VIT Bhopal University | M.Tech Admissions 2025
M.Tech admissions open @ VIT Bhopal University | Highest CTC 52 LPA | Apply now
GATE Philosophy Syllabus 2026 - IIT Guwahati will release the GATE 2026 Philosophy syllabus online. Candidates can download the GATE Philosophy syllabus pdf on this page. The GATE syllabus comprises important topics that will be tested in the exam. GATE Philosophy (C4) is the part of Humanities and Social Sciences paper. The Philosophy syllabus is divided into four chapters. The detailed topics-wise GATE Philosophy syllabus is provided on this page. The GATE questions paper is based on the exam syllabus. IIT GUwahati will conduct the Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering. The GATE 2026 exam will be conducted as a computer-based test IN February.
Direct link to download the previous year's GATE Philosophy syllabus PDF
Along with the syllabus, candidates must check the GATE 2026 exam pattern. The exam pattern of GATE Philosophy is updated on this page. Knowledge of the GATE Philosophy syllabus will help in planning for the exam effectively.
Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati will upload the GATE Philosophy syllabus 2026 PDF on its official website. The same will be updated on this page. The Philosophy paper (XH-C4) will have two compulsory sections- General Aptitude & the Reasoning and Comprehension section. Candidates must prepare all the topics mentioned in the GATE Philosophy syllabus 2026. The topic-wise GATE Philosophy syllabus based on the previous year's notification is provided below.
Chapters | Topics |
---|---|
Classical Indian Philosophy | Orthodox Systems: Sānkhya- Puruṣa, Prakṛti, Guṇas, Satkāryavāda, Mokṣa (Kaivalya), Pramāṇas and Theory of Error, Yoga – Pramāṇas, Theory of Error, Iśvara, Citta, Kleśa, Aṣṭāngayoga, Kaivalya (Mokṣa), Nyāya – Pramāṇas, Hetvābhāsa, Iśvara, Asatkāryavāda, Theory of Error, Navya-Nyāya, Vaiśeṣika – Parataḥprāmāṇya, Padārthas (categories), Theory of Atomism (paramāṇuvāda), Mīmāmsā– Dharma, Apūrva, Mokṣa, Pramāṇas (both in Kumārila and Prabhākara), Anyathākhyāti, and, Vedānta– Advaita (Adhyāsa, Brahman, Iśvara, Ātman, Jīva, Mokṣa, Viśiṣṭādvaita (Tattva-traya, Mokṣa, and Refutation of Māyāvāda), Dvaita, Dvaitādvaita, Śuddhādvaita, Pramāṇa in Advaita and Viśiṣṭādvaita |
Heterodox Systems: Cārvāka – Pramāṇa, Indian marerislism and Hedonism, JainismPramāṇas, Syādvāda, Anekāntavāda, Padārtha (categories), Jīva and Ajīva, Mokṣa, Mahāvrata, Aṇuvrata, and, Buddhism – Ti-piṭaka, Sarvāstivāda, Sautrāntika, Mādhyamika, YogācāraVijñānavāda, Pañca-skandha, Anityavāda, Anātmavāda, Doctrine of Momentariness, Doctrine of Dependent Origination, Pramānas, Doctrine of Two Truths, Doctrine of Tri-kāya, Ṣaḍ-pāramitās, Brahmavihāras, Pāñcaśīla, and Bodhisattva Ideal, and Upāyakauśalya | |
Upaniṣads, Bhagavadgītā, and Dharmaśāstras: Philosophy of the Upaniṣads – Pure Monism, Brahmam and Ātman, Pañca-kośa, Parā-vidyā and Aparā-vidyā, Meaning of Dharma, Ṛta, Purusārtha, Śreyas and Preyas, Varṇāśrama-dharma, Dharma- Svadharma and Sādhāraṇa Dharma, Ṛna, Yajña, Karma-yoga, Sthitaprajña, Lokasaṃgraha, and Law of Karma. | |
KāṣmiraŚaivism, Śaivasiddhānta, VīraŚaivism, Śāktism and Vaiṣṇavism: KāṣmīraŚaivism – Pratyābhijña school, Śiva and Śakti, and Conception of Kriyā, Śaivasiddhānta – God (pati) and Divine Power (śakti), Proofs for God’s Existence, Bondage and Liberation, VīraŚaivism – Philosophical basis of VīraŚaivism, Śāktism - Philosophical basis of Śāktism, and Vaiṣṇavism – Philosophical basis of Vaiṣṇavism. | |
