JEE Main 2025 Syllabus for Physics, Chemistry, Maths

Chapters

Topics

JEE Mains syllabus for Physics- Class 11

Physical World & Units And Measurement

Units of measurements, System of Units, S I Units, fundamental and derived units, least count, significant figures, Errors in measurements, Dimensions of Physics quantities, dimensional analysis, and its applications

Kinematics

The frame of reference, motion in a straight line, Position- time graph, speed and velocity; Uniform and non-uniform motion, average speed and instantaneous velocity, uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time, position-time graph, relations for uniformly accelerated motion, Scalars and Vectors, Vector. Addition and subtraction, scalar and vector products, Unit Vector, Resolution of a Vector. Relative Velocity, Motion in A Plane, Projectile Motion, Uniform Circular Motion.

Laws Of Motion

Force and inertia, Newton’s First law of motion; Momentum, Newton’s Second Law of motion, Impulses; Newton’s Third Law of motion. Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications. Equilibrium of concurrent forces. Static and Kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction. Dynamics of uniform circular motion: centripetal force and its applications: vehicle on a level circular road, vehicle on a banked road.

Work, Energy, And Power

Work done by a constant force and a variable force; kinetic and potential energies, work-energy theorem, power. The potential energy of spring conservation of mechanical energy, conservative and nonconservative forces; motion in a vertical circle: Elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions.

Rotational Motion

Centre of the mass of a two-particle system, Centre of the mass of a rigid body; Basic concepts of rotational motion; moment of a force; torque, angular momentum, conservation of angular momentum and its applications; The moment of inertia, the radius of gyration, values of moments of inertia for simple geometrical objects, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems, and their applications. Equilibrium of rigid bodies, rigid body rotation and equations of rotational motion, comparison of linear and rotational motions.

Gravitation

The universal law of gravitation. Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth. Kepler’s law of planetary motion. Gravitational potential energy; gravitational potential. Escape velocity, Motion of a satellite, orbital velocity, time period, and energy of satellite.

Properties Of Liquids and Solid

Elastic behaviour, Stress-strain relationship, Hooke's Law. Young's modulus, bulk modulus, and modulus of rigidity. Pressure due to a fluid column; Pascal's law and its applications. Effect of gravity on fluid pressure. Viscosity. Stokes' law. terminal velocity, streamline, and turbulent flow.critical velocity. Bernoulli's principle and its applications. Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, excess of pressure across a curved surface, application of surface tension - drops, bubbles, and capillary rise. Heat, temperature, thermal expansion; specific heat capacity, calorimetry; change of state, latent heat. Heat transfer conduction, convection, and radiation.

Thermodynamics

Thermal equilibrium, zeroth law of thermodynamics, the concept of temperature. Heat, work, and internal energy. The first law of thermodynamics, isothermal and adiabatic processes. The second law of thermodynamics: reversible and irreversible processes.

Kinetic Theory Of Gases

Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done on compressing a gas, Kinetic theory of gases - assumptions, the concept of pressure. Kinetic interpretation of temperature: RMS speed of gas molecules: Degrees of freedom. Law of equipartition of energy and applications to specific heat capacities of gases; Mean free path. Avogadro's number.

Oscillations & Waves

Oscillations and periodic motion – time period, frequency, displacement as a function of time. Periodic functions. Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M.) and its equation; phase: oscillations of a spring -restoring force and force constant: energy in S.H.M. - Kinetic and potential energies; Simple pendulum - derivation of expression for its time period: Wave motion. Longitudinal and transverse waves, speed of the travelling wave. Displacement relation for a progressive wave. Principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves. Standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode, and harmonics. Beats.

JEE Mains Physics Syllabus from Class 12

Electrostatic

Electric Charges And Fields: Conservation of charge. Coulomb's law forces between two point charges, forces between multiple charges: superposition principle and continuous charge distribution. Electric field: Electric field due to a point charge, Electric field lines. Electric dipole, Electric field due to a dipole. Torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field.

