GATE Biotechnology Syllabus 2026 (BT) - IIT Guwahati has published the GATE 2026 Biotechnology syllabus on the official website, gate2026.iitg.ac.in. The GATE BT syllabus 2026 includes topics from various sections like General Aptitude, Engineering Mathematics, General Biology, Genetics, and Cellular and Molecular Biology. Fundamentals of Biological Engineering, Bioprocess Engineering, Process Biotechnology, etc. Aspirants can download the GATE syllabus PDF from this page. The GATE 2026 exam for Biotechnology (BT) exam is scheduled on February 7, 2026, afternoon session from 2:30 pm to 5:30 pm. The GATE 2026 admit card will be issued on January 2, 2026. Candidates can check the GATE Biotechnology syllabus 2026 on this page.
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GATE Biotechnology Syllabus 2026- Download PDF Here
GATE Biotechnology 2026 Syllabus for Engineering Mathematics
GATE 2026 Biotechnology Syllabus for General Biology
GATE Biotechnology Syllabus for Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology 2026
GATE Biotechnology 2026 Syllabus for Fundamentals of Biological Engineering
GATE Biotechnology Syllabus 2026 for Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology
GATE 2026 Biotechnology Syllabus for Plant, Animal, and Microbial Biotechnology
GATE 2026 Biotechnology Syllabus for Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools
GATE syllabus for Biotechnology 2026
The Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering will be held for three hours. The GATE 2026 question paper will be prepared based on the syllabus of Biotechnology. Along with the GATE Biotechnology syllabus, candidates must check the exam pattern to plan their preparation. The GATE Biotechnology syllabus 2026 mostly includes topics from the UG level.
GATE Biotechnology Syllabus 2026- Download PDF Here
IIT Guwahati has released the syllabus of GATE Biotechnology 2026 on the official website, gate2026.iitg.ac.in. Candidates can check the detailed GATE 2026 BT syllabus in the table below.
GATE BT Syllabus 2026 for General Aptitude (GA)
Chapters
Topics
GATE GA syllabus for Verbal Aptitude
Basic English grammar: tenses, articles, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, verb-noun agreement, and other parts of speech
Basic vocabulary: words, idioms, and phrases in context, reading and comprehension, Narrative sequencing.
GATE GA syllabus for Quantitative Aptitude
Data interpretation: data graphs (bar graphs, pie charts, and other graphs representing data), 2- and 3-dimensional plots, maps, and tables
Numerical computation and estimation: ratios, percentages, powers, exponents and logarithms, permutations and combinations, and series Mensuration and geometry. Elementary statistics and probability
GATE GA syllabus for Analytical Aptitude
Logic: deduction and induction, Analogy, Numerical relations and reasoning
GATE GA syllabus for Spatial Aptitude
Transformation of shapes: translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring, assembling, and grouping paper folding, cutting, and patterns in 2 and 3 dimensions.
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GATE Biotechnology 2026 Syllabus for Engineering Mathematics
The Engineering Mathematics segment within the GATE Biotechnology syllabus is a shared component across diverse Engineering disciplines within the GATE exam. This section encompasses six main areas: Linear Algebra, Calculus, Differential Equations, Analysis of Complex Variables, Probability and Statistics, and Numerical Methods. These topics are elaborated upon as follows.
GATE Previous Year Question Paper's
Download GATE previous year question papers to understand exam pattern and difficulty level. Practice with these papers to boost your preparation and improve your score.
Matrix algebra, systems of linear equations, consistency and rank, Eigenvalues, and Eigenvectors.
Calculus
Mean value theorems, theorems of integral calculus, partial derivatives, maxima and minima, multiple integrals, Fourier series, vector identities, line, surface and volume integrals, Stokes, Gauss, and Green’s theorems.
Differential equations
First-order equation (linear and nonlinear), second-order linear differential equations with constant coefficients, Method of variation of parameters, Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations, Initial and boundary value problems, solution of partial differential equations: variable separable method.
