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Common ion effect - Practice Questions & MCQ

Edited By admin | Updated on Sep 18, 2023 18:35 AM | #JEE Main

Quick Facts

  • pH of weak acid + strong acid is considered one the most difficult concept.

  • 17 Questions around this concept.

Solve by difficulty

Which one of the following statements is not true?

Given below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R:

Assertion A: pKa value of phenol is 10.0 while that of ethanol is 15.9

Reason R : Ethanol is stronger acid than phenol.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Concepts Covered - 2

Common ion effect

The value of the degree of dissociation for a weak electrolyte is decreased by the addition of a strong electrolyte having a common ion. As a result of this effect, the concentration of the uncommon ion of the weak electrolyte decreases.
For example:

  •  \mathrm{NH_{4}OH\: \rightleftharpoons \: NH_{4}^{+}\: +\: OH^{-}}
    weak electrolyte

     \mathrm{NH_{4}Cl\: \rightleftharpoons \: NH_{4}^{+}\: +\: Cl^{-}}
                       Common ion
     Here \alpha for NH4OH will be decreased by NH4Cl
  • \mathrm{CH_{3}COOH\: \rightleftharpoons \: CH_{3}COO^{-}\: +\: H^{+}}
    \mathrm{CH_{3}COONa\: \rightleftharpoons \: CH_{3}COO^{-}\: +\: Na^{+}}
    Here \alpha for CH3COOH will be decreased by CH3COONa

Applications of Common ion effect

  • The solubility of a partially soluble salt decreases due to the common ion effect. For example, the presence of AgNOor KCl decreases the solubility of AgCl in water.
  • Salting out of soap by addition of NaCl.
  • Purification of NaCl by passing HCl gas.

Isohydric Solution: These are the solutions having the same concentration of common ions.

pH of weak acid + strong acid

The pH of a mixture of a weak acid and a strong acid can be understood using the following example.

Weak acid: H2S (0.1M)
Strong acid: HCl (0.3M)
The Ka value for this mixture = 1.2 x 10-20

The chemical equation for H2S is given as follows:

           \mathrm{H_{2}S\: \rightleftharpoons \: 2H^{+}\: +\: S^{2-}}
Initial:     c              0              0
Equil:     c - c?        c?            c?

Thus, the equilibrium constant Ka is given as follows:

\\\mathrm{K_{a}\: =\: \frac{[c\alpha ]^{2}.c\alpha }{c(1-\alpha )}\: =\: \frac{[H^{+}]^{2}.c\alpha }{c(1-\alpha )}}\\\\\mathrm{1.2\, \,x\, 10^{-20}\: = \frac{[c\alpha \: +\: 0.3].c\alpha }{c(1-\alpha )}\: =\:(0.3)^{2}\: =\: 0.09\alpha}\\\\\mathrm{\mathbf{Thus},\: \alpha \: =\: \frac{1.2\: x\: 10^{-20}}{0.09}\: =\: 13.3\: x\: 10^{-20}}

Again, the chemical equation for HCl is given as follows:
         \mathrm{HCl\: \rightarrow \: H^{+}\: +\: Cl^{-}}
Initial: 0.3            0            0
Equil:   0            0.3         0.3

Thus, total [H+] for the mixture = c? + 0.3
                                       [H+] = 3 x 10-1          (? is very small for weak acids)

Now, the pH for the mixture is given as follows:
\\\mathrm{pH\: =\: -log[H^{+}]\: =\: -log[3\: x\: 10^{-1}]\: =\: -log\, 3\: +\: 1\: =\: -0.47\: +\: 1}\\\\\mathrm{pH\: =\: 0.53}

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Common ion effect
pH of weak acid + strong acid

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Books

Reference Books

Common ion effect

Chemistry Part I Textbook for Class XI

Page No. : 224

Line : 30

pH of weak acid + strong acid

Chemistry Part I Textbook for Class XI

Page No. : 217

Line : 42

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