell differentiation, photomorphogenesis; phytochrome, cryptochrome, phototropin
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Role of auxin, cytokinin, gibberellins, and brassinosteroids on plant development

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Botany: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Plant physiology and biochemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Plant water relations, mechanisms of uptake and transport of water, ions, solutes from soil to plants, apoplastic and symplastic transport mechanisms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Mechanism of stomatal movements, nitrogen metabolism, photosynthesis; C3, C4, and CAM cycles, photorespiration, respiration: Glycolysis, TCA cycle, and electron transport chain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Plant responses and mechanisms of abiotic stresses including drought, salinity, freezing, and heat stress, metal toxicity; role of abscisic acid in abiotic stresses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Structure and function of biomolecules (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acid), enzyme kinetics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Structure and biosynthesis of major plant secondary metabolites (alkaloids, terpenes, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Biosynthesis, mechanism of action, and physiological effects of auxin, cytokinin, gibberellic acids, brassinosteroid, ethylene, strigolactone, abscisic acid, salicylic and jasmonic acid
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Senescence and programmed cell death

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Botany: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Genetics and genomics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Cell cycle and cell division
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Principles of Mendelian inheritance, linkage, recombination, genetic mapping; extra chromosomal inheritance; introduction to epigenetics; gene silencing-transgene silencing, post transcriptional gene silencing, miRNA and siRNA
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Evolution and organization of eukaryotic genome structure, gene expression, gene mutation, and repair, chromosomal aberrations (numerical: Euploidy and aneuploidy, and structural: Deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation), transposons
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Model organisms for functional genetics and genomics; introduction to transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Botany: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Plant breeding, genetic modification, genome editing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Principles, methods-selection, hybridization, heterosis; male sterility, genetic maps, and molecular markers, embryo rescue, haploid and doubled haploids, plant tissue culture: Micropropagation, embryo culture, and in vitro regeneration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Plant tissue culture: Somatic embryogenesis, artificial seed, cryopreservation, somaclonal variation, somatic cell hybridization, marker-assisted selection, gene transfer methods viz. direct and vector-mediated, generation of transgenic plants
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Introduction to genome editing: CRISPR/ Cas9, cre-lox system to generate chimeras; plastid transformation; chemical mutagenesis

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Botany: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Economic and applied botany
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • A general account of economically and medicinally important plants-cereals, pulses, plants yielding fibers, timber, sugar, beverages, oils, rubber, pigments, dyes, gums, drugs and narcotics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Economic importance of algae, fungi, lichen, and bacteria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Major Indian cash crops
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Effect of industrialization on agricultural botany such as plastic on fiber economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Genetically modified crops and its regulation example Bt cotton, Bt brinjal, golden rice etc

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Botany: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Plant pathology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Nature and classification of plant diseases, diseases of important crops caused by fungi, bacteria, nematodes, and viruses, and their control measures (chemical and biological) mechanism (s) of pathogenesis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Resistance: Basal, systemic, induced systemic resistance, gene for gene concept
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Molecular detection of pathogens; plant-microbe interactions: Symbionts and mycorrhiza, pathogens and pests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Signaling pathways in plant defence response; salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) in plant-pathogen and plant-herbivore interaction, necrosis; host-parasitic plant interaction (such as cuscuta)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Botany: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ecology and environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Ecosystems-types, dynamics, degradation, biogeochemical cycles, ecological succession; food webs and energy flow through ecosystem; vegetation types of the world, Indian vegetation types and biogeographical zones, climate, and flora endemism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Pollution and global climate change, speciation and extinction, biodiversity and conservation strategies, ecological hotspots, afforestation, habitat restoration; plant interactions with other organisms; epiphytes, parasites, and endophytes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    GATE 2025 XL Microbiology 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Microbiology: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Historical perspective
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Discovery of microbial world
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Landmark discoveries relevant to the field of microbiology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Controversy over spontaneous generation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Role of microorganisms in transformation of organic matter and in the causation of diseases

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Microbiology: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Methods in microbiology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Pure culture techniques
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Principles of microbial nutrition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Enrichment culture techniques for isolation of microorganisms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Antigen and antibody detection methods for microbial diagnosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Light-, phase contrast-, fluorescence-, and electron-microscopy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • PCR, real-time PCR for quantitation of microbes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Next generation sequencing technologies in microbiology

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Microbiology: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Microbial taxonomy and diversity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Bacteria, archea, and their broad classification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Eukaryotic microbes: Yeasts, molds, and protozoa
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Viruses and their classification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Molecular approaches to microbial taxonomy and phylogeny

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Microbiology: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Prokaryotic cells: Structure and function
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Prokaryotic cells: Cell walls, cell membranes and their biosynthesis, mechanisms of solute transport across membranes, flagella and pili, capsules, cell inclusions like endospores and gas vesicles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Bacterial locomotion, including positive and negative chemotaxis

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Microbiology: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Microbial growth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Definition of growth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Growth curve
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Mathematical expression of exponential growth phase
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Measurement of growth and growth yields
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Synchronous growth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Continuous culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Effect of environmental factors on growth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Bacterial biofilm and biofouling

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Microbiology: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Control of microorganisms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Disinfection and sterilization: Principles, methods, and assessment of efficacy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Microbiology: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Microbial metabolism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Energetics: Redox reactions and electron carriers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • An overview of metabolism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Glycolysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Pentose-phosphate pathway
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Entner-Doudoroff pathway
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Glyoxalate pathway
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • The citric acid cycle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Fermentation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Aerobic and anaerobic respiration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chemolithotrophy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Photosynthesis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Calvin cycle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Biosynthetic pathway for fatty acids synthesis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Common regulatory mechanisms in synthesis of amino acids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Regulation of major metabolic pathways

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Microbiology: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Microbial diseases and host pathogen interaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Normal microbiota
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Classification of infectious diseases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reservoirs of infection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Nosocomial infection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Opportunistic infections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Emerging infectious diseases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Mechanism of microbial pathogenicity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Nonspecific defense of host; antigens and antibodies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Humoral and cell mediated immunity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Vaccines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Passive immunization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Immune deficiency
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Human diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, and pathogenic fungi

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Microbiology: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Chemotherapy/ antibiotics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • General characteristics of antimicrobial drugs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Antibiotics: Classification molecular mechanism of mode of action and resistance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Antifungal and antiviral drugs

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Microbiology: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Microbial genetics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Types of mutation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • UV and chemical mutagens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Selection of mutants
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Ames test for mutagenesis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Bacterial genetic system: Transformation, conjugation, transduction, recombination, plasmids, transposons
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • DNA repair
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Regulation of gene expression: Repression and induction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Operon model
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Bacterial genome with special reference to E. coli
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Phage λ and its life cycle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • RNA phages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Mutation in virus genomes, virus recombination and reassortment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Basic concept of microbial genomics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Microbiology: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Microbial ecology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Microbial interactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Carbon, sulphur, and nitrogen cycles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Soil microorganisms associated with vascular plants
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Bioremediation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Uncultivable microorganisms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Basic concept of metagenomics and metatranscriptomics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    GATE 2025 XL Zoology 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Zoology: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Animal diversity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Distribution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Systematics and classification of animals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Phylogenetic relationships (based on classical and molecular phylogenetic tools)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Zoology: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Evolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Origin and history of life on earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Theories of evolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Natural selection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Adaptation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Speciation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Zoology: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Genetics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Basic principles of inheritance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Molecular basis of heredity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Sex determination and sex-linked characteristics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Cytoplasmic inheritance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Linkage
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Recombination and mapping of genes in eukaryotes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Population genetics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Genetic disorders
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Roles of model organisms in understanding genetic principles

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Zoology: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Biochemistry and molecular biology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Nucleic acids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Proteins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Lipids and carbohydrates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Replication
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Transcription and translation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Krebs cycle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Glycolysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Enzyme Catalysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Hormones and their actions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Roles of vitamins and minerals

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Zoology: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Cell biology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Basic principles of cellular microscopy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Structure of cell
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Cytoskeletal organization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Cellular organelles and their structure and function
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Cell cycle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Cell division
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chromosomes and chromatin structure

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Zoology: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Gene expression in Eukaryotes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Eukaryotic genome organization and regulation of gene expression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Transposable elements

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Zoology: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Animal anatomy and physiology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Comparative physiology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • The respiratory system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Muscular system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Circulatory system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Digestive system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • The nervous system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • The excretory system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • The endocrine system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • The reproductive system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • The skeletal system

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Zoology: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Parasitology and immunology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Nature of parasite
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Host-parasite relation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Protozoan and helminthic parasites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • The immune response
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Cellular and humoral immune response

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Zoology: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Development biology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Gametogenesis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Embryonic development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Cellular differentiation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Organogenesis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Metamorphosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Model organisms used in developmental biology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Genetic and molecular basis of development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Stem cells

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Zoology: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ecology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • The ecosystem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Animal distribution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Ecological niche and its contribution to ecological diversity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • The food chain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Population dynamics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Species diversity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Zoogeography
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Biogeochemical cycles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Conservation biology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Ecotoxicology

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Zoology: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Animal behaviour
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Type of behaviours
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Courtship
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Mating and territoriality
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Instinct
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Learning and memory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Social behaviour across the animal taxa
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Pheromones
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Evolution of behaviour in animals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    GATE 2025 XL Food Technology 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Food chemistry and nutrition: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Carbohydrates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Structure and functional properties of mono-, oligo-, and poly-saccharides including starch, cellulose, pectic substances and dietary fibre, gelatinization and retrogradation of starch

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Food chemistry and nutrition: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Proteins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Classification and structure of proteins in food, biochemical changes in post mortem and tenderization of muscles

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Food chemistry and nutrition: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Lipids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Classification and structure of lipids, rancidity, polymerization and polymorphism

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Food chemistry and nutrition: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Pigments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Carotenoids, chlorophylls, anthocyanins, tannins, and myoglobin

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Food chemistry and nutrition: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Food flavours
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Terpenes, esters, aldehydes, ketones, and quinines

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Food chemistry and nutrition: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Enzymes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Specificity, simple, and inhibition kinetics, coenzymes, enzymatic and non-enzymatic browning

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Food chemistry and nutrition: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Nutrition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Balanced diet, essential amino acids and essential fatty acids, protein efficiency ratio, water soluble and fat soluble vitamins, role of minerals in nutrition, cofactors, anti-nutrients, nutraceuticals, nutrient deficiency diseases

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Food chemistry and nutrition: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Chemical and biochemical changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Changes occur in foods during different processing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Food microbiology: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Characteristics of microorganisms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Morphology of bacteria, yeast, mold, and actinomycetes, spores and vegetative cells, gram-staining

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Food microbiology: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Microbial growth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Growth and death kinetics, serial dilution technique

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Food microbiology: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Food spoilage
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Spoilage micro organisms in different food products including milk, fish, meat, egg, cereals and, their products

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Food microbiology: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Toxins from microbes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Pathogens and non-pathogens including staphylococcus, salmonella, Shebelle, escherichia, bacillus, clostridium, and aspergillums genera

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Food microbiology: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Fermented foods and beverages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Curd, yoghurt, cheese, pickles, soya-sauce, sauerkraut, idly, dose, vinegar, alcoholic beverages and sausage

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Food products technology: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Processing principles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Thermal processing, chilling, freezing, dehydration, addition of preservatives and food additives, irradiation, fermentation, hurdle technology, intermediate moisture food

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Food products technology: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Food pack aging and storage
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Packaging materials, aseptic packaging, controlled and modified atmosphere storage

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Food products technology: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Cereal processing and products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Milling of rice, wheat, and maize, parboiling of paddy, bread, biscuits, extruded products and ready to eat breakfast cereals

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Food products technology: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Oil processing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Expelling, solvent extraction, refining, and hydrogenation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Food products technology: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Fruits and vegetables processing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Extraction, clarification, concentration, and packaging of fruit juice, jam, jelly, marmalade, squash, candies, tomato sauce, ketchup, and puree, potato chips, pickles

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Food products technology: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Plantation crops processing and products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Tea, coffee, cocoa, spice, extraction of essential oils, and oleoresins from spices

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Food products technology: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Milk and milk products processing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Pasteurization and sterilization, cream, butter, ghee, ice-cream, cheese, and milk powder

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Food products technology: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Processing of animal products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Drying, canning, and freezing of fish and meat; production of egg powder

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Food products technology: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Waste utilization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Pectin from fruit wastes, uses of by-products from rice milling

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Food products technology: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Food standards and quality maintenance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • FPO, PFA, A-Mark, ISI, HACCP, food plant sanitation and cleaning in place (CIP)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Food engineering: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Mass and energy balance

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Food engineering: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Momentum transfer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Flow rate and pressure drop relationships for Newtonian fluids flowing through pipe, Reynolds number

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Food engineering: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Heat transfer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Heat transfer by conduction, convection, radiation, heat exchangers

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Food engineering: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Mass transfer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Molecular diffusion and Flick's law, conduction and convective mass transfer, permeability through single and multilayer films

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Food engineering: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Mechanical operations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Size reduction of solids, high pressure homogenization, filtration, centrifugation, settling, sieving, mixing and agitation of liquid

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Food engineering: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Thermal operations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Thermal sterilization, evaporation of liquid foods, hot air drying of solids, spray and freeze-drying, freezing and crystallization

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Food engineering: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Mass transfer operations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Psychometric, humidification, and dehumidification operations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      GATE 2025 Biomedical Engineering 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      General aptitude: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Verbal aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Basic English grammar: Tenses, articles, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, verb-noun agreement, and other parts of speech
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Basic vocabulary: Words, idioms, and phrases in context
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Reading and comprehension
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Narrative sequencing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      General aptitude: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Quantitative aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Data interpretation: Data graphs (bar graphs, pie charts, and other graphs representing data), 2- and 3-dimensional plots, maps, and tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Numerical computation and estimation: Ratios, percentages, powers, exponents and logarithms, permutations and combinations, and series
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Mensuration and geometry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Elementary statistics and probability