Contemporary Indian Philosophy | Vivekananda: Notion of God, Freedom and Karma, Nature of Soul/self, Practical Vedanta, and Universal Religion. Aurobindo: World Process – Involution and Evolution, Four Theories of Existence, The Supermind, Integral Yoga, and Gnostic Being. Iqbal: Nature of Intuition, Nature of Self, and Notion of God. Tagore: Humanism and Nature of Man, Notion of Religion, and Nationalism. K. C. Bhattacharyya: Concept of Absolute and Its Alternative Forms, and Notion Subjectivity and Freedom. Radhakrishnan: Nature of Ultimate Reality, Religious Experience, Intellect and Intuition, Hindu View of Life. J. Krishnamurti: Notion of Freedom, Choiceless Awareness, Truth is a Pathless Land, and Notion of Education. Gandhi: Notion of Truth, Nonviolence, Satyagraha, Swaraj, and Trusteeship. Ambedkar: Annihilation of Caste, Neo-Buddhism, Democracy, and Natural Rights and Law. M. N. Roy: Radical Humanism and Materialism. |
Classical and Modern Western Philosophy | Metaphysics: Pre-Socratic Philosophy of Thales, Anaxagoras, Anaximenies, Ionians, Pythagoras, Parmenides, Heraclitus and Democritus. Metaphysics of Plato and Aristotle: The question of Being (to on/ousia): Being as Idea in Plato's Phaedo, Republic and the Sophist, Being as synthesis of hyle [matter] and morphe [form] in Aristotle's Metaphysics and Physics. Problem of evil and existence of God in St. Augustine, St. Anselm, and St. Thomas Aquinas Metaphysics in Modern Philosophy: Substance, Mind-Body Dualism, Attribute, Parallelism, Pre-established harmony, the existence of God, Problem of Solipsism, Self and Personal Identity, Rejection of Metaphysics, Phenomena and Noumena, Transcendental Deduction of Categories, Being and Becoming, Absolute Idealism |
Epistemology: Plato and Aristotle’s Theory of Knowledge, Doxa, Episteme, and Sophia, Method of Dialectics, Theoretical and Practical Reason, Theory of Causation, Descarte’s Method of Doubt, cogito ergo sum, Innate Ideas and its refutation, Principle of Non-contradiction, Sufficient Reason, and Identity of Indiscernible, Locke’s Three Grades of Knowledge, Berkeley’s Critique of Abstract Ideas, Hume’s Impressions and Ideas, Induction and Causality, Kant’s Copernican Revolution, Forms of Sensibility, Possibility of Synthetic a priori Judgments. Hegel’s Dialectics, Spirit, and Absolute Idealism. | |
Ethics: Concepts of Good, Right, Justice, Duty, Obligation, Cardinal Virtues, Eudaemonism; Intuition as explained in Teleological and Deontological Theories; Egoism, Altruism, Universalism, Subjectivism, Cultural Relativism, Super-naturalism, Ethical realism and Intuitionism, Kant’s moral theory, Postulates of Morality, Good-will, Categorical Imperative, Duty, Means and ends, Maxims; Utilitarianism: Principle of Utility, Problem of Sanction and Justification of Morality, Moral theories of Bentham, J. S. Mill, Sidgwick; Theories of Punishment; Ethical Cognitivism and Non-cognitivism, Emotivism, Prescriptivism, Descriptivism. | |
Social and Political Philosophy: Plato’s theory of Justice and State, Aristotle’s definition of State and Political Naturalism; Classical Liberalism and Social Contract Theory (Hobbes, Rousseau, Locke); Marx’s Dialectical Materialism, Alienation, and critique of Capitalism | |
Logic: Truth and Validity, Nature of Propositions, Categorical Syllogism, Laws of Thought Classification of Propositions Square of Opposition, Truth-Functions and Propositional Logic, Quantification and Rules of Quantification; Symbolic Logic: Use of symbols; Truth Table for testing the validity of arguments; Differences between Deductive and Inductive Logic, Causality and Mill’s Method. | |
