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Water: Structure of Water and Ice, Heavy Water is considered one the most difficult concept.
14 Questions around this concept.
Which one of the following statements about water is FALSE?
Structure of Water
Oxygen atom in water molecule is sp3 hybridized, four hybrid orbitals directed towards the corners of a tetrahedral are formed. Two of the hybrid orbitals having one electron each overlap with two hydrogen atoms and form two sigma bonds. Thus, the molecule has a bent structure with a bond angle of 104.5o. The bond angle is less than the expected angle in tetrahedron due to the presence of two lone pairs of electrons on two uncombined hybrid orbitals which repel each other and the bonded pairs cause them to come closer and thereby reducing the bond angle from 109o28' to 104.5o.
Because of high electronegativity of oxygen, the O-H bonds are polar, i.e, oxygen is partially negatively charged and each hydrogen is partially positively charged The molecule is polar and possesses dipole moment. Molecules are linked with each other by hydrogen bonding.
Structure of Ice
Ice has a highly ordered three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded structure as shown in the figure given below. Examination of ice crystals with X-rays shows that each oxygen atom is surrounded tetrahedrally by four other oxygen atoms at a distance of 276 pm. Hydrogen bonding gives ice a rather open type structure with wide holes. These holes can hold some other molecules of appropriate size interstitially.
HEAVY WATER, D2O
It is extensively used as a moderator in nuclear reactors and in exchange reactions for the study of reaction mechanisms. It can be prepared by exhaustive electrolysis of water or as a by-product in some fertilizer industries. It is used for the preparation of other deuterium compounds, for example
These are the various chemical properties of water:
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