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15 Questions around this concept.
Consider a rubber ball freely falling from a height of h=4.9m onto a horizontal elastic plate. Assume that the duration of the collision is negligible and the collision with the plate is totally elastic. Then the velocity as a function of time and the height as a function of time will be
The block of mass M moving on the frictionless horizontal surface collides with the spring of spring constant K and compresses it by length L. The maximum momentum of the block after collision is
A metal ball of mass 2 kg moving with speed of 36km/h is having a collision with a stationary ball of mass 3kg. If after collision, both the balls move together, the loss in kinetic energy due to collision is
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The interaction between two or more objects is called a collision.And during this interaction strong force acts between two or more bodies for a short time as a result of which the energy and momentum of the interacting particle change.
Stages of collision-
There are three distinct identifiable stages in collision
Before the collision.-
The interaction forces are zero
During the collision-
The interaction forces are very large and this forces act for a very short time. And because of this interaction forces the energy and momentum of the interacting particle change.
After the collision-
The interaction forces are zero
Momentum and energy conservation in collision
The magnitude of the interacting force is often unknown, therefore, Newton’s second law cannot be used. But the law of conservation of momentum is useful in relating the initial and final velocities.
Momentum conservation-
In a collision the effect of external forces such as gravity or friction is not taken into account as due to small duration of collision (t) average impulsive force responsible for collision is much larger than external force acting on the system and since this impulsive force is 'Internal' therefore the total momentum of the system always remains conserved.
Energy conservation-
In a collision 'total energy' is also always conserved. Here total energy includes all forms of energy such as mechanical energy, internal energy, excitation energy, radiant energy, etc.
But in a collision Kinetic energy may or may not be conserved.
Coefficient of restitution-
The ratio of the relative velocity of separation to the relative velocity of approach.
$e=\frac{v_2-v_1}{u_1-u_2}=\frac{\text { Relative velocity of separation }}{\text { Relative velocity of approach }}$
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