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Molecular geometry - Practice Questions & MCQ
Edited By admin | Updated on Sep 18, 2023 18:35 AM | #JEE Main
Quick Facts
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Shapes of Molecules is considered one the most difficult concept.
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59 Questions around this concept.
Solve by difficulty
In which of the following molecules/ions are all the bonds not equal?
In which of the following pairs the two species are not isostructural ?
Amongst the following, the linear species is :
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Match List I with List II
| LIST I (molecules / ions) | LIST II (No.of lone pairs of |
||
| A. | I. | Three | |
| B. | II. | One | |
| C. | III. | Two | |
| D. | IV. | Zero |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
The molecule / ion with square pyramidal shape is
Amongst the following compounds, the optically active alkane having lowest molecular mass is
For $\mathrm{OF}_2$ molecule consider the following :
A. Number of lone pairs on oxygen is 2 .
B. FOF angle is less than $104.5^0$.
C. Oxidation state of O is -2 .
D. Molecule is bent ${ }^{\prime} \mathrm{V}^{\prime}$ shaped.
E. Molecular geometry is linear. correct options are:
Which of the following species have the same shape?(i) $\mathrm{CO}_2$
(ii) $\mathrm{CCl}_4$
(iii) $\mathrm{O}_3$
(iv) $\mathrm{NO}_2{ }^{-}$
Which of the following pairs have identical shapes?
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\mathrm{PCl}_5
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Concepts Covered - 1
Shapes of Molecules
The ideal shapes of molecules, which are predicted on the basis of electron pairs and lone pairs of electrons are mentioned in the table below:
Predicting the geometry of molecules
The following procedure uses VSEPR theory to determine the geometry of the molecules:
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Write the Lewis structure of the molecule or polyatomic ion.
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Count the number of regions of electron density (lone pairs and bonds) around the central atom. A single, double, or triple bond counts as one region of electron density.
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Identify the electron-pair geometry based on the number of regions of electron density: linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal, or octahedral
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Use the number of lone pairs to determine the molecular structure. If more than one arrangement of lone pairs and chemical bonds is possible, choose the one that will minimize repulsions, remembering that lone pairs occupy more space than multiple bonds, which occupy more space than single bonds. In trigonal bipyramidal arrangements, repulsion is minimized when every lone pair is in an equatorial position. In an octahedral arrangement with two lone pairs, repulsion is minimized when the lone pairs are on opposite sides of the central atom.
For example, BCl3 has three electron pairs and no lone pairs of electrons. Thus these three electron pairs will arrange themselves in a trigonal planar geometry as shown below. The bond angle between each B-Cl bond is 120oC.
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