Contemporary Western Philosophy | Frege’s Sense and Reference; Logical Positivism’s Verification theory of meaning, Elimination of Metaphysics; Moore’s Distinction between Sense and Reference, Defense of common-sense, Proof of an External World; Russell’s Logical Atomism, Definite Descriptions, Refutation of Idealism; Wittgenstein on Language and Reality, the Picture Theory, critique of private language, Meaning and Use, Forms of life; Gilbert Ryle on Systematically Misleading Expressions, critique of Cartesian dualism; W.V.O. Quine’s Two Dogmas of Empiricism; P.F. Strawson’s concept of Person; Husserl’s Phenomenological Method, Philosophy as a rigorous science, Intentionality, Phenomenological Reduction, Inter-subjectivity; Heidegger’s concept of Being (Dasein), Being in the world; Sartre’s Concept of Freedom, Bad-faith, Humanism; MerleauPonty on Perception, Embodied Consciousness; William James’s Pragmatic Theories of Meaning and Truth, Varieties of Religious experience; John Dewey on Pragmatist Epistemology with focus on Inquiry, fallibilism and Experience, Education; Nietzsche on the Critique of Enlightenment, Will to Power, Genealogy of Moral; Richard Rorty’s Critique of Representationalism, Against Epistemological method, Edifying Philosophy, Levinas: Ethics as a first philosophy, Philosophy of ‘other’; Rawls’ Veil of Ignorance, Principle of Justice; Nozick’s critique of Rawls, Libertarianism: Charles Taylor’s Communitarianism, critique of the Liberal Self, Politics of recognition; Martha Nussbaum’s Liberal Feminism and Capability Approach; Simone de Beauvoir on Situated Freedom and Ethics of Ambiguity; Code and Harding on Situated Knowledge and Strong and Weak Objectivity; Gilligan and Noddings on Ethics of Care, Debate between Care and Justice. |
The authority will release the GATE Philosophy exam pattern 2026 online. Candidates can check the exam pattern of GATE for Philosophy below.
Particulars | Details |
---|---|
Examination Mode | Computer Based Test (Online) |
Duration | 3 Hours |
Section |
|
Type of Questions |
|
Total Marks | 100 Marks |
Marking Scheme | All of the questions will be worth 1 or 2 marks |
GATE Negative Marking |
|
Candidates can check the section-wise GATE 2026 philosophy marking scheme below. The marking scheme helps candidates know the weightage of various sections in the GATE philosophy exam. The following table will be updated with the GATE 2026 marking scheme for philosophy once released.
Subject | Marks Allotted |
---|---|
General Aptitude (GA) | 15 |
Reasoning and Comprehension (XH-B1) | 25 |
Economics (XH-C4) | 60 |
Total | 100 |
Candidates preparing for the upcoming GATE 2026 exam can check the GATE preparation tips. The preparation tips will help candidates prepare for the exam strategically.
Also check:
Candidates can download the GATE 2026 Philosophy syllabus PDF from the official website or from the link provided at the top of this page.
To prepare for the GATE Philosophy exam 2026, candidates must refer to the GATE philosophy syllabus and exam pattern. Aspirants must take multiple GATE mock tests and practice the previous year papers to strengthen their concepts.
According to the GATE philosophy exam pattern, the core subject will be held for 60 marks. While the compulsory reading comprehension section and the General aptitude section will be held for 25 and 15 marks respectively. The maximum marks is 100 marks while each question is of 1 or 2 marks. The detailed exam pattern is available in the article above.
The weightage for the GATE philosophy syllabus is 60%. The compulsory section- reading comprehension holds a 25% weightage while the general aptitude section has a weighatge of 15%.
Hello aspirant,
Yes, the registration for CEAP (Common Engineering Admission Procedure) for GATE-qualified candidates is now open on Anna University’s counselling portal. You can log in using your GATE credentials and complete the online registration, including payment and choice filling. After that, seat allotments will start once all registrations are processed. Keep an eye on the official portal for any updates regarding choice submission deadlines and seat allotment dates.
Yes, it is possible to get admitted to some government postgraduate (PG) programs, including M.Tech, without a GATE score. While GATE is a common and often preferred route for admission to many government institutions, especially IITs and NITs, several alternatives exist.
