Topics | Sub-Topics |
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Linear Algebra | Matrices and Determinants; Systems of linear equations; Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors |
Calculus | Limit, continuity and differentiability; Successive differentiation; Partial differentiation; Maxima and minima; Errors and approximations; Definite and improper integrals; Sequences and series; Test for convergence; Power series; Taylor series. |
Differential Equations | First order linear and non-linear differential equations; Higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients; Euler-Cauchy equation; Partial differential equations; Wave and heat equations; Laplace’s equation. |
Probability and Statistics | Random variables; Poisson, binomial and normal distributions; Mean, mode, median, standard deviation; Confidence interval; Test of hypothesis; Correlation analysis; Regression analysis; Analysis of variance; Control charts. |
Numerical Methods | Numerical solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equations; Numerical integration by trapezoidal and Simpson’s rules; Single-step and multi-step numerical methods for differential equations. |
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Textile Fibres | Classification of textile fibres; Essential requirements of fibre forming polymers; Gross and fine structures of natural
fibres like cotton, wool, silk; Introduction to bast fibres; Properties and uses of natural and man-made fibres including
carbon, aramid and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibres; Physical and chemical methods of fibre and blend
identification and blend analysis Molecular architecture, amorphous and crystalline phases, glass transition, plasticization, crystallization, melting,
factors affecting Tg and Tm; Polymerization of nylon-6, nylon-66, poly (ethylene terephthalate), polyacrylonitrile and
polypropylene; Melt spinning processes for PET, polyamide and polypropylene; Preparation of spinning dope;
Principles of wet spinning, dry spinning, dry-jet-wet spinning and gel spinning; Spinning of acrylic, viscose and other
regenerated cellulosic fibres such as polynosic and lyocell; Post spinning operations such as drawing, heat setting,
tow-to-top conversion; Spin finish composition and applications; Different texturing methods. Methods of investigating fibre structure such as density, x-ray diffraction, birefringence, optical and electron
microscopy such as SEM and TEM, I.R. spectroscopy, thermal methods such as DSC, DMA, TMA and TGA;
Structure and morphology of man-made fibres; Mechanical properties of fibres; Moisture sorption of fibres; Fibre
structure-property correlation
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Yarn Manufacture, Yarn Structure and Properties | Principles of ginning; Principles of opening, cleaning and blending; Working principles of modern blow room
machines; Fundamentals of carding; Conventional vs. modern carding machine; Card setting; Card clothing; Periodic
mass variation in card sliver; Card auto leveller; Principles of roller drawing; Roller arrangements in drafting systems;
Periodic mass variation in drawn sliver; Draw frame auto leveller; Principles of cotton combing; Combing cycle and mechanisms; Recent developments in combing machine; Principles of drafting, twisting, and bobbin building in roving
formation; Modern developments in roving machine; Principles of drafting, twisting and cop building in ring spinning;
Causes of end breakages; Modern developments in ring spinning machine; Working principles of ring doubler and
two-for-one twister; Relationship between single yarn twist and folded yarn twist; Principles of compact, rotor, airjet, air-vortex, friction, core, wrap and twist-less spinning processes. Influence of fibre geometry, fibre configuration and fibre orientation in yarn; Fibre packing density of yarn; Yarn
diameter; Yarn twist and its relation to yarn strength; Helical arrangement of fibres in yarns; Yarn contraction; Fibre
migration in yarns; Stress-strain relation in yarn; Mass irregularity of yarn; Structure-property relationship in ring,
compact, rotor, air-jet and friction spun yarns.
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Fabric Manufacture, Structure, and Properties | Principles of winding processes; Classification of winding methods; Patterning mechanism; Yarn clearers and tensioners; Different systems of yarn splicing; Warping objectives and classification; Different types of warping creels; Features of beam and sectional warping machines; Different sizing systems; Sizing of spun and filament yarns; Drawing-in process; Principles of pirn winding. Primary and secondary motions of loom; Shedding motion; Positive and negative shedding mechanisms; Type of sheds; Tappet, dobby and jacquard shedding; Weft insertion; Mechanics of weft insertion with shuttle; Shuttle picking and checking; Beat-up; Kinematics of sley; Loom timing diagram; Cam designing; Effect of sley setting and cam profile on fabric formation; Take-up and Let-off motions; Warp and weft stop motions; Warp protection; Weft replenishment; Principles of weft insertion systems of shuttle-less weaving machines such as projectile, rapier, water-jet and air-jet; Principles of functioning of multiphase and circular looms; Types of selvedges. Basic woven fabric constructions and their derivatives; Crepe, cord, terry, gauze, leno and double cloth constructions; Drawing and lifting plans. Fundamentals of weft knitting; Classification of weft knitting technologies; Weft knitted constructions such as plain, rib, interlock and purl; Different knit stitches such as loop, tuck and float. Principle of warp knitting; Classification of warp knitting technologies; Swinging and shogging motion of guide bar; Basic warp knit construction such as pillar, tricot, atlas, inlay and nets. Fibre preparation processes for nonwovens; Web formation and bonding processes; Spun-bonding and melt-blowing technologies; Applications of nonwoven fabrics. Principles of braiding; Type of braids; Maypole braiding technology Peirce’s equations for plain woven fabric geometry; Elastic a model of plain-woven fabric; Thickness, cover and maximum set of woven fabrics; Geometry of plain weft knitted loop; Munden’s constants and tightness factor for plain weft knitted fabrics; Geometry of tubular braids.
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Textile Testing | Sampling techniques for fibres, yarns and fabrics; Sample size and sampling errors. Moisture in textiles; Fibre length, fineness, crimp, maturity and trash content; Tensile testing of fibres; High volume fibre testing. Linear density of sliver, roving and yarn; Twist and hairiness of yarn; Tensile testing of yarns; Evenness testing; Fault measurement and analysis of yarns Fabric thickness, compressibility, stiffness, shear, drape, crease recovery, tear strength, bursting strength, pilling and abrasion resistance; Tensile testing of fabrics; Objective evaluation of low-stress mechanical characteristics; Air permeability; Wetting and wicking; Water-vapour transmission through fabrics; Thermal resistance of fabrics.
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Chemical Processing | Impurities in natural fibre; Singeing; Chemistry and practice of preparatory processes for cotton; Preparatory processing of wool and silk; Mercerization of cotton; Preparatory processes for manmade fibres and their blends; Optical brightening agent. Classification of dyes; Dyeing of cotton, wool, silk, polyester, nylon and acrylic with appropriate classes of dyes; Dyeing of polyester/cotton and polyester/wool blends; Dyeing machines; Dyeing processes and machines for cotton knitted fabrics; Dye-fibre interaction; Introduction to thermodynamics and kinetics of dyeing; Brief idea about the relation between colour and chemical constitution; Beer-Lambert’s law; Kubelka-Munk theory and its application in colour measurement; Methods for determination of wash, light and rubbing fastness Methods of printing such as roller printing and screen printing; Preparation of printing paste; Various types of thickeners; Printing auxiliaries; Direct styles of printing of (i) cotton with reactive dyes, (ii) wool, silk, nylon with acid and metal complex dyes, (iii) polyester with disperse dyes; Resist and discharge printing of cotton, silk and polyester; Pigment printing; Transfer printing of polyester; Inkjet printing; Printing faults. Mechanical finishing of cotton; Stiff, soft, wrinkle resistant, water repellent, flame retardant and enzyme (bio-polishing) finishing of cotton; Milling, decatizing, and shrink resistant finishing of wool; Antistatic and soil release finishing; Heat setting of synthetic fabrics; Minimum application techniques. Pollution control and treatment of effluents
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