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      General aptitude: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Analytical aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Logic: Deduction and induction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Analogy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Numerical relations and reasoning

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      General aptitude: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Spatial aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Transformation of shapes: Translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring, assembling, and grouping, paper folding, cutting, and patterns in 2 and 3 dimensions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Engineering mathematics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Linear algebra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Matrix algebra, systems of linear equations, eigen values and eigen vectors

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Engineering mathematics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Calculus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Mean value theorems, theorems of integral calculus, partial derivatives, maxima and minima, multiple integrals, Fourier series, vector identities, line, surface and volume integrals, Stokes, Gauss and Green's theorems

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Engineering mathematics: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Differential equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • First order linear and nonlinear differential equations, higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients, method of separation of variables, Cauchy's and Euler's equations, initial and boundary value problems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Solution of partial differential equations

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Engineering mathematics: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Analysis of complex variables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Analytic functions, Cauchy's integral theorem and integral formula, Taylor's and Laurent's series, residue theorem

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Engineering mathematics: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Probability and Statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Sampling theorems, conditional probability, mean, median, mode and standard deviation, random variables, discrete and continuous distributions: Normal, Poisson, and binomial distributions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Tests of Significance, statistical power analysis, and sample size estimation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Linear regression and correlation analysis

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Engineering mathematics: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Numerical methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Matrix inversion, numerical solutions of nonlinear algebraic equations, iterative methods for solving differential equations, numerical integration

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Electrical Circuits: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Voltage and current sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Independent, dependent, ideal and practical; v-i relationships of resistor, inductor and capacitor; transient analysis of RLC circuits with de excitation; Kirchhoff's laws, superposition, Thevenin, Norton, maximum power transfer and reciprocity theorems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Peak, average and RMS values of ac quantities; apparent, active and reactive powers; phasor analysis, impedance and admittance; series and parallel resonance, realization of basic filters with R, L and C elements, Bode plot

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Signals and systems: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Continuous and discrete signal and systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Periodic, aperiodic and impulse signals; sampling theorem; Laplace and Fourier transforms; impulse response of systems; transfer function, frequency response of first and second order linear time invariant systems, convolution, correlation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Discrete time systems-impulse response, frequency response, DFT, Z - transform; basics of IIR and FIR filters

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Analog and digital electronics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Characteristics and applications of operational amplifiers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Difference amplifier, adder, subtractor, integrator, differentiator, instrumentation amplifier, buffer, filters and waveform generators

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Analog and digital electronics: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Number systems

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Analog and digital electronics: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Boolean algebra

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Analog and digital electronics: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Combinational logic circuits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Arithmetic circuits, comparators, Schmitt trigger, encoder/ decoder, MUX/ DEMUX, multi-vibrators

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Analog and digital electronics: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Sequential circuits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Latches and flip flops, state diagrams, shift registers and counters

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Analog and digital electronics: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Principles of ADC and DAC

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Analog and digital electronics: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Microprocessor
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Architecture, interfacing memory and input- output devices

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Measurements and control systems: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SI units

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Measurements and control systems: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Systematic and random errors in measurement,

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Measurements and control systems: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Expression of uncertainty
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Accuracy and precision index, propagation of errors

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Measurements and control systems: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                PMMC

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Measurements and control systems: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  MI and dynamometer type instruments

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Measurements and control systems: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    De potentiometer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Measurements and control systems: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Bridges for measurement of R, L and C, Q-meter

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Measurements and control systems: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Basics of control system-transfer function

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Sensors and bioinstrumentation: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Sensors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Resistive, capacitive, inductive, piezoelectric, Hall effect, electro chemical, optical; sensor signal conditioning circuits; application of LASER in sensing and therapy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Sensors and bioinstrumentation: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Origin of biopotentials and their measurement techniques
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • ECG, EEG, EMG, ERG, EOG, GSR, PCG, principles of measuring blood pressure, body temperature, volume and flow in arteries, veins and tissues, respiratory measurements and cardiac output measurement

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Sensors and bioinstrumentation: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Operating principle of medical equipment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Sphygmomanometer, ventilator, cardiac pacemaker, defibrillator, pulse oximeter, hemodialyzer; Electrical Isolation (optical and electrical) and safety of biomedical instruments

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Human anatomy and physiology: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Basics of cell

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Human anatomy and physiology: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Types of tissues and organ systems

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Human anatomy and physiology: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Homeostasis

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Human anatomy and physiology: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Basics of organ systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Musculoskeletal, respiratory, circulatory, excretory, endocrine, nervous, gastro-intestinal and reproductive

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Medical imaging systems: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Basic physics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Medical imaging systems: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Instrumentation and image formation techniques in medical imaging modalities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • X-ray, computed tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Biomechanics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Kinematics of muscles and joints
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Free-body diagrams and equilibrium, forces and stresses in joints, biomechanical analysis of joints, Gait analysis

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Biomechanics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Hard tissues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Definition of stress and strain, deformation mechanics, structure and mechanical properties of bone-cortical and cancellous bones

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Biomechanics: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Soft tissues
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Structure, functions, material properties, viscoelastic properties, Maxwell and Voight models

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Biomechanics: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Biofluid mechanics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Flow properties of blood in the intact human cardiovascular system

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Biomaterials: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Basic properties of biomaterials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Metallic, ceramic, polymeric and composite

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Biomaterials: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Fundamental characteristics of implants
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Biocompatibility, bioactivity, biodegradability

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Biomaterials: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Basics of drug delivery

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Biomaterials: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Basics of tissue engineering

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Biomaterials: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Biomaterial characterization techniques
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Rheology, atomic force microscopy, electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      GATE 2025 Environmental Science and Engineering 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      General aptitude: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Verbal aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Basic English grammar: Tenses, articles, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, verb-noun agreement, and other parts of speech
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Basic vocabulary: Words, idioms, and phrases in context
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Reading and comprehension
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Narrative sequencing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      General aptitude: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Quantitative aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Data interpretation: Data graphs (bar graphs, pie charts, and other graphs representing data), 2- and 3-dimensional plots, maps, and tables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Numerical computation and estimation: Ratios, percentages, powers, exponents and logarithms, permutations and combinations, and series
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Mensuration and geometry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Elementary statistics and probability

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      General aptitude: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Analytical aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Logic: Deduction and induction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Analogy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Numerical relations and reasoning

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      General aptitude: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Spatial aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Transformation of shapes: Translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring, assembling, and grouping, paper folding, cutting, and patterns in 2 and 3 dimensions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Mathematics foundation: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Linear algebra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Determinants and matrices, systems of linear equations, eigen values and eigen vectors

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Mathematics foundation: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Calculus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Functions, limit, continuity, differentiability, local maxima and minima, Taylor series, tests for convergence, definite and indefinite integrals, application of definite integral to obtain area and volume, partial and total derivatives

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Mathematics foundation: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Differential equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Linear and non-linear first order ordinary differential equations (ODE), higher order linear ODEs with constant coefficients, Cauchy's and Euler's equations, Laplace transform and its application in solving linear ODEs

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Mathematics foundation: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Probability and Statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Descriptive statistics, measurement of central tendency, dispersion, Skewness and kurtosis, probability concepts, conditional probability, Baye's theorem, risk and reliability, probability distributions, correlation, single and multiple regression models
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Hypothesis testing (t-test, F-test, chi-square test)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Environmental chemistry: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Fundamentals of environmental chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Covalent and ionic bonding; chemical equations, concentration and activity; structure and chemistry of organic molecules; radioactivity of elements; chemical equilibria; thermodynamics and kinetics of chemical reactions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Environmental chemistry: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Principles of water chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Water quality parameters and their measurement; acid-base equilibria; buffer solution; carbonate system; solubility of gases in water; complexation, precipitation, and redox reactions; inorganic and organic contaminants in water and their speciation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Environmental chemistry: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Soil chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, cation exchange capacity, base saturation, and sodium absorption ratio

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Environmental chemistry: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Atmospheric chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Composition of the atmosphere; reactivity of trace substances in the atmosphere; urban atmosphere-smog and particulate pollution; chemistry of ozone formation; chemistry of stratosphere

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Environmental microbiology: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Environmental microbiology: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Characteristics of diverse groups of microorganisms

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Environmental microbiology: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Classification of microorganisms

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Environmental microbiology: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Microbial diversity

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Environmental microbiology: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Plant-microbe and soil-microbe interactions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Environmental microbiology: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Role of microorganisms in waste water treatment

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Environmental microbiology: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Bioremediation and biogeochemical cycling

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Environmental microbiology: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Cell chemistry and cell biology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Structure of proteins, nucleic acid (DNA and RNA), lipids and polysaccharides; bonds in biomolecules; stereoisomerism in biomolecules; structure of cell; structure and function of cytoplasmic membrane, cell wall, outer membrane, glycocalyx, chromosomes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Endospores, storage products, mitochondria and chloroplasts

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Environmental microbiology: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Microbial metabolism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Anabolism and catabolism; phosphorylation; glycolysis; TCA cycle; electron transport chain; fermentation; anaerobic respiration; energy balances; enzymes and enzyme kinetics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Environmental microbiology: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Growth and control of microorganisms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Bacterial nutrition and growth; specific growth rate and doubling time; Monod's model; types of culture media; batch and continuous culture; effects of environmental factors on growth; control of microbes using physical and chemical methods

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Environmental microbiology: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Microbiology and health
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Pathogens and modes of transmission; indicator organisms; quantification of coliforms using MPN and membrane filtration techniques

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Water resources and environmental hydraulics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Global water resources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Structure, properties, and distribution of water; water quality; threats to water resources; water conservation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Water resources and environmental hydraulics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Surface water resources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Hydrological cycle and water balance-precipitation, infiltration, evapotranspiration, runoff; flow hydrographs; unit hydrographs; stage-discharge relationship; reservoir capacity; reservoir and channel routing; surface run-off models
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Surface water management; rain water harvesting and storage

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Water resources and environmental hydraulics: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ground water resources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Geologic formations as aquifers; vadose and saturated zones; confined and unconfined aquifers and their parameters-porosity, permeability, transmissivity and storage coefficient; Darcy's law and applications; steady state well hydraulics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Water resources and environmental hydraulics: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Environmental hydraulics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Concepts of mechanics; properties of fluids; pressure measurement; hydrostatic force on surfaces; buoyancy and flotation; Laminar and turbulent flow; flow through pipes; pipe networks; boundary layer theory; forces on immersed bodies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Flow measurement in channels and pipes; kinematics of flow; continuity, momentum and energy equations; channel hydraulics-specific energy, critical flow, hydraulic jump, rapid and gradually varied flow; design of lined and unlined channels

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Water and waste water treatment and management: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Water and waste water quality parameters

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Water and waste water treatment and management: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Eutrophication and thermal stratification in lakes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Water and waste water treatment and management: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        River pollution-oxygen sag curve

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Water and waste water treatment and management: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Water treatment methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Screening, sedimentation with and without coagulation, filtration, desalination, disinfection; water distribution and storage

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Water and waste water treatment and management: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Point and non-point sources of waste water

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Water and waste water treatment and management: Unit 06


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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Design of sewer and storm water sewers

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Water and waste water treatment and management: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Sewer appurtenances

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Water and waste water treatment and management: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Preliminary, primary, secondary and tertiary sewage treatment

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Water and waste water treatment and management: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Sludge generation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Water and waste water treatment and management: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Processing and disposal methods

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Water and waste water treatment and management: Unit 12


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Sewage farming

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Water and waste water treatment and management: Unit 13


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Sources and characteristics of industrial effluents

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Water and waste water treatment and management: Unit 14


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Concept of common effluent treatment plants (CETP)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Water and waste water treatment and management: Unit 15


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Waste water recycling and zero liquid discharge

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Water and waste water treatment and management: Unit 16


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Kinetics and reactor design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Mass and energy balance, order and rate of reactions, batch reactors, completely mixed flow reactors, plug flow reactors

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Air and noise pollution: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Structure of the atmosphere

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Air and noise pollution: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Natural and anthropogenic sources of pollution

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Air and noise pollution: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Atmospheric sources, sinks, transport

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Air and noise pollution: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Indoor air pollution

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Air and noise pollution: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Effects on health and environment

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Air and noise pollution: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Air pollution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Gases and particulate matter; air quality standards; primary and secondary pollutants

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Air and noise pollution: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Criteria pollutants

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Air and noise pollution: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Ambient and source standards

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Air and noise pollution: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Air quality indices

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Air and noise pollution: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Visibility

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Air and noise pollution: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Particulate pollutants
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Measurement and control methods; control of particulate air pollutants using gravitational settling chambers, cyclone separators, wet collectors, fabric filters (bag-house filter), electrostatic precipitators (ESP)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Air and noise pollution: Unit 12


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Gaseous pollutants
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Measurement and control methods; control of gaseous contaminants: Absorption, adsorption, condensation and combustion; control of sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons; vapour-liquid and vapour-solid equilibria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Diffusion, Fick's law and interfacial mass transfer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Automotive emission controls, fuel quality, diesel particulate filters, catalytic convertors

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Air and noise pollution: Unit 13


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Air quality management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Point, line and area sources; inventory; influence of meteorology-wind rose diagrams, stability, mixing height, topography, dispersion modelling, monitoring

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Air and noise pollution: Unit 14


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Noise pollution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Sources; health effects; standards; measurement and control methods

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Solid and hazardous waste management: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Integrated solid waste management

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Solid and hazardous waste management: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Waste hierarchy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Solid and hazardous waste management: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Rules and regulations for solid waste management in India

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Solid and hazardous waste management: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Municipal solid waste management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Sources, generation, characteristics, collection and transportation, waste processing and disposal (including reuse options, biological methods, energy recovery processes and landfilling)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Solid and hazardous waste management: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Hazardous waste management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Characteristics, generation, fate of materials in the environment, treatment and disposal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Soil contamination and leaching of contaminants into groundwater

