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Hydrohalogenation and Halogenation of Alkynes is considered one of the most asked concept.
17 Questions around this concept.
Which of these will not react with acetylene?
Hydrohalogenation
Addition of one molecule of halogen gives vinyl halide which then adds another molecule of hydrogen halide to form gem-dihalide. This addition follows Markownikoff's rule. The reaction occurs as follows:
For example:
Halogenation
Alkenes combine with gaseous chlorine or bromine in the dark to form di or tetrahalides. Here the addition is Anti Markownikoff's. The reaction occurs as follows:
For example:
Hydration
Alkynes cannot be hydrated more easily than alkenes because of their low reactivity towards electrophilic addition reactions. The reaction occurs as follows:
Mechanism
For example:
Hydroboration-Oxidation reaction
Alkynes react with BH3 (in THF) and finally converted into carbonyl compounds. This method is useful for preparing aldehyde from terminal alkyne, which is otherwise not possible by hydration. The reaction occurs as follows:
For example:
Reaction with carbonyls
This reaction is very useful for the preparation of alcohols. In this reaction, a salt like NaNH2 is used which produces a carbanion as follows:
Now this carbanion reacts with the carbonyl group. Here, the carbanion binds with the carbonyl carbon and carbon-oxygen bond shifts to the oxygen giving it a negative charge. Now we use H3O+ to bind with O- and thus forms the OH or alcohol.
The complete mechanism is given below:
Addition of Hypochlorous acid
Alkynes when passed into hypochlorous acid solution forms dichloroacetaldehyde. The reaction occurs as follows:
For example:
Polymerisation
Alkynes polymerize to give the following compounds. The reactions occur as follows:
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