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GATE Exam 2025 - Registration (Started), Dates, Syllabus, Eligibility Criteria, Pattern, Preparation Tips
Updated on 13th Sep, 2024 by Deepak Yadav
Application Date 28 Aug, 2024 - 26 Sep, 2024
Latest Update for GATE
- 04 Sep 2024:
- 04 Sep 2024:
- 28 Aug 2024:
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About GATE 2025
GATE Exam 2025: Indian Institute Of Technology Roorkee has commenced the GATE 2025 registration process on August 28, 2024. The GATE 2025 application form link is activated on the official website, gate2025.iitr.ac.in. Candidates who are currently in the 3rd or higher years of any undergraduate degree program or who have completed a government-approved degree in Engineering/ Technology/ Architecture/ Science/ Commerce/ Arts/ Humanities are eligible to apply. The last date to submit the GATE 2025 application form without a late fee is September 26, 2024. The GATE GOAPS portal is now open, and IIT Roorkee has also released an updated list of GATE exam cities online. Candidates should ensure they meet all GATE 2025 eligibility criteria.
Latest: GATE 2025 application form
Aspirants can check the GATE exam 2025 dates on the official websites. The authority will conduct the GATE 2025 exam on February 1, 2, 15 and 16, 2025. To plan the preparation for the entrance test candidates must check the GATE exam syllabus and paper patterns. Practising the last 15 years GATE question papers will help the candidates to get familiar with the paper's difficulty level, high-weightage topics, most-asked topics and more. The authority will activate the GATE mock test 2025 link to get familiar with the computer based test platform. All aspirants must attempt the GATE mock test to know all the navigation, how to use the virtual calculator and also improve their time management skills. The authority will announce the GATE 2025 exam date branch wise on the official website.
GATE 2025 Latest News and Updates
- GATE 2025 registration process has been started on August 28, 2024.
- GATE 2025 exam cities updated list available online.
- GATE exam 2025 registration date revised.
- IIT Roorkee has published the GATE 2025 information brochure.
- GATE 2025 result date announced.
- GATE 2025 application form dates announced.
- GATE exam 2025 syllabus has been released.
- GATE 2025 exam date announced.
- IIT Roorkee has released the GATE eligibility, syllabus and exam pattern online.
- IIT Roorkee has activated the GATE 2025 official website at gate2025.iitr.ac.in. Aspirants are advised to check this page regularly for the GATE latest news and updates 2025.
What is GATE Exam?
GATE is conducted jointly by the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) and seven Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) every year on a rotational basis. The full form of GATE is the Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering. GATE is an online exam that tests the comprehensive understanding of undergraduate engineering and science courses. It is a gateway for admission to postgraduate programs like M.E./M.Tech/Ph.D. at IITs, IISc, and various other universities and colleges across India. It is essential to have a clear understanding of the GATE exam pattern 2024, syllabus, and marking scheme to perform well in the exam. By scoring well in the exam, candidates can enhance their chances of admission to postgraduate programs at premier institutes secure jobs at various PSUs and admission to M.Tech courses. The GATE entrance exam is also used by various public sector undertakings (PSUs) to recruit engineering professionals.
Related links:
GATE 2025 Organizing Institute
Every year the organising institute for the GATE entrance exam is chosen among the IITs and IISc Bangalore. Below is a list of the organizing institutes of GATE for various years.
GATE Organizing Institutes: Over the years
Year | Organizing Institutes |
| 2025 | IIT Roorkee |
2024 | IISc Bangalore |
2023 | IIT Khanpur |
2022 | IIT, Kharagpur |
2021 | IIT, Bombay |
2020 | IIT, Delhi |
2019 | IIT, Madras |
2018 | IIT, Guwahati |
2017 | IIT, Roorkee |
2016 | IISc, Bangalore |
2015 | IIT, Kanpur |
2014 | IIT, Kharagpur |
2013 | IIT, Bombay |
2012 | IIT, Delhi |
2011 | IIT, Madras |
2010 | IIT, Guwahati |
Previous Year’s GATE exam statistics
The GATE exam is highly competitive, and here are the previous year's GATE exam statistics, including the number of candidates who registered, and appeared, and the overall qualifying percentage.