Analysis of complex variables
Analytic functions, Cauchy’s integral theorem, integral formula, Taylor’s and Laurent’s series, residue theorem, and solution of integrals.
Probability and Statistics
Sampling theorems, conditional probability, mean, median, mode, standard deviation, and variance, random variables: discrete and continuous distributions: normal, Poisson, and binomial distributions.
Numerical Methods
Matrix inversion, solutions of nonlinear algebraic equations, iterative methods for solving differential equations, numerical integration, regression, and correlation analysis.
GATE 2026 Biotechnology Syllabus for General Biology
The GATE biotechnology syllabus within the field of Biotechnology encompasses several significant subjects, including uncompetitive inhibition, competence, immunisation, and numerous others. Let's delve into the topics listed in the table below.
GATE BT General Biology Syllabus 2026
Sections
Topics
Biochemistry
Biomolecules– structure and function, Biological membranes, molecular motors, action potential and transport processes, Basic concepts and regulation of the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids and nucleic acids, photosynthesis, respiration and electron transport chain. Enzymes– Classification, catalytic and regulatory strategies. Enzyme inhibition–competitive, non-competitive and uncompetitive inhibition.
Microbiology
Bacterial classification and diversity, Microbial Ecology- microbes in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems, Microbial interactions, Viruses- structure and classification, Methods in microbiology, Microbial growth and nutrition, Nitrogen fixation, Microbial diseases and host-pathogen interactions, Antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance.
Immunology
Innate and adaptive immunity, humoral and cell-mediated immunity, Antibody structure and function, Molecular basis of antibody diversity, T cell, and B cell development, Antigen-antibody reaction, complement, Primary and secondary lymphoid organs, Major histocompatibility complex (MHC), Antigen processing and presentation, Polyclonal and monoclonal antibody, Regulation of immune response, Immune tolerance, hypersensitivity, autoimmunity, Graft versus host reaction, Immunization and vaccines.
GATE Biotechnology Syllabus for Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology 2026
The Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology segment of the GATE Biotechnology syllabus 2026 encompasses a range of topics, including Genetic disorders, Molecular structure of genes and chromosomes, Extracellular matrix, and more. Here is the complete GATE BT exam syllabus 2026-
GATE Biotechnology Syllabus 2026 for Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology
Sections
Topics
Genetics and Evolutionary Biology
Mendelian inheritance, Gene interaction, Complementation, Linkage, recombination and chromosome mapping, Extrachromosomal inheritance, Microbial genetics– transformation, transduction and conjugation, Horizontal gene transfer and transposable elements, Chromosomal variation, Genetic disorders, Population genetics, Epigenetics, Selection and inheritance, Adaptive and neutral evolution, Genetic drift, Species, and speciation.
Cell Biology
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure, cell cycle and cell growth control, Cell-cell communication, Cell signalling, and signal transduction, Post-translational modifications, Protein trafficking, Cell death, autophagy, and Extracellular matrix.
Molecular Biology
Molecular structure of genes and chromosomes, Mutations and mutagenesis, Regulation of gene expression, Nucleic acid– replication, transcription, splicing, translation and their regulatory mechanisms, Non-coding and microRNA, RNA interference, DNA damage, and repair.
GATE Biotechnology 2026 Syllabus for Fundamentals of Biological Engineering
The Fundamentals of Biological Engineering section of the GATE Biotechnology syllabus includes topics such as electron balance, Conduction and convective heat transfer, mixing in bioreactors, Laws of thermodynamics, and more. Let's delve into a comprehensive description of the GATE BT syllabus:
GATE BT Fundamentals of Biological Engineering Syllabus 2026
Sections
Topics
Engineering Principles applied to biological systems
Material and energy balances for reactive and non-reactive systems, recycle, bypass and purge processes, Stoichiometry of growth and product formation, Degree of reduction, electron balance, and theoretical oxygen demand.