Electric flux. Gauss's law and its applications to find field due to infinitely long uniformly charged straight wire uniformly charged infinite plane sheet, and uniformly charged thin spherical shell. Electric potential and its calculation for a point charge, electric dipole and system of charges; potential difference, Equipotential surfaces, Electric Potential And Capacitance, energy of a system of two point charges and electric dipole in an electrostatic field. Conductors and insulators. Dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitors and capacitances, the combination of capacitors in series and parallel, and capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates. Energy stored in a capacitor.

Current Electricity

Electric current. Drift velocity, mobility, and their relation with electric current. Ohm's law. Electrical resistance. V-l characteristics of Ohmic and non-ohmic conductors. Electrical energy and

power. Electrical resistivity and conductivity. Series and parallel combinations of resistors; Temperature dependence of resistance. Internal resistance, potential difference, and emf of a cell, a combination of cells in series and parallel. Kirchhoff’s laws and their applications. Wheatstone bridge. Metre Bridge.

Magnetic Effects of Current & Magnetism

Biot - Savart law and its application to the current carrying circular loop. Ampere's law and its applications to infinitely long current carrying straight wire and solenoid.

Moving Charges And Magnetism- Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields. Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field. The force between two parallel currents carrying conductors-definition of ampere.

Torque experienced by a current loop in a uniform magnetic field: Moving coil galvanometer, its sensitivity, and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter. Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment. Bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines; Magnetic field due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis. Torque on a magnetic dipole in a uniform magnetic field. Para-, dia- and ferromagnetic substances with examples, the effect of temperature on magnetic properties

Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Current

Electromagnetic induction: Faraday's law. Induced emf and current: Lenz’s Law, Eddy currents. Self and mutual inductance. Alternating currents, peak and RMS value of alternating current/ voltage: reactance and impedance: LCR series circuit, resonance: power in AC circuits, wattless current. AC generator and transformer.

Electromagnetic Waves

Displacement current. Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics, Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves, Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet. X-rays. Gamma rays), Applications of e.m. waves

Optics

Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula. Refraction of light at plane and spherical surfaces, thin lens formula, and lens maker formula. Total internal reflection and its applications. Magnification. Power of a Lens. Combination of thin lenses in contact. Refraction of light through a prism. Microscope and Astronomical Telescope (reflecting and refracting ) and their magnifying powers.

Wave optics: wavefront and Huygens' principle. Laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens principle. Interference, Young's double-slit experiment, and expression for fringe width, coherent sources, and sustained interference of light. Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum. Polarization, plane-polarized light: Brewster's law, uses of planepolarized light and Polaroid.

Dual Nature Of Matter and Radiation

Dual nature of radiation. Photoelectric effect. Hertz and Lenard's observations; Einstein's photoelectric equation: particle nature of light. Matter waves-wave nature of particle, de Broglie relation.

Atoms and Nuclei

Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford's model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum. Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number, nuclear fission, and fusion

Semiconductor Electronic Materials Device

Semiconductors; semiconductor diode: I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias; diode as a rectifier; I-V characteristics of LED. the photodiode, solar cell, and Zener diode; Zener diode as a voltage regulator. Logic gates (OR. AND. NOT. NAND and NOR).