GATE 2024 Statistics: How many students appeared for GATE 2024?
Particular | Details |
Total number of students who applied for GATE 2024 | 8.26 Lakh |
Total number of students who appeared for GATE 2024 | 6.5 Lakh |
Top Entrance Exams to Study Abroad
GATE 2025 Highlights
| Full Exam Name | Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering |
| Short Exam Name | GATE |
| Conducting Body | Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee |
| Frequency of Conduct | Once a year |
| Exam Level | National Level Exam |
| Languages | English |
| Mode of Application | Online |
| Application Fee (General) | 1400 Rs [Online] |
| Mode of Exam | Online |
| Mode of Counselling | Online |
| Participating Colleges | 863 |
| Exam Duration | 3 Hours |
Download all details about GATE 2025
GATE 2025 Important Dates
GATE (Session 2025)
Upcoming Dates and Events
28 Aug, 2024 - 26 Sep, 2024
Application | Mode: Online Ongoing
27 Sep, 2024 - 07 Oct, 2024
Late Fee Application | Mode: Online
08 Oct, 2024 - 06 Nov, 2024
Application Correction | Mode: Online
02 Jan, 2025
Admit Card | Mode: Online
01 Feb, 2025 - 02 Feb, 2025
Exam | Mode: Online
15 Feb, 2025 - 16 Feb, 2025
Exam | Mode: Online
19 Mar, 2025
Result | Mode: Online
28 Mar, 2025 - 31 May, 2025
Score Card | Mode: Online
01 Jun, 2025 - 31 Dec, 2025
Score Card - Availability of Score Cards for download by paying a fee of Rs. 500 per test paper | Mode: Online
GATE (Session 2024)
Upcoming Dates and Events
01 Jun, 2024 - 31 Dec, 2024
(Target 2024) - Score Card - Score cards available for download by paying a fee of Rs. 500 per test paper | Mode: Online Ongoing
Candidates who are currently studying in the 3rd or higher years of any undergraduate degree program or who have completed any government-approved degree program in Engineering/ Technology/ Architecture/ Science/ Commerce/ Arts/ Humanities are eligible to appear for GATE 2025.
It's important to note that candidates with qualifications obtained outside of India will also need to meet specific eligibility criteria to be able to appear for the GATE 2025 exam. Such candidates must be currently in the 3rd or higher years or must have completed their Bachelor’s degree (of at least three years duration) in Engineering/ Technology/ Architecture/ Science/ Commerce/ Arts/ Humanities. Candidates are advised to carefully read through the GATE exam eligibility criteria before applying for the GATE 2025 entrance exam.
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Nationality: Nationality is one of the important parameters that are considered in the GATE eligibility criteria 2025. As per the guidelines, Indian as well as foreign candidates can apply for the GATE exam. Candidates from Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Singapore, Ethiopia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) are also eligible candidates to apply for the exam.
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Age limit: Candidates have no age limit criteria to submit this exam.
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Academic Qualifications: Academic qualifications are an essential aspect of the GATE 2025 eligibility criteria. The academic requirements vary based on the program applied for. Aspirants should have a bachelor’s degree in Engineering/ Technology/ Architecture or a master’s degree in any branch of Science/Mathematics/Statistics/Computer Applications or equivalent. Candidates pursuing the qualifying degree and those who have already completed the degree can apply for the GATE 2025. Additionally, non-science graduates from arts and commerce fields are also eligible to apply for GATE 2025 with the addition of humanities and social science streams.