Classical thermodynamics and Bioenergetics
Classical thermodynamics and BioenergeticLaws of thermodynamics, Solution thermodynamics, Phase equilibria, reaction equilibria, Ligand binding, Membrane potential, Energetics of metabolic pathways, oxidation and reduction reactions.s
Transport Processes
Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, fluid flow– laminar and turbulent, Mixing in bioreactors, mixing time, Molecular diffusion and film theory, Oxygen transfer and uptake in a bioreactor, kLa and its measurement, Conductive and convective heat transfer, LMTD, overall heat transfer coefficient, Heat exchangers.
GATE Biotechnology Syllabus 2026 for Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology
The Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology segment within the GATE Biotechnology syllabus for 2026 encompasses crucial subjects including Thiele modulus, Filtration, tuning of controllers, and more. Let's take a look at the significant topics addressed in the GATE BT syllabus:
GATE BT Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology Syllabus 2026
Section
Topics
Bioreaction Engineering
Rate law, zero and first-order kinetics, Ideal reactors– batch, mixed flow, and plug flow, Enzyme immobilisation, diffusion effects – Thiele modulus, effectiveness factor, Damköhler number, Kinetics of cell growth, substrate utilisation, and product formation, Structured and unstructured models, batch, fed-batch, and continuous processes, Microbial and enzyme reactors, Optimisation and scale-up.
Upstream and Downstream Processing
Media formulation and optimisation, Sterilisation of air and media, Filtration– membrane filtration, ultrafiltration, Centrifugation – high speed and ultra, Cell disruption, Principles of chromatography– ion exchange, gel filtration, hydrophobic interaction, affinity, GC, HPLC and FPLC, extraction, adsorption, and drying.
Instrumentation and Process Control
Pressure, temperature, and flow measurement devices, Valves, First-order and second-order systems, Feedback and feedforward control, Types of controllers– proportional, derivative, and integral control, tuning of controllers.
GATE 2026 Biotechnology Syllabus for Plant, Animal, and Microbial Biotechnology
The Plant, Animal, and Microbial Biotechnology section within the GATE Biotechnology syllabus encompasses a range of subjects, including methodology, Plastid transformation, Culture media composition and growth conditions, Biofuels, antibiotics, and more. Here are the significant topics covered in this section:
GATE Biotechnology Syllabus 2026 of Plant, Animal, and Microbial Biotechnology
Section
Topics
Plants
Totipotency- Regeneration of plants, Plant growth regulators and elicitors, Tissue culture and cell suspension culture system – methodology, the kinetics of growth and nutrient optimization, Production of secondary metabolites, Hairy root culture, Plant products of industrial importance, Artificial seeds, Somaclonal variation, Protoplast, protoplast fusion – somatic hybrid and cybrid, Transgenic plants– direct and indirect methods of gene transfer techniques, Selection marker and reporter gene, Plastid transformation.
Animals
Culture media composition and growth conditions, Animal cell and tissue preservation, Anchorage and non-anchorage dependent cell culture, Kinetics of cell growth, Micro macro-carrier culture, Hybridoma technology, Stem cell technology, Animal cloning, Transgenic animals, Knock-out and knock-in animals.
Microbes
Production of biomass and primary/secondary metabolites – Biofuels, bioplastic, industrial enzymes, antibiotics, Large-scale production and purification of recombinant proteins and metabolites, Clinical-, food- and industrial- microbiology, Screening strategies for new products.
GATE 2026 Biotechnology Syllabus for Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools
The Recombination DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology segment holds significance within the GATE Syllabus for Biotechnology. It encompasses a range of topics, including DNA library, RAPD, RFLP, Enzymatic assays, Gene prediction, UV, visible, and more. Here are the notable subjects covered in the GATE exam syllabus for Biotechnology's DNA Technology and Other Tools section:
GATE BT Syllabus 2026 for Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools
Section
Topics
Recombinant DNA Technology
Restriction and modification enzymes, Vectors – plasmids, bacteriophage and other viral vectors, cosmids, Ti plasmid, bacterial and yeast artificial chromosomes, Expression vectors, cDNA and genomic DNA library, Gene isolation and cloning, strategies for the production of recombinant proteins, Transposons and gene targeting,
Molecular tools
Polymerase chain reaction, DNA/RNA labelling and sequencing, Southern and northern blotting, In-situ hybridization, DNA fingerprinting, RAPD, RFLP, Site-directed mutagenesis, Gene transfer technologies, CRISPR-Cas, Biosensing, and biosensors.