Here's how you can pursue PG programs without GATE:
Sponsored Seats:
Many IITs and NITs offer sponsored seats in their M.Tech programs. These seats are often available to candidates with relevant work experience (usually at least two years) in a related field.
Quality Improvement Programme (QIP):
This program allows individuals already working in academic institutions to pursue M.Tech degrees at IITs and other institutions without a GATE score.
Entrance Exams Conducted by Specific Institutions:
Some institutions, including IITs and NITs, may conduct their own entrance exams or interviews for specific M.Tech programs, especially for those not seeking GATE-based admission.
State-Level Entrance Exams:
Some state governments conduct their own entrance exams for postgraduate programs in state-funded universities and colleges.
Merit-Based Admission:
Some institutions may offer admission based on academic merit, considering your undergraduate performance and other relevant factors.
Private Institutions:
Private universities and colleges often offer M.Tech programs without mandatory GATE scores, relying on their own entrance exams, interviews, or merit-based admissions.
Study Abroad:
Consider pursuing an MS degree abroad, as many international universities have their own admission criteria, which may not include GATE.
Important Considerations:
Eligibility Criteria: Ensure you meet the specific eligibility criteria of the institution and program you are interested in, as these may vary.
Application Deadlines: Be aware of the application deadlines for each institution and program.
Alternative Exams: If you are considering an institution that conducts its own entrance exam, familiarize yourself with the exam pattern and syllabus.
Congratulations on securing an All India Rank of eight hundred seventy five in GATE Exam this is a very good achievement and opens up several opportunities first you can apply for postgraduate programs like MTech or ME in top institutes including IITs NITs and other centrally funded universities during the counselling sessions such as CCMT or institute level admissions your rank is strong enough for branches like core engineering computer science electrical mechanical and more in good as well as premier institutes second many public sector undertakings recruit graduates based on GATE scores companies like Indian Oil Corporation NTPC ONGC PowerGrid and BHEL consider candidates with high GATE ranks for engineering roles third you can also explore teaching and research assistant positions in technical institutes where GATE qualified candidates are preferred fourth if you are interested in further studies you could go for dual degree PhD or integrated research programs which require strong GATE scores to get scholarships and fellowships your rank makes you eligible for financial assistance under MHRD or institute specific schemes in summary with All India Rank eight hundred seventy five you are well placed for MTech admission jobs in PSUs academic or research careers and other advanced opportunities Let me know if you would like specific college or program recommendations under the same format
Hello Aspirant,
In the NIT Surathkal GATE cutoff list, G1 and G2 refer to seat categories for admission through CCMT counselling.
G1: General pool of seats—includes all primary category seats like General, OBC-NCL, SC, ST, EWS, PwD.
G2: Additional or supernumerary seats—may include seats reserved for specific categories (e.g., industry-sponsored, foreign nationals, or special quotas) depending on the institute’s policy.
For most candidates applying through GATE via CCMT, G1 is the main seat category you should focus on.
All the best for your M.Tech admission process.
Dear Candidate ,
You can download the GATE2026 Chemical Engineering syllabus PDF from the Careers360 site , to download follow the steps :
- Visit the Careers360 syllabus page
- Go to the " GATE Chemical Engineering Syllabus 2026 - Download CH Syllabus PDF " article .
- Locate the PDF Link .
- Download the PDF .
- If the link is not active yet , refresh the page periodically - Careers360 updates it soon after the official syllabus is released .
A flight attendant ensures passenger safety and comfort during flights. Key duties include conducting safety checks, assisting passengers, serving food and drinks, and managing emergencies. They must be well-trained in safety procedures and customer service. A high school diploma is typically required, followed by rigorous training to qualify for the role.
A Flight Engineer monitors and operates an aircraft’s complex systems like engines, fuel, and hydraulics during flight, ensuring optimal performance and safety. They assist pilots with technical issues, conduct inspections, and maintain records. This role requires strong technical knowledge, problem-solving, and communication skills. Training usually involves a degree in aviation or aerospace engineering and specialised certification.
An Aircrew Officer operates and navigates aircraft, ensuring safe flights and compliance with aviation regulations. Key duties include managing flight systems, conducting pre- and post-flight checks, and adhering to safety standards. The role typically requires working five days a week, with around 120 flight hours monthly. Employment may be contractual or permanent, depending on the airline.