GATE Eligibility 2025- Education Qualification
|
Degree / Program |
Qualifying Degree / Examination |
Description of Eligible Candidates |
|
B.E. / B.Tech. / B. Pharm. |
Bachelor’s degree in Engineering / Technology (4 years after 10+2 or 3 years after B.Sc. / Diploma in Engineering / Technology) |
Currently in the 3rd year or higher or already completed |
|
B. Arch. |
Bachelor’s degree of Architecture (5-year course) / Naval Architecture (4-year course) / Planning (4-year course) |
Currently in the 3rd year or higher or already completed |
|
B.Sc. (Research) / B.S. |
Bachelor’s degree in Science (Post-Diploma / 4 years after 10+2) |
Currently in the 3rd year or higher or already completed |
|
Pharm. D.(after 10+2) |
6 years degree program, consisting of internship or residency training, during third year onwards |
Currently in the 3rd/ 4th/ 5th/ 6th year or already completed |
|
M.B.B.S. / B.D.S. / B.V.Sc. |
Degree holders of M.B.B.S. / B.D.S. / B.V.Sc and those who are in the 5th/ 6th/ 7th semester or higher semester of such programme. |
5th/ 6th/ 7th or higher semester or already completed |
|
M. Sc. / M.A. / MCA or equivalent |
Master’s degree in any branch of Arts / Science / Mathematics / Statistics / Computer Applications or equivalent |
Currently in the first year or higher or already Completed |
|
Int. M.E. / M.Tech.(Post-B.Sc.) |
Post-B.Sc Integrated Master’s degree programs in Engineering / Technology (4-year program) |
Currently in the 1st/ 2nd/ 3rd/ 4th year or already completed |
|
Int. M.E. / M.Tech. / M.Pharm or Dual Degree (after Diploma or 10+2) |
Integrated Master’s degree program or Dual Degree program in Engineering / Technology (5-year program) |
Currently in the 3rd/ 4th/ 5th year or already completed |
|
B.Sc. / B.A. / B.Com. |
Bachelor degree in any branch of Science / Arts / Commerce (3 year program) |
Currently in the 3rd year or already completed |
|
Int. M.Sc. / Int. B.S. / M.S. |
Integrated M.Sc. or 5-year integrated B.S.- M.S. program |
Currently in the 3rd year or higher or already completed |
|
Professional Society Examinations* (equivalent to B.E. / B.Tech. / B.Arch.) |
B.E. / B.Tech. / B.Arch. equivalent examinations of Professional Societies, recognized by MoE / UPSC / AICTE (e.g. AMIE by Institution of Engineers-India, AMICE by the Institute of Civil Engineers-India and so on) |
Completed Section A or equivalent of such professional courses |
|
B.Sc. (Agriculture, Horticulture, Forestry) |
4-years program |
Currently in the 3rd/ 4th year or already completed |
Mode of Application : Online
Mode of Payment : Net Banking | Credit Card | Debit Card
GATE exam registration has commenced on August 28. The authority has updated the GATE 2025 application form link on the website, gate2025.iitr.ac.in. Candidates who meet the eligibility criteria can fill out the GATE application form 2025 without a late fee by September 26, 2024. The last date to submit the GATE application form with a late fee is October 7, 2024. The application process involves registration, filling out the application form, uploading documents, and payment of the application fee. Candidates who complete the GATE application process will be issued an admit card. Applicants must submit the application form for GATE 2025 before the last date.
How to fill GATE Application Form 2025?
IIT Roorkee will conduct the GATE 2025 registration process online. The following is a general overview of the application process.
- Online GATE 2025 Registration: Candidates must register for GATE by providing their email address and a valid mobile number. After registration, candidates will receive an enrollment ID and password to log in to the GATE online application system.
- Filling out the GATE 2025 application form: Candidates must fill out the GATE 2025 application form online, providing personal details, educational qualifications, and other required information.
- Uploading documents: Candidates must upload scanned copies of their photograph, signature, and other relevant documents.
- Payment of GATE registration fee: Candidates can pay the GATE 2025 registration fee online through debit card, credit card, or net banking.
- Submission of the application form: After completing the application form, candidates must submit it online.
- Admit card: Candidates who have successfully submitted their application form can download their GATE 2025 admit card from the official website once it is released.
GATE 2025 Registration Fee
The authority has announced the GATE 2025 registration fee along with the official notification. Candidates can check the category-wise application fee below.