Analytical tools
Principles of microscopy– light, electron, fluorescent and confocal, Principles of spectroscopy– UV, visible, CD, IR, fluorescence, FT-IR, MS, NMR, Electrophoresis, Micro-arrays, Enzymatic assays, Immunoassays– ELISA, RIA, immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, Flow cytometry, Whole-genome, and ChIP-sequencing.
Computational tools
Bioinformatics resources and search tools, Sequence and structure databases, Sequence analysis– sequence file formats, scoring matrices, alignment, phylogeny, Genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, Gene prediction, Functional annotation, Secondary structure and 3D structure prediction, Knowledge discovery in Biochemical databases, Metagenomics, Metabolic Engineering, and Systems Biology.
GATE Biotechnology Exam Pattern 2026
The authority has released the GATE BT 2026 exam pattern online. Candidates can check the GATE 2026 exam pattern for Biotechnology to know the marking scheme, duration of the test, types of questions, and more. GATE BT question paper comprises 65 questions for 100 marks. The question paper has two sections - General Aptitude and Core Subject. GATE BT exam duration is of three hours.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: How can I prepare for GATE 2026 Biotechnology?
A:
To prepare for GATE 2026 Biotechnology, candidates must focus on subject-specific preparation by using specialized books and practice materials.
Q: What is the syllabus for GATE Biotechnology?
A:
The core subjects of the GATE Biotechnology Syllabus 2026 include Plant, Animal, and Microbial Biotechnology; General Biology; Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology; Fundamentals of Biological Engineering; Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology; Recombinant DNA Technology; and other tools in Biotechnology.
Q: How many sections are there in GATE Biotech syllabus?
A:
The syllabus of GATE Biotechnology 2026 consists of a total of seven sections, including Engineering Mathematics and core Biotechnology-related subjects.
Q: What is the marking scheme for GATE syllabus biotechnology 2026?
A:
In the GATE Biotechnology 2026 exam, questions carry either 1 mark or 2 marks.
Q: What are the Major Topics Included in the GATE Biotechnology Syllabus?
A:
The GATE Biotechnology Syllabus encompasses a range of subjects including Biochemistry, Microbiology, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Immunology, Recombinant DNA Technology, Bioprocess Engineering, and more.
Q: Is the GATE Biotechnology Syllabus Updated Regularly?
A:
Yes, the GATE syllabus, including the Biotechnology section, is updated periodically to align with the evolving trends in the field. The updates ensure that the syllabus remains relevant and covers the latest advancements and concepts in biotechnology.
Q: Where can I find the detailed GATE Biotechnology syllabus for 2026?
A:
Aspirants can find the detailed GATE 2026 Biotechnology syllabus on the official website.
If you missed the correction window for GATE 2026, the portal will not allow changes right now. Usually, IIT opens a correction period only once. Since you need to change your surname, the best option is to contact the GATE organizing institute through their official support email or helpline and explain your issue with valid proof like your Aadhaar or school documents. They sometimes allow corrections in genuine cases, but it depends on their approval. Make sure to keep all documents ready when you contact them.
Balancing Engineering semester exams with competitive exam preparation can feel confusing but with right and realistic routine makes it very achievable.
Start by dividing your day into two parts: use college hours and afternoons for semester prep and keep early mornings or late evenings for GATE prep.
Make weekly targets instead of daily pressure, revise class notes on the same day.
Use weekends for mock tests, previous year papers and deeper revision.
Try to limit social media, study in 40 to 50 mins focused blocks and take short breaks.
Most importantly stay consistent and give yourself patience.
With consistent timetable and steady effort you can manage both in smooth. All the best Aanchal!