An aerospace engineer designs, develops, tests, and maintains aircraft, spacecraft, and related systems. They apply physics and engineering principles to improve aerospace technologies, often working in aviation, defence, or space sectors. Key tasks include designing components, conducting tests, and performing research. A bachelor’s degree is essential, with higher roles requiring advanced study. The role demands analytical skills, technical knowledge, precision, and effective communication.
An air hostess, or flight attendant, ensures passenger safety and comfort during flights. Responsibilities include safety demonstrations, serving meals, managing the cabin, handling emergencies, and post-flight reporting. The role demands strong communication skills, a calm demeanour, and a service-oriented attitude. It offers opportunities to travel and work in the dynamic aviation and hospitality industry.
An aeronautical engineer designs, develops, tests, and maintains aircraft and related systems. They work on components like engines and wings, ensuring performance, safety, and efficiency. The role involves simulations, flight testing, research, and technological innovation to improve fuel efficiency and reduce noise. Aeronautical engineers collaborate with teams in aerospace companies, government agencies, or research institutions, requiring strong skills in physics, mathematics, and engineering principles.
A Safety Manager ensures workplace safety by developing policies, conducting training, assessing risks, and ensuring regulatory compliance. They investigate incidents, manage workers’ compensation, and handle emergency responses. Working across industries like construction and healthcare, they combine leadership, communication, and problem-solving skills to protect employees and maintain safe environments.
An airline pilot operates aircraft to transport passengers and cargo safely. Responsibilities include pre-flight planning, in-flight operations, team collaboration, and post-flight duties. Pilots work in varying schedules and environments, often with overnight layovers. The demand for airline pilots is expected to grow, driven by retirements and industry expansion. The role requires specialized training and adaptability.
Welding Engineer Job Description: A Welding Engineer work involves managing welding projects and supervising welding teams. He or she is responsible for reviewing welding procedures, processes and documentation. A career as Welding Engineer involves conducting failure analyses and causes on welding issues.
A career as Transportation Planner requires technical application of science and technology in engineering, particularly the concepts, equipment and technologies involved in the production of products and services. In fields like land use, infrastructure review, ecological standards and street design, he or she considers issues of health, environment and performance. A Transportation Planner assigns resources for implementing and designing programmes. He or she is responsible for assessing needs, preparing plans and forecasts and compliance with regulations.
An architect plans and designs buildings, ensuring they are safe, functional, and aesthetically pleasing. They collaborate with clients, engineers, and contractors throughout the construction process. Key skills include creativity, design software proficiency, and knowledge of building codes. In India, a 5-year B.Arch degree and registration with the Council of Architecture are required to practise professionally.
Having a landscape architecture career, you are involved in site analysis, site inventory, land planning, planting design, grading, stormwater management, suitable design, and construction specification. Frederick Law Olmsted, the designer of Central Park in New York introduced the title “landscape architect”. The Australian Institute of Landscape Architects (AILA) proclaims that "Landscape Architects research, plan, design and advise on the stewardship, conservation and sustainability of development of the environment and spaces, both within and beyond the built environment". Therefore, individuals who opt for a career as a landscape architect are those who are educated and experienced in landscape architecture. Students need to pursue various landscape architecture degrees, such as M.Des, M.Plan to become landscape architects. If you have more questions regarding a career as a landscape architect or how to become a landscape architect then you can read the article to get your doubts cleared.
Urban Planning careers revolve around the idea of developing a plan to use the land optimally, without affecting the environment. Urban planning jobs are offered to those candidates who are skilled in making the right use of land to distribute the growing population, to create various communities.
Urban planning careers come with the opportunity to make changes to the existing cities and towns. They identify various community needs and make short and long-term plans accordingly.
A plumber installs, maintains, and repairs water, gas, and waste systems in homes and buildings. Their duties include fixing leaks, installing fixtures, testing systems, ensuring safety compliance, and working with other professionals on projects. They also document repairs and may supervise apprentices. Plumbers play a key role in ensuring public health and the smooth functioning of essential utilities.