EXPERIMENTAL SKILLS

Familiarity with the basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities: 1. Vernier calipers -its use to measure the internal and external diameter and depth of a vessel. 2. Screw gauge-its use to determine the thickness/ diameter of thin sheet/wire. 3. Simple Pendulum-dissipation of energy by plotting a graph between the square of amplitude and time. 4. Metre Scale - the mass of a given object by the principle of moments. 5. Young's modulus of elasticity of the material of a metallic wire. 6. Surf ace tension of water by capillary rise and effect of detergents, 7. Co-efficient of Viscosity of a given viscous liquid by measuring the terminal velocity of a given spherical body, 8. Speed of sound in air at room temperature using a resonance tube, 9. Specific heat capacity of a given (i) solid and (ii) liquid by method of mixtures. 10. The resistivity of the material of a given wire using a metre bridge. 11. The resistance of a given wire using Ohm's law. 8 12. Resistance and figure of merit of a galvanometer by half deflection method. 13. The focal length of; (i) Convex mirror (ii) Concave mirror, and (ii) Convex lens, using the parallax method. 14. The plot of the angle of deviation vs angle of incidence for a triangular prism. 15. The refractive index of a glass slab using a travelling microscope. 16. Characteristic curves of a p-n junction diode in forward and reverse bias. 17. Characteristic curves of a Zener diode and finding reverse breakdown voltage. 18. Identification of Diode. LED, Resistor. A capacitor from a mixed collection of such items

Chapters

Topics

Complex Numbers And Quadratic Equations

Complex numbers as ordered pairs of reals, Representation of complex numbers in the form a + ib and their representation in a plane, Argand diagram, algebra of complex number, modulus, and argument (or amplitude) of a complex number, Quadratic equations in real and complex number system and their solutions Relations between roots and co-efficient, nature of roots, the formation of quadratic equations with given roots.

Matrices and Determinants

Matrices, algebra of matrices, type of matrices, determinants, and matrices of order two and three, evaluation of determinants, area of triangles using determinants, Adjoint, and evaluation of inverse of a square matrix using determinants and, Test of consistency and solution of simultaneous linear equations in two or three variables using matrices.

Sets and Relations And Functions

Sets and their representation: Union, intersection, and complement of sets and their algebraic properties; Power set; Relation, Type of relations, equivalence relations, functions; one-one, into and onto functions, the composition of functions

Permutations And Combinations

The fundamental principle of counting, permutation as an arrangement and combination as section, Meaning of P (n,r) and C (n,r), simple applications.

Binomial Theorem

Binomial theorem for a positive integral index, general term and middle term, and simple applications.

Sequence And Series

Arithmetic and Geometric progressions, insertion of arithmetic, geometric means between two given numbers, Relation between A.M and G.M.

Limits And Derivatives and Continuity And Differentiability

Real–valued functions, algebra of functions, polynomials, rational, trigonometric, logarithmic, and exponential functions, inverse function. Graphs of simple functions. Limits, continuity, and differentiability. Differentiation of the sum, difference, product, and quotient of two functions. Differentiation of trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, logarithmic, exponential, composite, and implicit functions; derivatives of order up to two, Applications of derivatives: Rate of change of quantities, monotonic-Increasing and decreasing functions, Maxima and minima of functions of one variable,

Integrals

Integral as an anti-derivative, Fundamental integral involving algebraic, trigonometric, exponential, and logarithmic functions. Integrations by substitution, by parts, and by partial functions. Integration using trigonometric identities.

The fundamental theorem of calculus, properties of definite integrals. Evaluation of definite integrals, determining areas of the regions bounded by simple curves in standard form

Differential Equations

Ordinary differential equations, their order, and degree, the solution of differential equation by the method of separation of variables, solution of a homogeneous and linear differential equation of the type

Three- Dimensional Geometry

Coordinates of a point in space, the distance between two points, section formula, directions ratios, and direction cosines, and the angle between two intersecting lines. Skew lines, the shortest distance between them, and its equation. Equations of a line

Trigonometric Functions

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Statistics And Probability

Measures of discretion; calculation of mean, median, mode of grouped and ungrouped data calculation of standard deviation, variance, and mean deviation for grouped and ungrouped data.

Probability: Probability of an event, addition and multiplication theorems of probability, Baye's theorem, probability distribution of a random variate

Vector Algebra

Vectors and scalars, the addition of vectors, components of a vector in two dimensions and three-dimensional space, scalar and vector products.

CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY

Cartesian system of rectangular coordinates in a plane, distance formula, sections formula, locus, and its equation, the slope of a line, parallel and perpendicular lines, intercepts of a line on the co-ordinate axis.

Straight line- Various forms of equations of a line, intersection of lines, angles between two lines, conditions for concurrence of three lines, the distance of a point form a line, co-ordinate of the centroid, orthocentre, and circumcentre of a triangle,

Circle, conic sectio- A standard form of equations of a circle, the general form of the equation of a circle, its radius and central, equation of a circle when the endpoints of a diameter are given, points of intersection of a line and a circle with the centre at the origin and sections of conics, equations of conic sections (parabola, ellipse, and hyperbola) in standard forms,

Some Basic Concepts In Chemistry

Nature of Matter

Laws of Chemical Combination

Dalton's Atomic Theory

Mole Concept

Empirical Formula and Molecular Formula

Stoichiometry and Stoichiometric Calculations

Some Important Concentration Terms

Chemical Bonding And Molecular Structure

Ionic bonding

Fazan’s rule

Coordinate bond and exceptions to the octet rule

Covalent bonding

Formal charge and Lewis dot structures

Bond energy, Bond length, Bond angle and dipole moment

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory

Valence Bond Theory (VBT)

Hybridization and its types

Molecular Orbital Theory (MOT)

Chemical Thermodynamic

Basic Terminology

Internal Energy

First Law of Thermodynamics

Work

Heat Capacity

Enthalpies for different types of reactions

Spontaneity

Gibbs Energy

Redox Reactions And Electrochemistry

Electrochemical cells

Galvanic cells

Nernst equation

The conductance of electrolytic solutions

Electrolytic cells and electrolysis

Batteries

Fuel cells

Corrosion

Chemical Kinetics

Rate of chemical reaction

Factors influencing the rate of reaction

Order of a reaction

Zero-order reactions

First order reactions

Second order reactions

Pseudo first order reactions

Arrhenius equation, Activation energy and its determination

Collision theory of reactions

Atomic Structure

Discovery of Electron, Proton and Neutron

Sub-atomic Particles.

Atomic models.

Dual nature of Matter.

Photoelectric Effect.

Electromagnetic Radiations.

Quantum Mechanical Model of Atoms.

Electronic Configuration.

Solutions

Types of solutions

Solubility

Vapour pressure of liquid solutions

Raoult's law

Ideal and non-ideal solutions

Colligative properties

Abnormal molar mass

Equilibrium

Solid-liquid equilibrium

Liquid-gas equilibrium

Solid-gas equilibrium

Characteristics of Kc

Homogeneous Equilibria

Heterogeneous Equilibria

Complex Numbers And Quadratic Equations

1. Algebra of complex numbers

2. The complex conjugate of complex numbers and properties of complex numbers

3. Modulus and argument of complex numbers

4. Polar form representation and Euler form of complex numbers

5. Finding the square root of complex numbers and complex equations

6. De-moivre’s theorem, cube root and nth root of unity

7. Vector representation and rotation of complex numbers

8. The discriminant of quadratic equations

9. Nature of roots (in quadratic equations), the relation of coefficient and roots

10. Transformation of quadratic equations and condition of common roots

Matrices

Determinants

• Determinant of a matrix

• Properties of determinants

• Minor of determinants

• Cofactor of determinant

• Area of triangle using determinants

• Adjoint of matrix

• Adjoint of matrix

• Inverse of matrix

• Solution of linear equation

Sets

1. Sets and their Representations

2. Roster or tabular form

3. Set-builder form

2. Types of Sets

1. Empty Set

2. Finite Sets

3. Infinite Sets

4. Equal Sets

3. Subsets

4. Power Set

5. Universal Set

6. Venn Diagrams

7. Operations on Sets

1. Union of Sets

2. Intersection of Sets

3. Difference of Sets

8. Complement of a Set

Relations And Functions

1. Cartesian Products of Sets

2. Relations

3. Functions

4. Inverse Relation

5. Types of Relation

6. Reflexive

7. Symmetric

8. Transitive

9. Equivalence

6. Types of Functions

1. One-one

2. Onto

3. Bijective (both one-one and onto)

7. Composition of Functions and Invertible Function

8. Binary Operations

Trigonometric Functions

1. Angle.

2. Positive and Negative Angles

3. Measurement of Angles

4. 
   