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Solid and hazardous waste management: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Management of biomedical waste, plastic waste and e-waste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Sources, generation and characteristics; waste management practices including storage, collection and transfer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Global and regional environmental issues: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Global effects of air pollution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Greenhouse gases, global warming, climate change, urban heat islands, acid rain, ozone hole

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Global and regional environmental issues: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Ecology and various ecosystems

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Global and regional environmental issues: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Biodiversity

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Environmental management and sustainable development: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Environmental management systems

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Environmental management and sustainable development: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              ISO14000 series

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Environmental management and sustainable development: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Environmental auditing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Environmental impact assessment; life cycle assessment; human health risk assessment

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Environmental management and sustainable development: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Environmental law and policy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Objectives; polluter pays principle, precautionary principle; the water and air acts with amendments; the environment (protection) act (EPA) 1986; national green tribunal act, 2010; national environment policy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Principles of international law and international treaties

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Environmental management and sustainable development: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Energy and environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Energy sources-overview of resources and reserves; renewable and non-renewable energy sources; energy-environment nexus

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Environmental management and sustainable development: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Sustainable development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Definition and concepts of sustainable development; sustainable development goals; hurdles to sustainability; environment and economics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                GATE 2025 XH Reasoning and Comprehension 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Reasoning and comprehension: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Reading comprehension
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Complex language material in short paragraphs

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Reasoning and comprehension: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Expression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Stylistic and rhetorical aspects of a short passage including corrections or modifications of particular sentences

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Reasoning and comprehension: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Analytical reasoning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Relationships in statements or short passages and being able to draw reasonable conclusions/ inferences from them

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Reasoning and comprehension: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Logical reasoning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Thinking critically to evaluate or to predict an argument, identify the main and supporting arguments, predict outcomes, etc
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                GATE 2025 XH Economics 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Microeconomics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Theory of consumer behaviour
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Cardinal approach and ordinal approach; consumer preferences; nature of the utility function; Marshallian and Hicksian demand functions; duality theorem

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Microeconomics: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Euler's theorem

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Microeconomics: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  The theory of revealed preference
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Weak axiom of revealed preference and strong axiom of revealed preference, theory of production and costs: Short-run and long-run analysis, existence, uniqueness and stability of market equilibrium: Walrasian and Marshallian stability analysis

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Microeconomics: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  The cobweb model

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Microeconomics: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Asymmetric information
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Adverse selection and moral hazard

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Microeconomics: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Theory of agency costs

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Microeconomics: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      The theory of search, non-cooperative games:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Constant sum game, mixed strategy and pure strategy, Bayesian Nash equilibrium, SPNE, perfect Bayesian equilibria

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Microeconomics: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Theory of firm
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Market structures-competitive and non-competitive equilibria and their efficiency properties

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Microeconomics: Unit 13


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Factor pricing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Marginal productivity theory of distribution in perfectly competitive markets; theory of employment in imperfectly competitive markets-monopolistic exploitation, general equilibrium analysis

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Microeconomics: Unit 14


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Welfare economics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Fundamental theorems, social welfare function

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Microeconomics: Unit 15


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Efficiency criteria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Pareto-optimality

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Macroeconomics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      National income accounting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Closed economy concepts and measurement and open economy issues

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Macroeconomics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Determination of output and employment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Classical and Keynesian framework

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Macroeconomics: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Theories of consumption
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Absolute income hypothesis, relative income hypothesis, life cycle hypothesis, permanent income hypothesis and Robert Hall's random walk model;

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Macroeconomics: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Investment function specifications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Dale Jorgenson's neoclassical theory of capital accumulation and Tobin's, Keynesian stabilization policies

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Macroeconomics: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Demand and supply of money

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Macroeconomics: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Components of money supply

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Macroeconomics: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Money multiplier

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Macroeconomics: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Interest rate determination

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Macroeconomics: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Central banking

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Macroeconomics: Unit 13


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Prudential regulation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Macroeconomics: Unit 15


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Commercial banking

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Macroeconomics: Unit 16


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Non-banking financial institutions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Macroeconomics: Unit 17


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Capital market and its regulation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Macroeconomics: Unit 19


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Real business cycles

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Macroeconomics: Unit 20


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Adaptive expectations hypothesis

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Macroeconomics: Unit 22


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Closed economy IS-LM model and Mundell Fleming model
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Monetary and fiscal policy efficacy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Macroeconomics: Unit 23


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            The impossible trinity

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Statistics, econometrics and mathematical economics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Probability theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Concepts of probability, probability distributions (discrete and continuous), central limit theorem, index numbers and construction of price indices, sampling methods and sampling distribution, statistical inferences, hypothesis testing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Linear regression models and the Gauss Markov theorem, heteroscedasticity, multicollinearity and autocorrelation, spurious regressions and unit roots, simultaneous equation models-recursive and non-recursive

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Statistics, econometrics and mathematical economics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Identification problem

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Statistics, econometrics and mathematical economics: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Differential calculus and its applications

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Statistics, econometrics and mathematical economics: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Linear algebra-matrices

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Statistics, econometrics and mathematical economics: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Applications of Cramer's rule

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Statistics, econometrics and mathematical economics: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Static optimization problems and applications

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Statistics, econometrics and mathematical economics: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Input-output model

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Statistics, econometrics and mathematical economics: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Linear programming

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Statistics, econometrics and mathematical economics: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Difference equations and differential equations with applications

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              International economics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Theories of international trade

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                International economics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                International trade under imperfect competition

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  International economics: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Gains from trade

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    International economics: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Terms of trade

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      International economics: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Trade multiplier

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        International economics: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Tariff and non-tariff barriers to trade

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          International economics: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Dumping and anti-dumping policies

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            International economics: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATT, WTO, and regional trade blocks

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              International economics: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Trade policy issues

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                International economics: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Balance of payments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Composition, equilibrium and disequilibrium and adjustment mechanisms, foreign exchange market and arbitrage, exchange rate determination, IMF and World bank

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Public economics: Unit 01


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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Asymmetric information, public Goods, externality, regulation of market-collusion and Consumers' welfare

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Public economics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Public revenue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Tax and non-tax revenue, direct and indirect taxes, progressive and non-progressive taxation, incidence and effects of taxation, public expenditure, public debt and its management, public budget and budget multiplier, tax incidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Fiscal policy and its implications, environment as a public good, market failure and Coase theorem, cost-benefit analysis

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Development economics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Theories of economic development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Adam Smith, David Ricardo, Karl Marx, J. Schumpeter, W. Rostow, balanced and unbalanced growth, big push approach

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Development economics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Indicators of economic development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • HDI, SDGs, MDGs, poverty and inequalities-concepts and measurement issues

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Development economics: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Social sector development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Health, education, gender, fertility, morbidity, mortality, migration, child labor, age structure, demographic dividend

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Development economics: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Models of economic growth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Harrod-Domar, Solow, Ramsey, technical progress-disembodied and embodied, endogenous growth models

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Indian economy: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Economic growth in India
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Pattern and structure

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Indian economy: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Agriculture, industry, and services sector
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Pattern and structure of growth, major challenges, policy responses, rural and urban development-issues, challenges and policy responses, flow of foreign capital, trade policies

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Indian economy: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Infrastructure development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Physical and social; public-private partnerships, reforms in land, labour and capital markets, poverty, inequality and unemployment, functioning of monetary policy in India

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Indian economy: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Fiscal policy in the Indian context
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Structure of receipts and expenditure, tax reforms-goods and services tax, issues of growth and equity, fiscal federalism, centre-state financial relations and finance commissions of India; sustainability of deficits and debt
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • The fiscal responsibility and budget management act 2003, demonetization and aftermath

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Indian economy: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                India's balance of payments

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Indian economy: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Composition of India's trade

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Indian economy: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Competitiveness of India's exports

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Indian economy: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      India's exchange rate policy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        GATE 2025 XH English 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        English: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Multi-genre literatures in English
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Poetry, the novel and other forms of fiction including the short story, drama, creative non-fiction, and non fiction prose-with emphasis on the long 19th and 20th centuries

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        English: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Literary criticism and theory; critical and cultural intellectual
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Traditions and approaches widely referred to, and used in the discipline of English
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        GATE 2025 XH Linguistics 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Language and linguistics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Language spoken, written, and signed

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Language and linguistics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Description and prescription

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Language and cultural heritage

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Language and linguistics: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Language and social identity

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Language and linguistics: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Language as an object of inquiry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Its structure, units and components

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Language and linguistics: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Design features

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Language and linguistics: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Writing systems

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Language and linguistics: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Biological foundations and language faculty

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Language and linguistics: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Linguistic competence and performance

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Language and linguistics: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Levels of grammar

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Language and linguistics: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Contrast and complementation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Language and linguistics: Unit 12


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Rules-context dependent and context free

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Language and linguistics: Unit 13


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Levels of adequacy for analysis

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Language and linguistics: Unit 14


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Interdisciplinary approaches

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Levels of grammar and grammatical analysis: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Phonetics and phonology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Vocal tract anatomy; phonation; articulatory parameters; classification of sounds; gestural theory of speech production; cardinal vowels; secondary and coarticulation; suprasegmentals-length, stress, tone, intonation and juncture; IPA
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Basic physics of sound and of phonation and articulation; acoustic cues for speech sounds; organisation of phones into phonemes; phoneme inventories and cross-linguistic properties, syllable structure and phonological properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Principles of phonological analysis-phonetic similarity, contrastive and complementary distribution, free variation, allophones; linear and non-linear approaches; levels of representation; phonological rules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Distinctive features (major class, manner, place, etc); feature geometry; rule ordering, markedness and unspecified featural values; core principles of lexical phonology, optimality theory, auto segmental phonology, and prosodic morphology

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Levels of grammar and grammatical analysis: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Morphology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Concepts of morpheme, morph, allomorph, zero allomorph, conditions on allomorphs; lexeme and word; types of morphemes-structural and functional; affixes vs. clitics; grammatical categories
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Morphological theories-generative, lexicalist, process and distributed morphology; identification of morphemes and parts of speech; alternation; morphophonology; inflection vs. derivation; conjugation and declension
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Word creation and word formation rules and processes; creativity and productivity, blocking, bracketing paradoxes, constraints on affix ordering; mental lexicon; lexical

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Levels of grammar and grammatical analysis: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Syntax
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Basic syntactic units and their types: Word, phrase, clause, sentence and their description, and generation; grammatical and case relations; key ideas from syntactic theories, generative grammars including minimalist program, HPSG
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Basic syntactic units and their types: Relational grammar and lexical functional grammar; phrase structure rules (including X-bar theory); universal grammar and cross-linguistic properties; idea of grammaticality judgments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Basic syntactic units and their types: Solving the language acquisition problem; diagnostics of structure; syntactic phenomena such as movement, binding, ellipses, case-checking, islands, argument structure etc; unergatives and unaccusatives

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Levels of grammar and grammatical analysis: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Semantics and pragmatics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Types of meaning, lexical and compositional; syntax-semantics interface (semantic roles, binding, scope, LF etc); sense and reference, connotation and denotation, lexical semantic relations (homonymy, hypo/ hypernymy, antonymy, synonymy, ambiguity)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Prototype theory and componential analysis; sentence meaning and truth conditions, contradictions, entailment; basic set theory; propositions, truth values, sentential connectives; arguments, predicates, quantifiers, variables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • In/ definiteness, mood and modality; language use in context; sentence meaning and utterance meaning; speech acts; deixis; presupposition and implicature: Gricean maxims; information structure; politeness, power and solidarity; discourse analysis

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Historical linguistics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Genesis and spread of sound change

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Historical linguistics: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Split and merger

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Historical linguistics: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Conditioned vs. unconditioned change

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Historical linguistics: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Lexical diffusion of sound change

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Historical linguistics: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Analogical changes and paradigm levelling

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Historical linguistics: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Relative chronology of different changes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Historical linguistics: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Study of sound change in progress

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Historical linguistics: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Linguistic reconstruction-external vs. internal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • The comparative method; lexicostatistics; language contact and dialect geography-borrowing, and impact of borrowing; pidgins and creoles; bi-and multilingualism as the source for borrowing; dialect geography-dialect atlas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Isogloss, focal, transition, and relic areas

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Areal typology, universals, cross-linguistic features: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Formal and substantive universals, absolute and statistical universals

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Areal typology, universals, cross-linguistic features: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Implicational and non-implicational universals (greenberg)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Areal typology, universals, cross-linguistic features: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Linguistic relatedness

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Areal typology, universals, cross-linguistic features: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Universals and parametric variation

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Word order typology

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Salient features of South Asian languages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Indo-Aryan, Dravidian, Austro-Asiatic, and Tibeto-Burman language families

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Areal typology, universals, cross-linguistic features: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Linguistic survey of India

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Areal typology, universals, cross-linguistic features: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Contact induced typological change

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Methods of analysis: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Experimental and non-experimental methods

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Methods of analysis: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Sampling and tools

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Methods of analysis: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Data processing and interpretation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Methods of analysis: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Quantitative analysis of data

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Methods of analysis: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Ethnomethodology

