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Stress and its types is considered one of the most asked concept.
89 Questions around this concept.
The internal restoring force acting per unit area of cross-section of the deform body is called:
The ratio of f radii of two wires of the same material is 2:1. If they are stretched by the same force the ratio of stress is -
The unit of stress is-
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A wire elongates by $l \mathrm{~mm}$ when a load $W$ is hanged from it. If the wire goes over a pulley and two weights $W$ each are hung at the two ends, the elongation of the wire will be (in mm )
The maximum load a wire can withstand without breaking when its length is reduced to half of its original length, will
Which of the following is true about normal stress :
Shearing strain is given by
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If the deforming force produces a change in the shape of the body without changing in its volume, the strain produced is called -
The modulus of rigidity of a liquid is
The ratio change in length to the original length is defined as -
When a force is applied on a body, it is deformed to a small or large extent depending upon the nature of the material of the body and the magnitude of the deforming force.
The internal restoring force acting per unit area of the cross-section of the deformed body is called stress and is denoted by σ.
- The magnitude of stress, $\sigma=\frac{F}{A}$
- Unit of stress: $N / m^2$ or Pascal(Pa)
- Dimension of stress: $\left[M L^{-1} T^{-2}\right]$
Types of stress:
Tensile stress: Longitudinal stress produced due to an increase in the length of a body under a deforming force is called tensile stress.
Compressive stress: Longitudinal stress produced due to a decrease in the length of a body under a deforming force is called compressional stress.
Fig: Tensile Stress Fig: Compressive Stress
Shearing stress/ tangential stress: if two equal and opposite deforming forces are applied parallel to the cross-sectional area of the cylinder, there is a relative displacement between the opposite faces of the cylinder. The restoring force per unit area developed due to the applied tangential force is known as tangential or shearing stress.
In this case, deforming force is applied tangentially to one of the faces.
The area for calculation is the area of the face on which force is applied.
It produces a change in shape, with volume remaining the same.
Fig:- Shearing stress
Volume stress:
It produces a change in volume and density, shape remaining the same.
It occurs in solids, liquids or gases
In the case of fluids, only bulk stress can be found.
It is equal to a change in pressure because the change in pressure is responsible for change in volume.
Volume stress $=\frac{F}{A}=P$
Strain is defined as the ratio of change in configuration to the original configuration.
It has no dimensions and units as it is the ratio of two similar kind of physical quantities.
Types of strain:-
Longitudinal strain:- If the deforming force produces a change in length alone, the strain produced in the body is called longitudinal strain.
If the length increases from its natural length, the longitudinal strain is called tensile strain.
Longitudinal strain $=\frac{\Delta L}{L}$
Fig: Tensile strain
Fig: Compressive strain
Shear strain:- If the deforming force produces a change in the shape of the body without changing its volume, strain produced is called shearing strain.
It is defined as angle in radians through which a plane perpendicular to the fixed surface of the cubical body gets turned under the effect of tangential force.
Fig:- Shearing strain
Shearing stress $=\frac{\Delta X}{L}$
Fig:- A book subjected to a shearing stress
Volume Strain:- If the deforming force produces a change in volume alone the strain produced in the body is called volumetric strain.
Fig:- Volumetric strain
Volume strain $=\frac{\Delta V}{V}$
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