5. 
   

   1. Sexagesimal System/Degree Measure (English System)

   2. Centesimal System (French System)

   3. Circular System (Radian System)

6. Relationship.

7. Trigonometric Ratios.

8. Trigonometric (or Circular) Functions.

9. Domain and Range

10. Range of Modulus Functions

11. Trigonometric Identities

12. Sign of Trigonometric Ratios

13. 
    

    1. Trigonometric Ratios of Some Standard Angles

    2. Trigonometric Ratios of Some Special Angles

    3. Trigonometric Ratios of Allied Angles

14. Trigonometric Periodic Functions.

15. Maximum and Minimum Values of Trigonometric Expressions

16. Trigonometric Ratios of Compound Angles

17. Transformation Formulae

18. 
    

    1. Trigonometric Ratios of Multiple Angles

    2. Trigonometric Ratios of Some Useful Angles

19. Hyperbolic Functions

20. 
    

    1. Domain and Range of Hyperbolic Function

21. Formulae for the Sum and Difference

22. Formulae to Transform the Product into Sum or Difference

23. Formulae for Multiples of x

inverse Trigonometric Functions

Limits And Derivatives

• Limits

• Direct method of solving limit

• Derivatives

• First principle to differentiate

• Algebra of derivatives of functions

• Standard simplifications

• Sandwich theorem

• Trigonometric function

Continuity And Differentiability

• Algebra of a continuous function

• Derivatives of composite functions

• Derivatives of implicit functions

• Derivatives of inverse trigonometric functions

• Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

• Logarithmic Differentiation

• Derivatives of Functions in Parametric Forms

• Second-Order Derivative

• Mean Value Theorem

Application Of Derivatives

• Introduction to the application of derivatives

• Rate of change of quantities

• Approximation

• Increasing and decreasing function

• Maxima and minima

• Tangent and normal

Integrals

• Introduction to integration

• Indefinite integration

• Theorems based on the integration

• Properties of definite integration

• Limit of sum

• Integration by partial fraction

• Integration by parts

• Integration of some functions

Application Of Integrals

• Introduction to the application of integrals

• Areas and Simple curves

• The area of a region bounded by a curve and a line

• The area between the two curves

Permutations And Combinations

1. Fundamental Principle of Counting

2. Permutations as an Arrangement

3. Combinations as Selections

4. P(n,r) and C(n,r)

5. Application of Permutation and Combination

Binomial Theorem

Binomial Theorem for Positive Integral Index

Pascal's Triangle

General Term

Middle Term

Properties and Application of Binomial Theorem

Sequence And Series

• Sequences

• Arithmetic and Geometric Progression

• Arithmetic and Geometric Mean

• Harmonic Progression

• Sum up to n terms

• Arithmetic-geometric series

Differential Equations

• Order and Degree of a Differential equation

• General and Particular solution

• Formation of differential equation

• Methods of solving different types of differential equation

Three- Dimensional Geometry

• Coordinate of a point in space, distance formula

• Direction cosine and Direction ratio

• The angle between two intersecting lines

• Skew lines and the shortest distance between two lines

• Equation of line and plane

• The intersection of line and plane

Vector Algebra

• Vector (Position Vector, Direction cosine)

• Types of vector

• Vector Algebra (Addition of vectors and multiplication of vector with scalar)

• Section Formula

• Product of two vectors (Scalar product and Vector product)