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Methods of analysis: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Participant observation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Methods of analysis: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Field methods and elicitation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Methods of analysis: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Document creation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Methods of analysis: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Ethics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Applied linguistics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Psycholinguistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • The study of how humans learn, represent, comprehend, and produce language
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Topics include word recognition and storage, sentence production and comprehension, reading, speech perception, language acquisition, neural representation of language, bilingualism, and language disorders
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                GATE 2025 XH Philosophy 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Classical Indian philosophy: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Orthodox systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Sānkhya-Puruṣa, Prakṛti, Guṇas, Satkāryavāda, mokṣa (Kaivalya), Pramāṇas and theory of error, Yoga-Pramāṇas, theory of error, Iśvara, Citta, Kleśa, Aṣṭānga-yoga, Kaivalya (Mokṣa)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Nyāya-Pramāṇas, Hetvābhāsa, Iśvara, Asatkāryavāda, theory of error, Navya-Nyāya, Vaiśeṣika-Parataḥprāmāṇya, Padārthas (categories), theory of atomism (paramāṇuvāda), Mīmāmsā-dharma, Apūrva, mokṣa, Pramāṇas (both in Kumārila and Prabhākara), Anyathākhyāti
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Vedānta-Advaita (Adhyāsa, Brahman, Iśvara, Ātman, Jīva, Mokṣa, Viśiṣṭādvaita (Tattva-traya, mokṣa, and refutation of Māyāvāda), Dvaita, Dvaitādvaita, Śuddhādvaita, Pramāṇa in Advaita and Viśiṣṭādvaita

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Classical Indian philosophy: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Heterodox systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Cārvāka-Pramāṇa, Indian marerislism and Hedonism, Jainism-Pramāṇas, Syādvāda, Anekāntavāda, Padārtha (categories), Jīva and Ajīva, Mokṣa, Mahāvrata, Aṇuvrata, and Buddhism-Ti-piṭaka, Sarvāstivāda, Sautrāntika, Mādhyamika, Yogācāra-Vijñānavāda
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Buddhism-Pañca-skandha, Anityavāda, Anātmavāda, doctrine of momentariness, doctrine of dependent origination, Pramānas, doctrine of two truths, doctrine of Tri-kāya, Ṣaḍ-pāramitās, Brahmavihāras, Pāñcaśīla, and Bodhisattva Ideal, and Upāyakauśalya

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Classical Indian philosophy: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Upaniṣads, Bhagavadgītā, and Dharmaśāstras
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Philosophy of the Upaniṣads-pure Monism, Brahmam and Ātman, Pañca-kośa, Parā-vidyā and Aparā-vidyā, meaning of dharma, Ṛta, Purusārtha, Śreyas and Preyas, Varṇāśrama-dharma, dharma-Svadharma and Sādhāraṇa Dharma, Ṛna, Yajña, Karma-yoga, Sthitaprajña
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Lokasaṃgraha and law of Karma

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Classical Indian philosophy: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Kāṣmira Śaivism, Śaivasiddhānta, Vīra Śaivism, Śāktism, and Vaiṣṇavism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Kāṣmīra Śaivism-Pratyābhijña school, Śiva and Śakti, and conception of Kriyā, Śaivasiddhānta-God (pati) and divine power (śakti), proofs for God's existence, bondage and liberation, Vīra Śaivism-philosophical basis of Vīra Śaivism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Śāktism-philosophical basis of Śāktism, and Vaiṣṇavism-philosophical basis of Vaiṣṇavism

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Contemporary Indian philosophy: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Vivekananda
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Notion of God, freedom and Karma, nature of soul/ self, practical Vedanta, and universal religion

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Contemporary Indian philosophy: Unit 02


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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • World process-involution and evolution, four theories of existence, the supermind, integral yoga, and Gnostic being

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Contemporary Indian philosophy: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Iqbal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Nature of intuition, nature of self, and notion of God

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Contemporary Indian philosophy: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Tagore
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Humanism and nature of man, notion of religion, and nationalism

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Contemporary Indian philosophy: Unit 05


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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Concept of absolute and its alternative forms, and notion subjectivity and freedom

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Contemporary Indian philosophy: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Radhakrishnan
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Nature of ultimate reality, religious experience, intellect and intuition, Hindu view of life

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Contemporary Indian philosophy: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                J. Krishnamurti
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Notion of freedom, choiceless awareness, truth is a pathless land, and notion of education

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Contemporary Indian philosophy: Unit 08


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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Notion of truth, non-violence, Satyagraha, Swaraj, and trusteeship

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Contemporary Indian philosophy: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Ambedkar
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Annihilation of caste, neo-Buddhism, democracy, and natural rights and law

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Contemporary Indian philosophy: Unit 10


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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Radical humanism and materialism

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Classical and modern western philosophy: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Metaphysics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Pre-Socratic philosophy of Thales, Anaxagoras, Anaximenies, Ionians, Pythagoras, Parmenides, Heraclitus and Democritus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Metaphysics of Plato and Aristotle: The question of being (to on/ousia)-being as idea in Plato's Phaedo, republic and the Sophist, being as synthesis of hyle (matter) and morphe (form) in Aristotle's metaphysics and physics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Problem of evil and existence of God in St. Augustine, St. Anselm, and St. Thomas Aquinas metaphysics in modern philosophy: Substance, mind-body dualism, attribute, parallelism, pre-established harmony, the existence of God, problem of Solipsism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • St. Thomas Aquinas metaphysics in modern philosophy: Self and personal identity, rejection of metaphysics, phenomena and noumena, transcendental deduction of categories, being and becoming, absolute idealism

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Classical and modern western philosophy: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Epistemology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Plato and Aristotle's theory of knowledge, Doxa, Episteme, and Sophia, method of dialectics, theoretical and practical reason, theory of causation, Descarte's method of doubt, cogito ergo sum, innate ideas and its refutation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Principle of non-contradiction, sufficient reason, and identity of indiscernible, Locke's three grades of knowledge, Berkeley's critique of abstract ideas, Hume's impressions and ideas, induction and causality, Kant's Copernican revolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Forms of sensibility, possibility of synthetic a priori judgments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Hegel's dialectics, spirit, and absolute idealism

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Classical and modern western philosophy: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Ethics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Concepts of good, right, justice, duty, obligation, cardinal virtues, eudaemonism; intuition as explained in teleological and deontological theories; egoism, altruism, universalism, subjectivism, cultural relativism, super-naturalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Ethical realism and intuitionism, Kant's moral theory, postulates of morality, good-will, categorical imperative, duty, means and ends, maxims; utilitarianism: Principle of utility, problem of sanction and justification of morality
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Moral theories of Bentham, J.S. Mill, Sidgwick; theories of punishment; ethical cognitivism and non-cognitivism, emotivism, prescriptivism, descriptivism

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Classical and modern western philosophy: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Social and political philosophy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Plato's theory of justice and state, Aristotle's definition of state and political naturalism; classical liberalism and social contract theory (Hobbes, Rousseau, Locke); Marx's dialectical materialism, alienation, and critique of capitalism

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Classical and modern western philosophy: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Logic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Truth and validity, nature of propositions, categorical syllogism, laws of thought classification of propositions square of opposition, truth-functions and propositional logic, quantification and rules of quantification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Symbolic logic: Use of symbols; truth table for testing the validity of arguments; differences between deductive and inductive logic, causality and Mill's method

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Contemporary western philosophy: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Frege's sense and reference

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Contemporary western philosophy: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Logical positivism's verification theory of meaning

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Contemporary western philosophy: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Elimination of metaphysics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Contemporary western philosophy: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Moore's distinction between sense and reference

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Contemporary western philosophy: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Defense of common-sense

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Contemporary western philosophy: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Proof of an external world

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Contemporary western philosophy: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Russell's logical atomism

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Contemporary western philosophy: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Definite descriptions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Contemporary western philosophy: Unit 09


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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Contemporary western philosophy: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Wittgenstein on language and reality

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Contemporary western philosophy: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    The picture theory

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Contemporary western philosophy: Unit 12


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Critique of private language

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Contemporary western philosophy: Unit 13


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Meaning and use

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Contemporary western philosophy: Unit 14


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Forms of life

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Contemporary western philosophy: Unit 15


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Gilbert Ryle on systematically misleading expressions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Contemporary western philosophy: Unit 16


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Critique of Cartesian dualism

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Contemporary western philosophy: Unit 17


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                W.V.O. Quine's two dogmas of empiricism

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Contemporary western philosophy: Unit 18


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  P.F. Strawson's concept of person

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Contemporary western philosophy: Unit 19


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Husserl's phenomenological method

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Philosophy as a rigorous science

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Contemporary western philosophy: Unit 21


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Intentionality

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Contemporary western philosophy: Unit 22


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Phenomenological reduction

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Contemporary western philosophy: Unit 23


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Inter-subjectivity

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Contemporary western philosophy: Unit 24


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Heidegger's concept of being (Dasein)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Contemporary western philosophy: Unit 25


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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Contemporary western philosophy: Unit 26


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Sartre's concept of freedom, bad-faith, humanism

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Contemporary western philosophy: Unit 27


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Merleau-Ponty on perception

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Contemporary western philosophy: Unit 28


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Embodied consciousness

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Contemporary western philosophy: Unit 29


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        William James's pragmatic theories of meaning and truth

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Contemporary western philosophy: Unit 30


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Varieties of religious experience

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Contemporary western philosophy: Unit 31


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            John Dewey on pragmatist epistemology with focus on inquiry

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Contemporary western philosophy: Unit 32


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Fallibilism and experience

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Contemporary western philosophy: Unit 33


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Education

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Contemporary western philosophy: Unit 34


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Nietzsche on the critique of enlightenment

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Contemporary western philosophy: Unit 35


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Will to power

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Contemporary western philosophy: Unit 36


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Genealogy of moral

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Contemporary western philosophy: Unit 37


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Richard Rorty's critique of representationalism

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Contemporary western philosophy: Unit 38


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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Contemporary western philosophy: Unit 39


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Edifying philosophy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Contemporary western philosophy: Unit 40


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Levinas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Ethics as a first philosophy, philosophy of 'other'

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Contemporary western philosophy: Unit 41


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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Contemporary western philosophy: Unit 42


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Nozick's critique of Rawls

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Libertarianism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Charles Taylor's communitarianism, critique of the liberal self, politics of recognition

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Contemporary western philosophy: Unit 44


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Martha Nussbaum's liberal feminism and capability approach
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    GATE 2025 XH Psychology 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Research methods and statistics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Approaches to research
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Philosophical world views and criteria involved in approach
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Research design: Quantitative and qualitative, mixed methods

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Research methods and statistics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Designing research
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Research problems, purpose statement, variables and operational definitions, hypothesis, sampling

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Research methods and statistics: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Nature of quantitative and qualitative research
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Structured, semi-structured interviewing, self-completion questionnaires (survey), observation, experimental, Quasi-experimental, field studies, focus groups discussions, narratives, case studies, ethnography

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Research methods and statistics: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ethics in conducting and reporting research

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Research methods and statistics: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Statistics in psychology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Measures of central tendency and dispersion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Normal probability curve
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Parametric and non-parametric tests effect size and power analysis

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Research methods and statistics: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Correlational analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Correlation (product moment, rank order), partial correlation, multiple correlation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Special correlation methods: biserial, point biserial, tetrachoric, phi coefficient
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Regression: simple linear regression, multiple regression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Factor analysis: assumptions, methods, rotation and interpretation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Research methods and statistics: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Experimental designs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • ANOVA (one-way, factorial), randomized block designs, repeated measures design, Latin square, cohort studies, time series, MANOVA, ANCOVA
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Single-subject designs

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Psychometrics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Basic components
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Scales and items' construction and analysis of items: Intelligence test items, performance tests, ability and aptitude test, personality questionnaires

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Psychometrics: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Method of test construction

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Psychometrics: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Standardization of measures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Reliability, validity, norms, application of assessment and measurements in tests-applications of psychological testing in various settings-educations, counselling and guidance, clinical, organizational and developmental

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Biological and evolutionary basis of behaviour: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Heredity and behaviour evolution and natural selection

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Biological and evolutionary basis of behaviour: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Nervous system

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Biological and evolutionary basis of behaviour: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            structures of the brain and their functions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Biological and evolutionary basis of behaviour: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Neurons
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Structure, functions, types, neural impulse, synaptic transmission

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Biological and evolutionary basis of behaviour: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Neurotransmitters

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Biological and evolutionary basis of behaviour: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Hemispheric lateralization

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Biological and evolutionary basis of behaviour: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  The endocrine system types and functions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Biological and evolutionary basis of behaviour: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Biological basis of motivation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Hunger, thirst, sleep and sex

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Biological and evolutionary basis of behaviour: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Biological basis of emotion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • The limbic system, hormonal regulation of behaviour

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Biological and evolutionary basis of behaviour: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Methods of physiological psychology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Invasive methods-anatomical methods, degeneration techniques, lesion techniques, chemical methods, microelectrode studies, non-invasive methods-EEG, scanning methods

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Biological and evolutionary basis of behaviour: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Muscular and glandular system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Genetics and behaviour: Chromosomal anomalies; nature-nurture controversy (twin studies and adoption studies)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Perception, learning, memory and forgetting: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    What is sensation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Perception, learning, memory and forgetting: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Sensory thresholds and sensory adaptations

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Perception, learning, memory and forgetting: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Vision

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Perception, learning, memory and forgetting: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Hearing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Perception, learning, memory and forgetting: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Touch and pain

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Perception, learning, memory and forgetting: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Smell and taste

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Perception, learning, memory and forgetting: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Kinesthesis and vestibular sense

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Perception, learning, memory and forgetting: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Perception
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Role of attention; organizing principles of perception, gestalt perception, depth perception and illusions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Perception, learning, memory and forgetting: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Theories of learning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Classical conditioning, operant conditioning, social learning theory, cognitive learning

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Perception, learning, memory and forgetting: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Memory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Encoding, storage, retrieval, information processing theories of memory, retrieval in long term memory, reconstructive nature of long-term memory

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Perception, learning, memory and forgetting: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Forgetting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Encoding failure, interference theory, memory trace decay theory, the physical aspects of memory

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Cognition: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Thinking, intelligence, and language
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Basic elements of though: Concepts, propositions, imagery
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Current paradigms of cognitive psychology-information processing approach, ecological approach, problem solving: Methods of problem solving, strategies and obstacles, role of metacognitive processing, decision-making: Choosing among alternatives
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Intelligence: Theories of intelligence (Spearman; Thurstone; Jensen; Cattell; Gardner; Stenberg) and emotional intelligence; measuring intelligence, individual differences in intelligence; role of heredity and environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Difference between Intelligence, aptitude and creativity

