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Capacitor And Capacitance - Practice Questions & MCQ

Edited By admin | Updated on Sep 18, 2023 18:34 AM | #JEE Main

Quick Facts

  • Capacitor is considered one of the most asked concept.

  • 48 Questions around this concept.

Solve by difficulty

A light bulb, a capacitor, and a battery are connected together as shown here, with switch S initially open. When the switch  S is closed, which one of the following is true

A 400 \mu C capacitor is charged at a steady rate of 100\mu C/sec. The potential difference across the capacitor will be 10 V after an interval of 

In a capacitance circuit:

A conductor gets charge of 50μC when it is connected to a battery of emf 10V. The value of capacity of the conductor will be:

The capacity of the conductor does not depends upon:

Calculate the amount of charge on the capacitor of 4μ F. The internal resistance of the battery is 1Ω:

The SI unit of capacitance is:

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A capacitor stores 0.24 C at 10V . Its capacitance is

Find the charge on each of the capacitors 0.20 ms after the switch S is closed in the figure.

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In the circuit shown in the figure, initially, key K1 is closed and K2 is open. Then K1 is opened and K2 is closed. Then    

a) charge on C1 gets redistributed i.e, V1=V2
b) charge on C1 gets redistributed i.e, (Q1+Q2)=Q
c) charge on C1 gets redistributed such that Q1=Q2
d) charge on C1 gets redistributed such that C1V1+C2V2=C1E

Concepts Covered - 1

Capacitor

A capacitor is a passive two-terminal electrical component used to store energy electrostatically in an electric field. The forms of practical capacitors vary widely, but all contain at least two electrical conductors (plates) separated by a dielectric  (i.e., insulator). The conductors can be thin films of metal, aluminum foil or disks, etc. The 'nonconducting' dielectric acts to increase the capacitor's charge capacity. A dielectric can be glass, ceramic, plastic film, air, paper, mica, etc. Capacitors are widely used as parts of electrical circuits in many common electrical devices. Unlike a resistor, a capacitor does not dissipate energy. Instead, a capacitor stores energy in the form of an electrostatic field between its plates.

Capacitance: Capacitance is the ability of a capacitor to hold an electrical charge. Capacitors are components in an electrical circuit that can store a charge and are considered one of the three fundamental electronic components along with inductors and resistors.

For an isolated capacitor, capacitance is defined as the ratio of the charge to the potential of a capacitor.

C=QV


As Q increases V also increases because potential depends on the charge.

QVQ=CV


Therefore Capacitance is a constant quantity.
Unit of Capacitance-

 S.Iunit CV=farad(f)


Smaller S.I unit is mf,μf,nf and Pf
C.G.S - Stat farad and 1F=9×1011 statfarad

Dimension =M1L2T4A2
- If V=1 V,C=Q. Hence, we define the capacitance of an conductor as the charge required to rise the potential of the conductor by 1 V . In the SI system, the unit of capacitance is farad.

CAPACITANCE OF A SPHERICAL CONDUCTOR OR CAPACITOR:
A single conductor can also act as a capacitor. For this, let a charge q be given to a spherical conductor of radius R , then potential on it is

V=14πε0qR


The other conductor is supposed to be at infinity, whose potential will be taken as zero. So the potential difference between the sphere and the conductor at infinity becomes V0=V.

C=qV=4πε0R


Thus, the capacitance of a spherical conductor is C=4πε0R, so we can C depends on the medium and dimension of conductor.

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Capacitor

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