Individuals who opt for a career as construction managers have a senior-level management role offered in construction firms. Responsibilities in the construction management career path are assigning tasks to workers, inspecting their work, and coordinating with other professionals including architects, subcontractors, and building services engineers.
Individuals who opt for a career as an environmental engineer are construction professionals who utilise the skills and knowledge of biology, soil science, chemistry and the concept of engineering to design and develop projects that serve as solutions to various environmental problems.
Individuals who opt for a career as geothermal engineers are the professionals involved in the processing of geothermal energy. The responsibilities of geothermal engineers may vary depending on the workplace location. Those who work in fields design facilities to process and distribute geothermal energy. They oversee the functioning of machinery used in the field.
Energy efficiency engineering is a broad field of engineering which deals with energy efficiency, energy services, facility management, plant engineering, and sustainable energy resources. Energy efficiency engineering is one of the most recent engineering disciplines to emerge. The field combines the knowledge and understanding of physics, chemistry, and mathematics, with economic and environmental engineering practices. The main job of individuals who opt for a career as an energy performance engineer is to find the most efficient and sustainable path to operate buildings and manufacturing processes.
Individuals who opt for a career as energy performance engineers apply their understanding and knowledge to increase efficiency and further develop renewable sources of energy. The energy efficiency engineers also examine the use of energy in those procedures and suggest the ways in which systems can be improved.
A geologist attempts to comprehend the historical backdrop of the planet we live on, all the more likely to anticipate the future and clarify current events. He or she analyses the components, deployments, results, physical characteristics, and past of the planet. A geologist examines the landforms and landscapes of the earth in relation to the geology, climatic, and human processes that have shaped them.
A geologist studies earth procedures, for example, seismic tremors, avalanches, floods, and volcanic eruptions to review land and draw up safe structure plans. When he or she researches earth materials, explores metals and minerals, yet in addition search for oil, petroleum gas, water, and strategies to extricate these.
A career as a Petroleum engineer is concerned with activities related to producing petroleum. These products can be in the form of either crude oil or natural gas. Petroleum engineering also requires the exploration and refinement of petroleum resources. Therefore, a career as a petroleum engineer comes up with oil and gas onshore jobs. There are also desk jobs in the petroleum industry. In layman’s terms, a petroleum engineer is a person who finds the best way to drill and extract oil from oil wells. Individuals who opt for a career as petroleum engineer also tries to find new ways to extract oil in an efficient manner.
A career as Transportation Planner requires technical application of science and technology in engineering, particularly the concepts, equipment and technologies involved in the production of products and services. In fields like land use, infrastructure review, ecological standards and street design, he or she considers issues of health, environment and performance. A Transportation Planner assigns resources for implementing and designing programmes. He or she is responsible for assessing needs, preparing plans and forecasts and compliance with regulations.
A career as a civil engineer is of great importance for the infrastructural growth of the country. It is one of the most popular professions and there is great professional as well as personal growth in this civil engineering career path. There is job satisfaction in this civil engineering career path, but it also comes with a lot of stress, as there are multiple projects that need to be handled and have to be completed on time. Students should pursue physics, chemistry and mathematics in their 10+2 to become civil engineers.
A career as a Transportation Engineer is someone who takes care of people's safety. He or she is responsible for designing, planning and constructing a safe and secure transportation system. The transportation sector has seen a huge transformation and is growing day by day and improving every day.
As a Transport Engineer, he or she needs to solve complex problems such as accidents, costs, traffic flow, and statistics. A Transport Engineer also collaborates for projects with some other companies.
A Loco Pilot operates trains, ensuring safe and timely transport of passengers or goods. Starting as an Assistant Loco Pilot, one can progress to senior roles with experience. The job demands technical knowledge, focus, and adherence to safety protocols. It involves coordination with train staff and may require working long hours under pressure.
Ranked amongst top 3% universities globally (QS Rankings).
2-year postgraduate program focusing on advanced computing and IT applications
Ranked #46 Among Universities in India by NIRF | 1950+ Students Placed 91% Placement, 590+ Recruiters | Last Date to Apply: 15th July
NAAC A+ Grade | Ranked No.1 Private University in India (QS World University Rankings 2025)
100% Placement Assistance | Avail Merit Scholarships
NAAC A++ Accredited | Accorded institution of Eminence by Govt. of India | NIRF Rank #4