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Personality: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Theories of personality
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Psychoanalytic, behaviourist, social cognitive view, humanism and trait and type theories, biology of personality and assessment of personality

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Motivation, emotion and stress and coping: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Approaches to understanding motivation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Instinct, drive-reduction, arousal, incentive, humanistic, achievement motivation, intrinsic motivation, aggression, curiosity and exploration

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Motivation, emotion and stress and coping: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Emotions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Nature of emotions; biological basis of emotions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Motivation, emotion and stress and coping: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Theories of emotions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • James-Lange, Canon-Bard, Schachter and Singer, Lazarus, definition of stress; what are stressors; cognitive factors in stress

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Motivation, emotion and stress and coping: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Factors in stress reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • General adaptation syndrome; effect of stress

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Motivation, emotion and stress and coping: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Coping with stress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Problem-focused coping; emotion-focused coping, REBT and meditation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Social psychology: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Social perception
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Attribution; impression formation; social categorization, implicit personality theory

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Social psychology: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Social influence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Conformity, compliance and obedience, attitudes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Social psychology: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Beliefs and values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Evaluating the social world, attitude formation, attitude change and persuasion, cognitive dissonance, prejudice, discrimination, aggression, power and prosocial behaviour, Belief systems and value patterns

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Social psychology: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Group dynamics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Social psychology: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Leadership style and effectiveness

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Development across the life span: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Nature versus nurture in human development

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Development across the life span: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Prenatal development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chromosomes, genes and DNA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Development across the life span: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Physical, cognitive and psychosocial development in infancy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Development across the life span: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Childhood, adolescence and adulthood

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Development across the life span: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Theories of aging

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Development across the life span: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Moral development

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Applications of psychology: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Psychological disorders
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Conceptions of mental disorders; assessment and diagnosis, DSM and other tools, PTSD and trauma

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Applications of psychology: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Psychotherapies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Psychodynamic, phenomenological/ experiential therapy; behaviour therapy; cognitive therapy; biological therapy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Applications of psychology: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Applications of theories of motivation and learning in school
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Factors in educational achievement; counselling and guidance in schools, application of theories of motivation, learning, emotions, perceptions, group dynamics and leadership to organizational set up, issues of personal space, crowding, and territoriality
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                GATE 2025 XH Sociology 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Sociological theory: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Classical sociological traditions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Emile Durkheim (social solidarity, social facts, religion, functionalism, suicide, anomie, division of labour, law; Max Weber (types of authority, social action, protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism, bureaucracy, ideal type, methodology)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Karl Marx: Class and class conflict, dialectical and historical materialism, capitalism, surplus value, alienation)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Sociological theory: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Structural-functionalism and structuralism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Bronislaw Malinowski; A.R. Radcliffe-Brown, Talcott Parsons (AGIL, systems approach), Robert K. Merton (middle range theory, reference groups, latent and manifest function), Claude Levi Strauss (myths, structuralism)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Sociological theory: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Hermeneutic and interpretative traditions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • G.H. Mead, Alfred Schutz (phenomenology); Harold Garfinkel (ethnomethodology); Erving Goffman (symbolic interaction, dramaturgy); ∙Clifford Geertz (culture, thick description)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Sociological theory: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Post-modernism, post-structuralism, and post-colonialism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Pierre Bourdieu, Michel Foucault, Jurgen Habermas, Anthony Giddens, Frankfurt School

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Sociological theory: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Conflict theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Ralf Dahrendorf; C Wright Mills

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Sociological theory: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Indian thinkers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • M.K. Gandhi, B.R. Ambedkar, Radha Kamal Mukherjee, G. S. Ghurye, M.N. Srinivas, Irawati Karve,

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Research methodology and methods: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Conceptualizing social reality
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Philosophy of science; scientific method and epistemology in social science; Hermeneutic traditions; objectivity and reflexivity in social science; ethics and politics of research

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Research methodology and methods: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Research design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Reading social science research, data and documents; induction and deduction; fact, concept and theory; hypotheses, research questions, objectives

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Research methodology and methods: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Quantitative and qualitative methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Ethnography; survey method; historical method; comparative method

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Research methodology and methods: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Research techniques
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Sampling; questionnaire and schedule; statistical analysis; observation, interview and case study; interpretation, data analysis and report writing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Sociological concepts: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Sociological concepts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Social structure; culture; network; status and role; identity; community; socialization; diaspora; values, norms and rules; personhood, habitus and agency; bureaucracy, power and authority; self and society

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Sociological concepts: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Social institutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Marriage, family and kinship; economy; polity; religion; education; law and customs

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Sociological concepts: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Social stratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Social difference, hierarchy, inequality and marginalization: Caste and class; status and power; gender, sexuality and disability; race, tribe and ethnicity

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Sociological concepts: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Social change
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Evolution and diffusion; modernization and development; social transformations and globalization; social mobility-Sanskritisation, educational and occupational change

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Agrarian sociology and rural transformation: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Rural and peasant society

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Agrarian sociology and rural transformation: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Caste-tribe distinction and continuum

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Agrarian sociology and rural transformation: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Agrarian social structure and emergent class relations

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Agrarian sociology and rural transformation: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Land ownership and agrarian relations

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Agrarian sociology and rural transformation: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Decline of agrarian economy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Agrarian sociology and rural transformation: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          De-peasantization and agrarian change

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Agrarian sociology and rural transformation: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Agrarian unrest and peasant movements

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Agrarian sociology and rural transformation: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Feudalism

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Agrarian sociology and rural transformation: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Mode of production debate

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Agrarian sociology and rural transformation: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Land reforms

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Agrarian sociology and rural transformation: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Panchayati raj

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Agrarian sociology and rural transformation: Unit 12


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Rural development programmes and community development

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Agrarian sociology and rural transformation: Unit 13


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Green revolution and agricultural change

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Agrarian sociology and rural transformation: Unit 14


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Peasants and farmers movements

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Family, marriage, and kinship: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Theoretical approaches
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Structural-functionalist, alliance and cultural; gender relations and power dynamics; inheritance, succession and authority; gender, sexuality, and reproduction; children, youth, and elderly; emotions and family; emergent forms of family
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Changing marriage practices; changing care and support systems; family laws; domestic violence and crime against women; honour killing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Indian society/ sociology of India: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Colonial, nationalist, indological perspectives (G.S.Ghurye)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Indian society/ sociology of India: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Structural-functional approach (M.N. Srinivas)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Indian society/ sociology of India: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Dialectical approach (A.R. Desai)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Indian society/ sociology of India: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Subaltern studies (R. Guha)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Indian society/ sociology of India: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Non Brahmin perspectives (Phule, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Indian society/ sociology of India: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Feminist perspectives (Leela Dube, Sharmila Rege)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Indian society/ sociology of India: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Social institutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Family, kinship, household, village and urban settings

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Indian society/ sociology of India: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Social stratification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Caste, class, tribe and gender

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Indian society/ sociology of India: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Village studies

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Indian society/ sociology of India: Unit 12


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Communalism and secularism

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Social movements: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Introduction to social movements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Nature, definitions, characteristics; social movement and social change; types of social movements (reform, rebellion, revival, revolution, insurrection, counter movement)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Social movements: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Theories of social movements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Structural-functional; Marxist; resource mobilization theory; new social movements

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Social movements: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Social movement in India with specific reference to social basis, leadership, ideology and actions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Peasant movement; labour movement; Dalit movement; women's movement, environmental movement

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Social movements: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Social movements, civil society, and globalization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Social movement and its relationship with state and civil society; social movements and impact of globalization: Debates; issues of citizenship

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Sociology of development: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Perspectives on the study of development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Definitions and indices; liberal, Marxist, and Neo-Marxist perspectives (dependency theory, world systems); epistemological critiques of development

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Sociology of development: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            State and market
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Institutions and ideologies: Planned development and society; globalisation and liberalization

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Sociology of development: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            The micro-politics of development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Transforming communities: Maps and models; knowledge and power in development; re-inventing development: Subaltern movements; post-colonial development; decentralization and devolution; participatory approaches

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Sociology of development: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Sustainable development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Post-sustainable development; development, violence and inequality; post-structural perspectives (Escobar); alternative development paradigms; feminist critique; human development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE 2025 Geomatics Engineering 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            General aptitude: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Verbal aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Basic English grammar: Tenses, articles, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, verb-noun agreement, and other parts of speech, basic vocabulary: Words, idioms, and phrases in context, reading and comprehension, narrative sequencing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            General aptitude: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Quantitative aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Data interpretation: Data graphs (bar graphs, pie charts, and other graphs representing data), 2- and 3-dimensional plots, maps, and tables, numerical computation and estimation: Ratios, percentages, powers, exponents and logarithms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Numerical computation and estimation: Permutations and combinations, and series, mensuration and geometry, elementary statistics and probability

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            General aptitude: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Analytical aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Logic: Deduction and induction, analogy, numerical relations and reasoning

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            General aptitude: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Spatial aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Transformation of shapes: Translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring, assembling, and grouping, paper folding, cutting, and patterns in 2 and 3 dimensions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Geomatics engineering (part-A): Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Engineering mathematics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Surveying measurements, accuracy, precision, most probable value, errors and their adjustments, regression analysis, correlation coefficient, least square adjustment, statistical significant value, chi square test

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Geomatics engineering (part-A): Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Remote sensing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Basic concept, electromagnetic spectrum, spectral signature, resolutions-spectral
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Spatial, temporal and radiometric, platforms and sensors, remote sensing data products-PAN, multispectral, microwave, thermal, hyperspectral, visual, and digital interpretation methods

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Geomatics engineering (part-A): Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GNSS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Principle used, components of GNSS, data collection methods, DGPS, errors in observations and corrections

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Geomatics engineering (part-A): Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GIS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Introduction, data sources, data models and data structures, algorithms, DBMS, creation of databases (spatial and non-spatial), spatial analysis-interpolation, buffer, overlay, terrain modeling and network analysis

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Geomatics engineering (part-B: Section-I): Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Maps
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Importance of maps to engineering projects, types of maps, scales and uses, plotting accuracy, map sheet numbering, coordinate systems-Cartesian and geographical, map projections, map datum-MSL, Geoid, spheroid, WGS-84

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Geomatics engineering (part-B: Section-I): Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Land surveying
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Various levels, levelling methods, compass, theodolite and total station and their uses, tachometer, trigonometric levelling, traversing, triangulation, and trilateration

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Geomatics engineering (part-B: Section-I): Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Aerial photogrammetry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Types of photographs, flying height and scale, relief (height) displacement, stereoscopy, 3-D Model, height determination using parallax bar, digital elevation model (DEM), slope

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Geomatics engineering (part-B: Section-I): Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Data quantization and processing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Sampling and quantization theory, principle of linear system, convolution, continuous, and discrete Fourier transform

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Geomatics engineering (part-B: Section-II): Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Digital image processing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Digital image characteristics: Image histogram and scattergram and their significance, variance-covariance matrix, correlation matrix and their significance

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Geomatics engineering (part-B: Section-II): Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Radiometric and geometric corrections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Registration and resampling techniques

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Geomatics engineering (part-B: Section-II): Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Image enhancement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Contrast enhancement: Linear and non-linear methods; spatial enhancement: Noise and spatial filters

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Geomatics engineering (part-B: Section-II): Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Image transformation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Principal component analysis (PCA), discriminant analysis, color transformations (RGB-IHS, CMYK), indices (Ratios, NDVI, NDWI)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Geomatics engineering (part-B: Section-II): Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Image segmentation and classification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Simple techniques
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE 2025 Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            General aptitude: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Verbal aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Basic English grammar: Tenses, articles, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, verb-noun agreement, and other parts of speech, basic vocabulary: Words, idioms, and phrases in context, reading and comprehension, narrative sequencing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            General aptitude: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Quantitative aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Data interpretation: Data graphs (bar graphs, pie charts, and other graphs representing data), 2- and 3-dimensional plots, maps, and tables, numerical computation and estimation: Ratios, percentages, powers, exponents and logarithms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Numerical computation and estimation: Permutations and combinations, and series, mensuration and geometry, elementary statistics and probability

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            General aptitude: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Analytical aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Logic: Deduction and induction, analogy, numerical relations and reasoning

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            General aptitude: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Spatial aptitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Transformation of shapes: Translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring, assembling, and grouping, paper folding, cutting, and patterns in 2 and 3 dimensions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Naval architecture and marine engineering: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Engineering mathematics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Determinants and matrices, systems of linear equations, eigen values and eigen vectors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Functions, gradient, divergence, curl, chain rules, partial derivatives, directional derivatives, definite and indefinite integrals, line surface and volume integrals, theorems of Stokes, Gauss, and Green
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Linear, non-linear, first and higher order ordinary and partial differential equations, separation of variables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Laplace transformation, analytical functions of complex variables, Fourier series, numerical methods for differentiation and integration, complex analysis, probability and statistics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Naval architecture and marine engineering: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Applied mechanics and structures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Engineering mechanics: Free-body diagrams and equilibrium; trusses and frames; virtual work; kinematics and dynamics of particles and rigid bodies in plane motion; impulse and momentum (linear and angular) and energy formulations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Mechanics of materials: Stress and strain, elastic constants, Poisson’s ratio; Mohr’s circle for plane stress and plane strain; shear force and bending moment diagrams; bending and shear stresses; torsion; Euler’s theory of columns; energy methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Mechanics of materials: Theories and failure, material testing methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Vibrations: Free and forced vibration of damped and undamped systems, single and multi DOF systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Machine design: Design for static and dynamic loading; design of machine elements such as shafts, gears, rolling and sliding contact bearings; joining technics such as bolting, riveting and welding