If you are interested in Development Studies and planning to appear for GATE XH C6 (Sociology), then you are already moving in the right direction. Having a backlog does not disqualify you from pursuing higher studies, as long as you clear it before the admission process begins. Since you mentioned that you can clear the backlog before February 2026, it should not affect your eligibility for PG admissions. Most universities require a completed bachelor’s degree with no active backlog at the time of admission.
Your CGPA of 6.9 is acceptable for many institutes, although some top institutes may have higher cutoffs. Your interest in sociology and Development Studies will be helpful because the GATE XH paper tests conceptual understanding. If you prepare consistently and score well in GATE, you can apply to reputed institutes offering Development Studies such as IITs, TISS, JNU, Azim Premji University, and others.
Focus on clearing your remaining backlog and continue your GATE preparation strongly. If you balance both, you can build a good academic profile for admission into Development Studies. All the best.
You can change your category in the GATE application by logging into the GOAPS portal during the correction window and using the "Edit GATE Application Form" option to make the change. You will likely need to pay an additional fee for the change and may need to provide a valid category certificate.
Other than the GATE exam, admission to MTech programs in Data Science/AI for 2026 includes university-specific entrance tests like VITMEE, BITS HD Entrance Test, and SRMJEEE PG, as well as state-level common entrance tests such as Karnataka PGCET and TS PGECET.
A flight attendant ensures passenger safety and comfort during flights. Key duties include conducting safety checks, assisting passengers, serving food and drinks, and managing emergencies. They must be well-trained in safety procedures and customer service. A high school diploma is typically required, followed by rigorous training to qualify for the role.
A Flight Engineer monitors and operates an aircraft’s complex systems like engines, fuel, and hydraulics during flight, ensuring optimal performance and safety. They assist pilots with technical issues, conduct inspections, and maintain records. This role requires strong technical knowledge, problem-solving, and communication skills. Training usually involves a degree in aviation or aerospace engineering and specialised certification.
An Aircrew Officer operates and navigates aircraft, ensuring safe flights and compliance with aviation regulations. Key duties include managing flight systems, conducting pre- and post-flight checks, and adhering to safety standards. The role typically requires working five days a week, with around 120 flight hours monthly. Employment may be contractual or permanent, depending on the airline.
An aerospace engineer designs, develops, tests, and maintains aircraft, spacecraft, and related systems. They apply physics and engineering principles to improve aerospace technologies, often working in aviation, defence, or space sectors. Key tasks include designing components, conducting tests, and performing research. A bachelor’s degree is essential, with higher roles requiring advanced study. The role demands analytical skills, technical knowledge, precision, and effective communication.
An air hostess, or flight attendant, ensures passenger safety and comfort during flights. Responsibilities include safety demonstrations, serving meals, managing the cabin, handling emergencies, and post-flight reporting. The role demands strong communication skills, a calm demeanour, and a service-oriented attitude. It offers opportunities to travel and work in the dynamic aviation and hospitality industry.
An aeronautical engineer designs, develops, tests, and maintains aircraft and related systems. They work on components like engines and wings, ensuring performance, safety, and efficiency. The role involves simulations, flight testing, research, and technological innovation to improve fuel efficiency and reduce noise. Aeronautical engineers collaborate with teams in aerospace companies, government agencies, or research institutions, requiring strong skills in physics, mathematics, and engineering principles.
A Safety Manager ensures workplace safety by developing policies, conducting training, assessing risks, and ensuring regulatory compliance. They investigate incidents, manage workers’ compensation, and handle emergency responses. Working across industries like construction and healthcare, they combine leadership, communication, and problem-solving skills to protect employees and maintain safe environments.
An airline pilot operates aircraft to transport passengers and cargo safely. Responsibilities include pre-flight planning, in-flight operations, team collaboration, and post-flight duties. Pilots work in varying schedules and environments, often with overnight layovers. The demand for airline pilots is expected to grow, driven by retirements and industry expansion. The role requires specialized training and adaptability.
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