Animal Diversity | Distribution, systematics and classification of animals, phylogenetic relationships |
Evolution | Origin and history of life on earth, theories of evolution, natural selection, adaptation, speciation |
Genetics | Basic Principles of inheritance, the molecular basis of heredity, sex determination, and sex-linked characteristics, cytoplasmic inheritance, linkage, recombination, and mapping of genes in eukaryotes, population genetics, genetic disorders, roles of model organisms in understanding genetic principles |
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology | Nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and carbohydrates; replication, transcription & translation, Krebs cycle, glycolysis, enzyme catalysis, hormones and their actions, roles of vitamins and minerals |
Cell Biology | Basic principles of cellular microscopy, structure of cell, cytoskeletal organization, cellular organelles and their structure and function, cell cycle, cell division, chromosomes, and chromatin structure |
Gene expression in Eukaryotes | Eukaryotic genome organization and regulation of gene expression, transposable elements |
Animal Anatomy and Physiology | Comparative physiology, the respiratory system, Muscular system, circulatory system, digestive system, the nervous system, the excretory system, the endocrine system, the reproductive system, skeletal system |
Parasitology and Immunology | Nature of parasite, host-parasite relation, protozoan and helminthic parasites, the immune response, cellular and humoral immune response |
Development Biology | Gametogenesis, Embryonic development, cellular differentiation, organogenesis, metamorphosis, Model organisms used in developmental biology, genetic and molecular basis of development, stem cells |
Ecology | The ecosystem, Animal distribution, ecological niche and its contribution to ecological diversity, the food chain, population dynamics, species diversity, zoogeography, biogeochemical cycles, conservation biology, ecotoxicology |
Animal Behaviour | Type of behaviours, courtship, mating and territoriality, instinct, learning and memory, social behaviour across the animal taxa, communication, pheromones, evolution of behaviour in animals |