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Naval architecture and marine engineering: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Fluid mechanics and marine hydrodynamics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Fluid mechanics: Fluid properties; fluid statics, stability of floating bodies; conservation laws: Mass, momentum, and energy (integral and differential form); dimensional analysis and dynamic similarity; sources, sinks, doublets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Line vortex and their superposition; Stoke’s integral theorem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Generalised Bernoulli’s equation, sources, sinks, dipole, flow with circulation, potential flow with rotational symmetry, hydrodynamical lift, Kutta-Joukowski theorem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Vortex motion-fundamental concepts, vortex analogy to Biot-savart’s law, straight parallel vortex filaments, vortex sheets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Viscous flownavier-Stokes equations, Couette flow, plane Poiseuille flow
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Equation of continuity, Eeuler‘s equation, Bernoulli‘s equation, viscous flow of incompressible fluids, elementary turbulent flow, boundary layer, flow through pipes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Boundary layer theory-Prandtl’s boundary layer equations, criterion for separation, Blasius solution, skin friction, displacement thickness, momentum thickness, turbulent boundary layer, boundary layer control
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Airfoils-lift, drag, circulation, pressure distribution-theory of thin aerofoils, wings of infinite and finite span, circulation distribution, cavitation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Vorticity and Kelvin’s theorem, potential flow theory, sources, sinks and doublets, hydrodynamic forces in potential flow, D’Alembert’s paradox, added-mass, Slender-Body theory, hydrodynamic model testing, scaling laws
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Application of potential theory to surface waves, energy transport, wave/ body forces, linearised theory of lifting surfaces

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Naval architecture and marine engineering: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Naval architecture and ocean engineering
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Ship geometry and physical fundamentals-Archimedes’ principle, buoyancy and weight of ship, laws of flotation, heel and trim, stable and unstable equilibrium of ships, importance of streamlined hull shape, ship main particulars, hydrostatic calculations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Stability and trim of ships: Statical stability at small angles of heel, inclining experiment. Shift of centre of gravity due to addition or removal of mass, transverse movement of mass and effect, free surface effect, effect of suspended mass
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Stability and trim of ships: Stability at large angles of heel, angle of loll, curves of statical stability, dynamical stability, probabilistic and deterministic damage stability different characteristic curves of dynamic stability
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Stability and trim of ships: Floodable length calculations and curves. Loss of stability due to grounding, docking stability
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Resistance and propulsion: Components of ship resistance, form factor, hull roughness, model testing and ship resistance prediction methods, tank wall effects, determination of ship resistance different series test results, resistance of advanced vehicles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Resistance and propulsion: Appendage and added resistance. Geometry of screw propeller, propeller theories, hull-propeller interactions, different propulsive efficiency definitions. Propeller cavitation and effects. Propeller design and series
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Resistance and propulsion: Open water and self propulsion model tests. Different types of propellers and their working principles. Propeller material, strength and manufacturing. Unconventional propellers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Ship manoeuvring and motions: Ship path keeping and changing, equations of motion, linearised equations and control fixed stability indexes, model tests. Stability and control in the horizontal and vertical planes-definitive manoeuvres and sea trials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Ship manoeuvring and motions: Rudder hydrodynamics, design and operation. Influence of propeller, hull, appendages, etc on rudder performance. Experimental methods for the determination of hydrodynamic derivatives
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Ship manoeuvring and motions: Ocean waves-regular, irregular, trochoidal. Wave spectrum, encounter frequency. Types of ship motions, coupled and non-coupled motions, equations of motion. Dynamic effects of ship motion in seaway
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Ship manoeuvring and motions: Different ship motion stabilisers-passive and active. Different numerical and experimental methods to determine ship motions-strip theory, BEM, FEM. Sea keeping features of high-performance marine vehicles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Ship structures and strength: Shipbuilding materials, joining techniques, ship structural and framing systems-bottom, side, deck, bulkhead, end structures, and structural connections. Primary and secondary structural members, superstructure, hatch covers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Ship structures and strength: Machinery foundations, cargo handling systems and support structures. Loads acting on ships in seaway, longitudinal and transverse strength considerations and estimation methods. Strength of hull girder
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Ship structures and strength: Stiffened plate analysis, torsion of hull girder, deformation and stresses, local strength analysis; reliability analysis and ultimate strength of hull girder, structural vibrations, fatigue and fracture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Physical oceanography: Physical properties of seawater, different types of ocean waves-tides and wind waves, and their importance. Offshore structures: Fixed offshore platforms-jackets, gravity platforms; floating platforms-semi-submersibles, jack-ups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Physical oceanography: Floating platforms-TLPs, FPSOs; mooring, station keeping. Port and harbor engineering: Ports and harbours, port structures-jetties, dolphins, liquid berths, dredging, navigation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Naval architecture and marine engineering: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Thermodynamics and marine engineering
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Thermodynamics: First law of thermodynamics-closed system undergoing a cycle; closed system undergoing a change of state; internal energy of a system; expansion work; process using ideal gas-constant pressure, constant volume, isothermal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Thermodynamics: First law of thermodynamics-adiabatic and polytropic process-work done and heat added in different process; first law applied to one-dimensional steady flow process, flow energy, steady flow energy equation (ID)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Thermodynamics: Second law of thermodynamics-different statements; reversible and irreversible process; corollaries of second law-absolute temperature scale; Carnot cycle-Carnot engine, refrigerator and heat pump
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Thermodynamics: Clausius inequality and definition of entropy, change of entropy of an ideal gas; gas power cycles and IC engines; gas power cycles: Carnot cycle, Brayton cycle, Erricson cycle, Sterling cycle etc; air standard cycles-Otto-diesel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Thermodynamics: Dual and joule cycle; evaluation of thermal efficiency and mean effective pressure; internal combustion engine-classification of IC engines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Thermodynamics: Internal combustion engine-principle of operation of spark ignition and compression ignition engines both two stroke and four stroke; stages of combustion in SI and CI engines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Thermodynamics: Knocking and detonation-factors controlling knock and detonation, methods of preventing Knocking and detonation; refrigeration-principle of operation of simple vapour compression system, comparison with vapour compression systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Thermodynamics: Air conditioning principles-sensible heating and cooling, humidification and dehumidification, cooling and humidification, cooling and dehumidification-heating and humidification, heating and dehumidification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Thermodynamics: Adiabatic mixing of air streams-cooling and heating load calculation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Marine diesel engines: General engine principles, low speed and medium speed diesel engines, two and four stroke engines, scavenging and turbocharging, fuel oil system, lubricating oil systems, cooling systems, torque and power measurement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Marine diesel engines: Starting air systems and reversing systems, controls and safety devices, couplings and gearboxes, specific fuel consumption. Waste heat recovery system, MARPOL regulations and energy efficiency design index (EEDI)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Marine diesel engines: Ship energy efficiency management plan (SEEMP)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Marine steam turbines: Types of turbines, compounding, reheat, turbine construction, rotors, blades, casing, gland sealing, diaphragms, nozzles, bearings, etc lubrication systems, expansion arrangements, gearings. Marine gas turbines-fundamentals of GT
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Marine steam turbines: Marine gas turbines-structure of gas turbines, gearing, operational features, controls, combined cycles. Nuclear propulsion-physical principles of the operation of nuclear reactors, use of nuclear propulsion on seagoing vessels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Marine steam turbines: Nuclear propulsion-electrical propulsion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Marine boilers: Types-fire tube, water tube boilers, package boilers, cochran boilers, composite boilers, steam to steam generators, double evaporation boilers, exhaust gas heat exchangers, auxiliary steam plant systems, exhaust gas boilers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Marine boilers: Types-composite boilers. Boiler mounting, combustion, feed system, feed water treatment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Engine dynamics: Torsional vibration of engine and shafting, axial shaft vibration, critical speeds, engine rating, rating corrections, trial tests, etc relationship of engine to the propeller classification society rules on engine construction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Engine dynamics: Engine room arrangement. Automation of ship propulsion plants, maintenance requirements and reliability of propulsion plants
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Marine auxiliary machinery and systems: Different types of pumps and piping systems in ships-hot water, drinking water, cooling water and seawater, fuel oil systems, lubricating oil system filters, coolers, centrifuges, purifiers and clarifiers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Marine auxiliary machinery and systems: Bilge and ballast systems, sewage disposal, oily water separator, air compressors, boilers, heat exchangers, waste heat recovery systems; heat, ventilation and air conditioning systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Marine auxiliary machinery and systems: Dech machinery and cargo handling systems; propulsions and steering gear systems

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            IIT Roorkee has released the official GATE mock test 2025 online. The GATE 2025 mock test link is updated on the official website, gate2025.iitr.ac.in. Candidates preparing for the exam must take the mock test for GATE 2025. The mock test will help candidates understand the exam pattern, analyse their strengths and weaknesses, and identify areas that need improvement.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Additionally, various coaching institutes and online platforms also offer mock tests for GATE 2025, which candidates can take to practise and improve their skills. These mock tests usually cover the entire GATE 2025 syllabus and provide detailed solutions to the questions, helping candidates to understand the concepts better.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Candidates can also use the GATE 2025 mock tests to manage their time effectively during the actual exam. By practising with mock tests, candidates can develop a strategy to attempt the exam in the given time frame and avoid spending too much time on difficult questions.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            How to attempt the GATE 2025 Mock Test?

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Here are some general steps that can help you attempt the GATE mock test 2025:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Choose a quiet and distraction-free place to take the mock test, preferably a location similar to where you will be taking the actual GATE exam.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Familiarise yourself with the instructions and format of the mock test before beginning the test.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Set a timer and attempt the mock test within the given time frame, as time management is a crucial aspect of the GATE exam.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Attempt the mock test as if it were the actual GATE exam, and try to answer all the questions to the best of your ability.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • After completing the mock test, review the answers and analyse your performance. Identify the questions you answered correctly, the questions you got wrong, and the questions you left unanswered.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Analyse your performance and identify areas where you need to improve. Focus on practising more questions in those areas.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Take the mock test multiple times to improve your speed, accuracy, and time management skills.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Make note of the important points, formulae, and concepts that you come across during the mock test, as they will be useful for revision.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE Mock Test - Previous year's

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Subject Code

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE Paper

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE Mock Test

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            AE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Aerospace Engineering

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE AE mock test

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            AG

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Agricultural Engineering

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE AG mock test

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            AR

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Architecture and Planning

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE AR mock test

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BT

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Biotechnology

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE BT mock test

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Civil Engineering

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CE1: GATE CE mock test

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CE2: GATE CE mock test

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CH

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Chemical Engineering

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE CH mock test

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Computer Science and Information Technology

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Chemistry

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE CY mock test

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            EC

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Electronics and Communication Engineering

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE EC mock test

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            EE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Electrical Engineering

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE EE mock test

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Environmental Science and Engineering

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE ES mock test

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Ecology and Evolution

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE EY mock test

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GG

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Geology and Geophysics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE GG mock test

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            IN

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Instrumentation Engineering

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE IN mock test

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            MA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Mathematics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE MA mock test

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ME

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Mechanical Engineering

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ME 1: GATE ME mock test

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ME 2: GATE ME mock test

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            MN

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Mining Engineering

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE MN mock test

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            MT

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Metallurgical Engineering

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE MT mock test

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            PE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Petroleum Engineering

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE PE mock test

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            PH

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Physics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE PH mock test

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            PI

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Production and Industrial Engineering

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE PI mock test

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ST

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Statistics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE ST mock test

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            TF

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Textile Engineering and Fiber Science

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE TF mock test

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            XE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Engineering Sciences

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE XE mock test

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            XL

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Life Sciences

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE XL mock test

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BM

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Biomedical Engineering

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE BM mock test

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            XH

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Humanities & Social Sciences

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            C1: GATE Economics mock test

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            C2: GATE English mock test

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            C3: GATE Linguistics mock test

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            C4:GATE Philosophy mock test

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            C5:GATE Psychology mock test

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            C6GATE Sociology mock test

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE (Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering) is a highly competitive exam that tests the aptitude and technical knowledge of candidates in various fields of engineering and science. To help candidates ace this exam, here are some preparation tips for GATE 2025:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Understand the Syllabus: The first step in preparing for any exam is to understand the syllabus thoroughly. Go through the GATE exam syllabus and make a note of the topics that you need to study.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Create a Study Plan: After understanding the syllabus, create a study plan that suits your schedule. Allocate sufficient time for each topic and revise regularly.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Study Materials: Collect quality study materials like textbooks, reference books, previous years' question papers, and online resources for your GATE exam preparation.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Take Online Mock Tests: Take online mock tests and evaluate your performance. This will help you to understand your strengths and weaknesses and improve your speed and accuracy.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Focus on Conceptual Clarity: GATE is a conceptual exam, and it is essential to have a clear understanding of the concepts. Focus on building conceptual clarity and practice solving numerical problems.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Make Short Notes: While studying, make short notes of important formulas, theorems, and definitions. These notes will come in handy during revision.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Solve Previous Year Question Papers: Solving previous year's question papers is one of the most effective ways to prepare for GATE. It helps you to understand the exam pattern, the types of questions asked, and the difficulty level.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Time Management: Time management is critical during the exam. Practice solving problems under time constraints to improve your speed and accuracy.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Stay Motivated: Stay motivated throughout your preparation. Stay positive, focused, and dedicated towards your goal.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Take Care of Yourself: Lastly, take care of yourself physically and mentally. Get enough sleep, eat a balanced diet, exercise regularly, and take breaks to refresh your mind.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Related links:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE Topper Interview

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Candidates can read some of the previous year's topper interviews from the below table.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Topper Name

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            All India Rank (AIR)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Topper interview link

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Rajat Gupta

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            8 (ME)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Read Interview

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Anirudh Joshi

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            14 (PE)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Read Interview

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Arunava Mondal

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            5 (MN)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Read Interview

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Ankita Modi

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            14 (BM)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Read Interview

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Yogesh Singh Dosad

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            23 (AG)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Read Interview

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Chirag Katariya

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            AIR 2 (PE)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Read Interview

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Yatish Naman Asthana

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2 (AR)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Read Interview

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Siddharth Gupta

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            AIR 18 (XH)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Read Interview

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Amrit Layak

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            AIR 13 (TF)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Read Interview

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Navneet Gangwar

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            AIR 4 (CS)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Read Interview

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Sourav Duari

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            AIR 1 (PH)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Read Interview

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            IIT Roorkee will release the GATE 2025 admit card on January 2, 2025, on the official website, gate2025.iitr.ac.in. Candidates will have to log in to the GOAPS (GATE Online Application Processing System) to download the GATE admit card 2025. Registered candidates will require their enrollment or email ID and password. Candidates need to keep their admit card safe throughout the admission process and present it along with valid identity proof while reporting to the exam centre. In case of any errors in the GATE 2025 admit card, candidates will have to contact the concerned authorities for rectification.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Steps to download GATE Admit Card 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Firstly, candidates must visit the GATE official website 2025.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Candidates should click on the link for the admit card available on the official website.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • They have to log in on the official website by entering the GATE enrollment ID, registered email ID, password, and captcha.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • After entering the details, candidates should submit them, and the admit card will be displayed to the candidates.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Candidates can download and save the admit card and also take a printout of it.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Candidates have to check all the details mentioned on the admit card before downloading.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE Admit Card Image

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE_admit_card_2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            List of documents allowed with GATE 2025 admit card (Indian Students)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Indian students appearing for the GATE 2025 exam will have to carry a valid photo identity card along with their admit card. Here is a list of documents that are allowed:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Aadhaar Card
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Passport
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Voter ID Card
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • PAN Card
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Driving Licence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • College ID
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Employee ID

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            List of documents allowed for International Candidates

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Valid Passport
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Government Issued ID
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • College ID
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Employee ID

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Candidates who will be appearing for the exam will be able to check the student's reactions for GATE 2025 after each shift and session of the examination. Based on this reaction of students, aspirants who will be sitting for the next shifts and sessions will be able to analyse the paper and prepare accordingly for the exam.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE Previous Year Student Reaction:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE 2023 Student Reaction:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Exam DayShift 1Shift 2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            February 4, 2023Easy to moderate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Moderate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            February 5, 2023
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Easy to moderateModerate to Tough
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            February 11, 2023
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            EasyModerate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            February 12, 2023
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Moderate to ToughModerate

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            IIT Roorkee will release the GATE 2025 answer key on the official website. The GATE answer key will be prepared available along with the question paper. Candidates do not require any login credentials to download the GATE answer key pdf. The answer key contains the correct answers to all the questions asked in the exam. Candidates can use it to check their answers and predict their estimated scores.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            The GATE Answer Key 2025 will be released in two phases: the Provisional Answer Key and the Final Answer Key. The authority will allow candidates to challenge the answer key of GATE 2025 within a specified period. After reviewing the challenges submitted by the candidates, the GATE authorities will release the final answer key. The GATE final answer key will be considered final and will not be subjected to challenges.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Candidates will be able to check the exam analysis of GATE 2025 for each paper after the conduction of the exam. The GATE exam analysis will be based on the student's reactions and the coaching institute's analysis. As of now, candidates can check the previous year's exam analysis to know the difficulty level of the exam, type of questions that might be asked in the exam, etc. 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE Previous Year Exam Analysis:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE 2023 Civil Engineering paper analysis - 12 February Shift 2

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Types of QuestionNumber of Question
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            MSQ11
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            NAT19
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            MCQ35

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE 2023 Civil Engineering paper analysis - 12 February Shift 1

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Types of QuestionNumber of Question
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            MSQ9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            NAT22
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            MCQ34

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE 2023 Instrumentation Engineering paper analysis February 11 Shift 1

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Types of QuestionNumber of Question
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            MSQ01
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            NAT33
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            MCQ31

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE 2023 Electronics and Communication Engineering paper analysis February 5 Shift 2

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Types of QuestionNo. of questionMarks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            MCQ4566
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            NAT1627
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            MSQ47

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE 2023 Electrical paper analysis February 5 Shift 1

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Types of QuestionNo. of question
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            MCQ31
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            NAT28
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            MSQ6

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE 2023 CSE paper analysis February 4 Shift 1

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Type of questionsNumber of questions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            NAT16
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            MSQ15
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            MCQ34

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE 2023 ME Paper Analysis February 4 Shift 2

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Type of questionsNumber of questions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            NAT25
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            MSQ8
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            MCQ32

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            The authority has announced the GATE 2025 result date online. According to the notification, the GATE result 2025 will be announced on March 19, 2025. The GATE result will comprise the GATE entrance exam scores and rank. To check the GATE 2025 result, candidates have to provide their enrollment numbers and password. IIT Roorkee will not send the GATE result or rank card in offline mode. Hence, candidates must download their GATE 2025 results online.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Steps to download GATE Result 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Go to the GATE official website 2025, gate2025.iitr.ac.in.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Look for the link that reads "GATE Result 2025" and click on it.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Enter your GATE GOAPS 2025 credentials, such as the registration number and enrollment number, from your admit card.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • The GATE result will be displayed on the screen.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Download and take a printout of the result for further use.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE 2025 Score Card

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            IIT Roorkee will release the GATE scorecard on March 28, 2025 on the GATE GOAPS portal. The GATE scorecard 2025 is an important document that contains the candidate's details, subject paper, marks obtained, and the GATE score. Candidates who qualify the GATE exam can download their scorecards from the official website using their login credentials. The GATE scorecard is valid for three years from the date of announcement of the GATE 2025 result.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            The GATE scorecard is available in an online mode only and no hard copy will be sent to the candidates. Therefore, candidates are advised to download and take a printout of their scorecard for future reference. It is important to note that the GATE scorecard is not equivalent to a GATE certificate. The GATE certificate will be issued to the qualified candidates by the organising institute after the announcement of the GATE 2025 result.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Details mentioned in GATE Score Card 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            The following details will be mentioned in the scorecard of GATE 2025-

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Candidate's name and photograph
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Gender
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • GATE 2025 registration number and enrollment ID
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • GATE paper code and score
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • GATE 2025 qualifying marks for the corresponding discipline
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • All India Rank (AIR) in the paper
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Total number of candidates who appeared for the paper
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Candidate's normalised marks out of 100
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • GATE Score out of 1000
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Validity of the GATE 2025 scorecard
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Instructions for the candidate regarding scorecard and admission process.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE Result Highlights: Previous year's

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE 2024 Result Statistics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Particular

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Details

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Total number of students who applied for GATE 2024

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            8.26 lakh

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Total number of students who appeared for GATE 2024

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            6.5 lakh

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Number of candidates who cleared the GATE 2024 exam1,29,268 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE 2022 Result - Statistics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Particulars

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Details

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Number of candidates appeared for the exam

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            7,11,542

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Number of candidates declared qualified

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1,26,813

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Number of qualified male candidates

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            98,732

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Number of qualified female candidates

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            28,081

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE 2021 Result Statistics 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Number of Admit cards issued: 913275
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Number of students who appeared for GATE: 711542
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • No. of qualified students in GATE this year: 126813
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • GATE 2021 Pass percentage: 17.82%
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Percentage of qualified candidates in individual GATE papers: from 8.42% to 29.54%. 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • GATE qualified candidates (gender details):  98732 male and 28081 female candidates.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            The GATE 2025 cutoff scores for various participating institutes online after the GATE results are declared. The cutoff scores will depend on various factors such as the number of candidates appearing for the exam, the difficulty level of the paper, the number of seats available in the institute, and the previous year's cutoff trends. Moreover, the GATE cutoff scores also vary for different categories such as General, OBC-NCL, SC, ST, and PwD. Candidates who meet the cutoff scores and other eligibility criteria will be eligible for admission to the M.Tech./Ph.D. programmes in various institutes.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE 2025 Qualifying Cutoff Vs Admission Cutoff: 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            The GATE 2025 qualifying cutoff and admission cutoff are two different cutoffs.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • The qualifying cutoff is the minimum score that a candidate needs to obtain in order to be eligible for admission to the various M.Tech./Ph.D. programmes offered by the participating institutes. The qualifying cutoff is usually lower than the admission cutoff, as it is the minimum score required for a candidate to be considered for admission.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • The admission cutoff, on the other hand, is the score above which a candidate is likely to be offered admission to a particular institute. The admission cutoff depends on various factors such as the number of seats available in the institute, the number of candidates who have applied, the difficulty level of the paper, and the previous year cutoff trends. The admission cutoff may vary for different categories such as General, OBC-NCL, SC, ST, and PwD.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Previous Year's GATE Qualifying Cutoff (Official)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE 2024 Qualifying Cutoff

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SC/ST/PWD

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Aerospace Engineering33.329.922.1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Agricultural Engineering2522.5-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Architecture and Planning41.537.327.6
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Biomedical Engineering2522.516.6
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Biotechnology38.93525.9
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Civil Engineering28.325.418.8
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Chemical Engineering2522.516.6
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Computer Science and Information Technology27.624.818.4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Chemistry25.222.616.7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Data Science and Artificial Intelligence37.133.324.7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Electronics and Communication Engineering2522.5-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Electrical Engineering25.723.117.1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Environmental Science and Engineering37.934.125.2
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Ecology and Evolution35.832.223.8
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Geomatics Engineering41.136.927.4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Geology and Geophysics (Geology)4237.828
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Geology and Geophysics (Geophysics)4944.132.6
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Instrumentation Engineering32.729.421.8
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Mathematics2522.516.6
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Mechanical Engineering28.625.719
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Mining Engineering2522.516.6
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Metallurgical Engineering4136.927.3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering25.122.516.7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Petroleum Engineering42.638.328.4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Physics3228.821.3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Production and Industrial Engineering30.527.420.3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Statistics26.623.917.7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Textile Engineering and Fibre Science28.125.218.7
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Engineering Sciences36.232.524.1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Humanities and Social Sciences (Economics)3733.324.6
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Humanities and Social Sciences (English)4843.232
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Humanities and Social Sciences (Linguistics)49.744.733.1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Humanities and Social Sciences (Philosophy)39.335.326.1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Humanities and Social Sciences (Psychology)52.747.435.1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Humanities and Social Sciences (Sociology)3632.424
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Life Sciences29.326.319.5

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE 2023 Qualifying Cutoff



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE Paper Code

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SC/ST/PWD

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Statistics

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Physics

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            20.7

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ECE

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            17.7

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            IN

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            31.3

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            28.4

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE Paper 2022

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            OBC-NCL/ EWS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            SC/ST/PwD

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            25

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            22.5

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            25

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            22.5

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            35.5

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            31.9

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            23.6

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            16.8

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Statistics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            25

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            22.5

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Mathematics

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            34.9

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Mechanical Engineering (ME)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            28.1

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            25.2

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Physics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            26.5

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Life Science (Botany/ Zoology)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            33.9

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            30.5

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Ecology and life sciences

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Agriculture Engineering

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            17.5

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            18.3

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            17

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Engineering Sciences (Fluid Mechanics/ Thermodynamics)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            40.3

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            36.2

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            26.8

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            The GATE exam score will be used by various institutes to shortlist candidates for their postgraduate programs. After the announcement of the GATE 2025 result, each participating institute will release its admission notification specifying the details of the admission process, including counselling, if any. Candidates who qualify GATE 2025 and meet the eligibility criteria of the participating institutes will be considered for admission to their preferred institute by following the admission process specified by the institute.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            The admission process may involve various stages such as the application process, shortlisting of candidates, written test/interview, and document verification. Candidates who are shortlisted by the institute will be called for the next stage of the admission process. The final merit list of the selected candidates will be prepared based on the candidate's GATE score, academic record, and performance in the written test/interview, if any.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            What is GATE COAP 2025?

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE COAP is a common admission platform introduced by the IITs in 2017 to make admission offers to GATE-qualified candidates seeking admission to M.Tech./Ph.D. programmes. While candidates must apply individually to IITs, they can view offers and accept or reject them through the COAP portal. COAP provides a centralised counselling process that ensures transparency and efficiency in the admission process. Admission offers are based on GATE scores and seat availability, making the admission process more streamlined and straightforward for candidates.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Admission to IITs is a two-step process:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Step 1: Qualifying in GATE Exam

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            The first step is to qualify for the GATE exam, which is mandatory for admission to postgraduate engineering programs offered by the IITs. The GATE score is used by the IITs to shortlist candidates for their postgraduate programs. The candidates must have a valid GATE score in the respective discipline to apply for the postgraduate programs offered by the IITs.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Step 2: Applying through IITs' Admission Portal

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            The second step involves applying for the postgraduate programs offered by the IITs through their admission portal. Candidates who meet the eligibility criteria of the IITs and have a valid GATE score can apply for their preferred postgraduate programs through the IITs' admission portal.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            The admission process may vary slightly for different IITs, but it generally involves shortlisting candidates based on their GATE score, academic record, and performance in the written test/interview, if any. The final merit list of the selected candidates will be prepared based on their GATE score and other criteria as specified by the IITs.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            It is important for the candidates to keep a close watch on the official websites of the IITs to stay updated with their admission process and important dates.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Documents Required at Counselling

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            The documents that need to be self-attested and submitted along with the original documents may vary depending on the counselling or admission process. Here is a list of the documents that are commonly required to be self-attested and submitted along with the original documents:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • GATE scorecard: A self-attested copy of the GATE scorecard is required for admission or counselling.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Photo ID proof: A self-attested copy of a valid government-issued photo ID proof such as Aadhaar card, passport, driving licence, voter ID, etc. is required.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Birth certificate: A self-attested copy of the original birth certificate issued by a competent authority or the Class X board certificate as date of birth proof is required.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Class XII mark sheet: A self-attested copy of the original Class XII mark sheet is required.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Qualifying examination mark sheets: A self-attested copy of the original mark sheets of the qualifying examination for all semesters is required.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Degree or provisional certificate: A self-attested copy of the original degree or provisional certificate is required if the degree is completed.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Category certificate: A self-attested copy of the original category certificate for candidates belonging to SC/ST/OBC categories, if applicable.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Undertaking for OBC status: A self-attested copy of the candidate's undertaking regarding OBC status in the required format is required.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • PwD certificate: A self-attested copy of the original certificate for PwD candidates, if applicable.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Migration and transfer certificates: A self-attested copy of the original migration certificate of the last institute/university attended and the original transfer certificate from the head of the institute last attended is required.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Conduct and course completion certificates: A self-attested copy of the original conduct certificate from the head of the institute last attended and the original course completion certificate from the head of the university or institute, in case the result is awaited, is required.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Photographs: Three self-attested copies of recent passport size photographs are required.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Documents Required at GATE 2025 counselling

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Self attested copy of GATE score card
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Photo ID proof as per government of India norms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Original birth certificate issued by competent authority
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Class X (high school) board certificate as date of birth proof
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Class XII original mark sheet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Original grade or mark sheets of qualifying examination for all semesters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • If degree is completed, original degree or provisional certificate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Original category certificate for candidates belonging to SC/ ST/ OB categories, if applicable
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Candidate's undertaking regarding OB status in the required format
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Original certificate for PwD, if applicable
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Original migration certificate of last institute/ university attended
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Three color passport size photographs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Original conduct certificate from the head of the institute last attended
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Original transfer certificate from the head of the institute last attended
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Original course completion certificate from the head of the university or institute, in case result is awaited
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • One set of self-attested photocopies of all original documents

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            COAP conducts centralized counselling for admissions to various institutes offering postgraduation on the basis of GATE scores. All the participating institutes will release separate notifications consisting of the selection procedure. Candidates will be required to fulfil the eligibility criteria mentioned by the institutes to participate in the selection process. According to the MHRD guidelines, a minimum of 70% weightage will be given to the candidate's GATE score and 30% will be given to the candidate’s performance in test/interview and/or academic record.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Admissions will be made in order of the merit and preferences made by the candidates in their application form. The basis of selection by the IITs is given below:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CategorySelection Basis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE Qualified candidatesValid normalized GATE marks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            IIT GraduatesCGPA≥8

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Any candidate who wishes to appear for the GATE exam should at first check the books required for the preparation. Just having a thought of appearing for the exam will not get you anywhere and therefore start your preparation by reading good and informative books. Having a large number of books will distract you and will block the path of your success, hence pick up the best books for GATE preparation. Here, Careers360 has given the list of GATE preparation books to help candidates in their preparation.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE Books for CSE (Computer Science Engineering)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE 2025 Books CSE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Name of the Author

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Architecture

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Hamacher

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Algorithm

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Operating System

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Galvin

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            TOC - Theory of Computation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Ullman

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE Books for ECE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE Book Name
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Author/ Publisher
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Electronic Devices Circuits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Millman and Halkias (Black Pad)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Integrated Electronics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Millman and Halkias
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Switching and Finite Automatic Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Kohavi
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Microprocessor and its Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Goankar
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Modern Control Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Ogata

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE Books for Agricultural Engineering (AG)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Name of the Book

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Name of the Author

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Concept of Agricultural Engineering

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Mohanty Das

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Farm Machinery

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Three Authors

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Soil & Water Conservation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            VVN Murty

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE Books for Chemical Engineering (CH)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Name of the Book

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Name of the Author

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            An Insight into Chemical Engineering

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            M.Subbu

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Chemical Engineering For Gate Principles Solved Problems & Objective Type Questions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Ram Prasad

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Essentials of Chemical Reaction Engineering

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Fogler

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Heat Transfer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            JP Holman

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            JM Smith

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Principles of Mass Transfer and Separation Processes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BK Dutta

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            McCabe - FPM and MO

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE Books for Civil Engineering (CE)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Name of the Book

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Name of the Author

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Environment 1 and 2

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S K Garg

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Fluid mechanics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            R K Bansal

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Highway engineering

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Khanna and Justo

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Open channel flow and engineering hydrology

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            K Subramanya

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RCC

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Pillai and Menon

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Soil mechanics and foundation engineering

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Gopal and Ranjan

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Steel

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Bhavikati

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE Books for Electrical Engineering (EE)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Name of the Book

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Name of the Author

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Electrical machines

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Nagrath, Kothari

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Fundamentals of circuits

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Alexander, Sadiku

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Power Electronics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            P S Bhimbhra

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE Books for Geology and Geophysics (GG)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Name of the Book

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Name of the Author

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Complete Master Guide GATE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Amresh Singh

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Telford

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE Books for Mechanical Engineering (ME)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Best Books for GATE Mechanical

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Name of the Author

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Fluid Mechanics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            R.K. Bansal (Numerical point of view), Frank M.White (For understanding)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Heat Transfer

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Production Engineering

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Swadesh Singh

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            S.S. Ratan

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE Books for Production and Industrial (PI)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Name of the Book

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Name of the Author

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Fluid Mechanics and Machinery

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Modi & Seth

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Mathur Sharma

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Production

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Strength of Material

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Sadhu Singh

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Thermodynamics

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE question papers consist of both theoretical as well as numerical questions. Candidates can check the previous year's GATE exam papers for better preparation. Solving the question paper of GATE helps in understanding the exam syllabus and paper pattern. 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE 2024 Question Papers

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE 2024 AG Question Paper and Answer Key

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BM: Biomedical Engineering

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            BT: Biotechnology

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE 2024 CE Question Paper and Answer Key (Shift 1 & 2)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CH: Chemical Engineering

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE 2024 CH Question Paper and Answer Key

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CS: Computer Science and Information Technology

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE 2024 CS Question Paper and Answer Key (Shift 1 & 2)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CY: Chemistry

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            DA: Data Science and Artificial IntelligenceGATE 2024 DA Question Paper and Answer Key

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            EC: Electronics and Communication Engineering

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE 2024 EC Question Paper and Answer Key

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            EE: Electrical Engineering

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE 2024 EE Question Paper and Answer Key

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GE: Geomatics Engineering
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE 2024 GE Question Paper and Answer Key

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE 2024 GG Question Paper and Answer Key

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            IN: Instrumentation Engineering

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE 2024 IN Question Paper and Answer Key

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE 2024 MA Question Paper and Answer Key

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ME: Mechanical Engineering

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE 2024 ME Question Paper and Answer Key

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            MN: Mining Engineering

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE 2024 MN Question Paper and Answer Key

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            NM: Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE 2024 NM Question Paper and Answer Key

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            PE: Petroleum Engineering

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            PH: Physics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE 2024 PH Question Paper and Answer Key

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            PI: Production and Industrial Engineering

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE 2024 PI Question Paper and Answer Key

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE 2024 TF Question Paper and Answer Key

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            XE: Engineering Sciences

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE 2024 XE Question Paper and Answer Key

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE 2024 XH Question Paper and Answer Key

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE 2024 XL Question Paper and Answer Key


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            General Information

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Contacts

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            01332-284531

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Relevant Links

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Official Website Link Click Here + 1 more
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            OP Jindal Global University Online MBA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Apply for Online MBA from O.P. Jindal Global University

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Jain Online Degree Programs

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Apply for Online Degree Programs from Jain Online

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Frequently Asked Questions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. When will the GATE 2025 mock test be available?

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            IIT Roorkee has released the GATE mock test 2025 on October 26, 2024.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. What is the GATE 2025 application form correction dates?

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            The GATE application form correction 2025 date is October 31 to November 6, 2024.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            3. When will the GATE 2025 result be declared?

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            The GATE 2025 result will be announced on March 19, 2025.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            4. When will GATE answer key challenge start?

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            The GATE 2025 answer key challenge dates will be announced later.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            5. Is GATE syllabus 2025 released?

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Yes. IIT Roorkee has released the GATE 2025 syllabus online.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            6. When GATE 2025 registration will start?

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            The GATE 2025 registration process started on August 28.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            7. Who will conduct GATE 2025?

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee is the exam conducting authority for the GATE exam 2025.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            8. What rank is good in GATE?

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            AIR rank from 100-1000 is good for a candidate's admission to any IIT/NIT or for recruitment to any of the PSUs.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            9. Can I use a calculator during the GATE exam?

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Yes, candidates are allowed to use an online virtual calculator during the GATE exam.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            10. Is there any negative marking in the GATE exam?

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Yes, there is negative marking for multiple-choice questions in the GATE exam. For 1-mark questions, 1/3 mark will be deducted for a wrong answer, and for 2-mark questions, 2/3 mark will be deducted for a wrong answer.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            11. Can I apply for more than one paper in the GATE exam?

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Yes, candidates can choose to appear for one or up to two papers in the GATE exam.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            12. What is the validity of the GATE scorecard?

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            The GATE scorecard is valid for three years from the date of announcement of the results.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            13. How can I prepare for the GATE exam?

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Candidates can prepare for the GATE exam by referring to standard textbooks, solving previous year papers, taking mock tests, and attending coaching classes. It is important to have a thorough understanding of the subject, as well as strong problem-solving skills.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            14. What is the exam pattern for the GATE exam?

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE exam consists of multiple-choice questions and numerical answer type questions. The exam is conducted for a duration of 3 hours and the total marks for the exam are 100. The exam consists of two sections - General Aptitude and the chosen subject paper.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            15. What is the eligibility criteria for the GATE exam?

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Candidates should have completed their bachelor's degree in engineering or technology or must be in their final year of their degree program. Candidates with a master's degree in science, mathematics, statistics, or computer applications are also eligible to apply.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            16. When will the GATE 2025 exam be conducted?

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            IIT Roorkee will conduct the GATE 2025 exam on February 1, 2, 15, and 16.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            17. What is the GATE exam?

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            GATE stands for Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering. It is a national level entrance exam conducted to test the aptitude and subject knowledge of candidates who want to pursue postgraduate programs in engineering, technology, and architecture.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Colleges Accepting GATE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Questions related to GATE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Have a question related to GATE ?

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Hello,

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Yes, you can take the GATE exam in Aerospace Engineering after completing your B.Tech in CSE with a specialisation in AI & ML. The GATE exam opens up opportunities to many engineers from diverse engineering streams for most of the subjects, including that of Aerospace Engineering provided one's eligibility criteria for participation are aligned with that required by the conducting authorities.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Here is your suggested plan to pursue:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Do you understand GATE Eligibility ? Verify whether you meet the eligibility criteria for Aerospace Engineering. They generally accept candidates with a degree in engineering or technology.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Study Syllabus: Review the GATE Aerospace Engineering syllabus. Focus on a few important streams of fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, and structural mechanics which are not a part of your CSE course.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Study Materials: Get study material that shall include books, online course materials, and particular GATE preparation books specific to Aerospace Engineering.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Solving previous years' GATE papers is very important to understand the pattern of the exam and what questions are most asked.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Coaching or Study Groups : One may take coaching classes or join a study group where guided preparation is provided for Aerospace Engineering.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Higher Studies: If, after the GATE exam, you are interested in a career in aerospace, you must seriously consider that you would want to do a Master's in Aerospace Engineering to further improve your knowledge and skills in the field.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            By following the above steps, you certainly can make the transition from CSE to Aerospace Engineering, but this time by making proper preparations for GATE.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            According to the GATE guidelines, once you've submitted your application, you cannot change your caste category. However, you can request a correction during the specified "Correction Window" period.


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            *Correction Window:*


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Typically, GATE organizing institutes open a correction window (around 1-2 weeks) after the application deadline. You can expect an announcement on the official GATE website regarding the correction window.


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            *Eligibility for Category Change:*


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            To change your caste category from General to OBC, ensure you have a valid OBC certificate issued by a competent authority.


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            *Steps to Request Category Change:*


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Wait for the correction window announcement.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Log in to your GATE application portal.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            3. Look for the "Edit Application" or "Correction" option.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            4. Update your caste category to OBC.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            5. Upload your valid OBC certificate.


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            *Important:*


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            - Verify the correction window dates and guidelines on the official GATE website.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            - Ensure your OBC certificate is valid and issued within the specified date range.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            - Changes are subject to verification and approval.


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            *Contact GATE Authorities:*


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            If you have concerns or doubts, reach out to the GATE organizing institute's helpdesk or email:


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            - GATE Official Website: (link unavailable)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            - Contact Email: mailto:gateoffice@iitkgp.ac.in

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            - Helpline Number: +91 3222 282 768


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Stay updated on the correction window and follow the guidelines carefully to ensure a successful category change.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            The number of seats available for M.Tech in Aerospace Engineering varies depending on the university or institute. Typically, leading institutions in India, such as the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) and the Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST), offer between 20 to 60 seats for their M.Tech programs in Aerospace Engineering. Some universities may have additional seats for sponsored or part-time candidates, which can slightly increase the total intake.


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Regarding the GATE (Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering) score cut-off for M.Tech admissions, this also varies by institution and can change each year based on factors like the number of applicants and the difficulty level of the exam. Generally, for top-tier institutes like IITs, the cut-off for Aerospace Engineering can range from 600 to 750, while for other reputed colleges, it might be around 500 to 600.


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            To secure a seat in M.Tech Aerospace, it’s essential to prepare thoroughly for the GATE exam, aiming for a score that meets or exceeds the cut-off set by your desired institutions. Always check the official websites of the universities for the most accurate and updated information regarding seat availability and cut-off scores.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            You can easily edit GATE 2025 application form.it provides edit option for Name, DOB, Details of Parents/ Guardian, Correspondence address & Qualifying degree Details of the candidates in which only name and DOB modification will chargeable i.e 500 rupees for each change.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            The details can be changed by 6th November 2024 only so be fast and change your graduation year otherwise the correction window will be closed soon.

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