Category | Regular Period | During the Extended Period (September 27 to October 7) |
Male (General, OBC and Others) | Rs. 1,800 | Rs. 2,300 |
SC/ ST/ PwD | Rs. 900 | Rs. 1,400 |
Female candidates | Rs. 900 | Rs. 1,400 |
GATE Exam 2025- Combination of two subject papers
Code of the First Paper | Codes of the Second Paper | Code of the First Paper | Codes of the Second Paper |
AE | CE, ME, XE | GE | AR, CE, CS, ES, GG |
AG | CE | GG | GE |
AR | CE, GE | IN | BM, EC, EE, ME |
BM | BT, IN | MA | CS, DA, PH, ST |
BT | BM, XL | ME | AE, DA, IN, NM, PI, XE |
CE | AE, AG, AR, ES, GE, NM, XE | MT | XE |
CH | ES, PE, XE | NM | CE, ME |
CS | DA, EC, GE, MA, PH, ST | PE | CH |
CY | XE, XL | PH | CS, DA, EC, EE, MA, XE |
DA | CS, EC, EE, MA, ME, PH, ST, XE | PI | ME, XE |
EC | CS, DA, EE, IN, PH | ST | CS, DA, MA, XH |
EE | DA, EC, IN, PH | XE | AE, CE, CH, CY, DA, ME, MT, PH, PI |
ES | CE, CH, GE | XH | ST |
EY | XL | XL | BT, CY, EY |
GATE 2025 Application Form Correction Facility
The authority will conduct the GATE application form correction process in online mode. Candidates who wish to edit their GATE application form. The application form correction facility of GATE 2025 will be a chargeable process. The exam authority will also inform the applicants about the correction facility through email. Candidates should correct the GATE 2025 exam form if needed. In case of any incorrect details, the GATE 2025 application form will be rejected.
How to edit the GATE Application Form 2025?
The following steps are typically involved in editing the GATE application form during the correction window:
Visit the GATE official website 2025- gate2025.iitr.ac.in
Log in using your GATE 2025 Enrollment ID and password.
Navigate to the "Application Form" section and click on the "Edit Application Form" button.
Make the necessary changes to the form, such as personal details, exam paper, and exam city. Note that some changes may require additional fees to be paid.
Review the modified form carefully and ensure that all the changes are correct.
Submit the corrected form and take a printout of the revised form for future reference.
Charges for Changes/Modifications in GATE 2025 Application
| Description of Change/Modification | Fee Charges |
| Change in Name | ₹ 500 |
| Change in Date of Birth | ₹ 500 |
| Change in choice of examination cities | ₹ 500 |
| Change of existing paper | ₹ 500 |
Add a second paper (from given combinations with respect to the primary paper) | ₹ 500 |
| Change of gender to female | ₹ 500 |
Changes of gender from female to any other gender | ₹ 500 + ₹ 900 = ₹ 1400 |
| Change of category to SC/ST | ₹ 500 |
| Change of category from sc/ST to any other | ₹ 500 ₹ 500 + ₹ 900 = ₹ 1400 |
| Change from Non-PwD/Dyslexics to PwD/Dyslexics | |
| Change from Non-PwD/Dyslexics to Non-PwD/Dyslexic | ₹ 500 ₹ 500 + ₹ 900 = ₹ 1400 |
| Any other change in Category (not mentioned above) | ₹ 500 |
| Details of Parents/Guardian/Correspondence Address | ₹ 500 |
| College Name and Location, Roll No. Registration No. | ₹ 500 |
Application Fees
| Category | Quota | Mode | Gender | Amount |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ST, General, SC, EWS, OBC | Online | Female | ₹ 900 | |
| SC, ST | PWD | Online | Male, Transgender | ₹ 900 |
| OBC, General | Online | Male, Transgender | ₹ 1400 |
GATE question papers consist of both theoretical as well as numerical questions. Candidates can check the previous year's GATE exam papers for better preparation. Solving the question paper of GATE helps in understanding the exam syllabus and paper pattern.
GATE 2024 Question Papers
|
Paper Name |
GATE Question Paper |
|
AE: Aerospace Engineering |
GATE 2024 AE Question Paper and Answer Key |
|
AG: Agricultural Engineering |
|
|
AR: Architecture and Planning |
|
|
BM: Biomedical Engineering |
|
|
BT: Biotechnology |
GATE 2024 BT Question Paper and Answer Key |
|
CE: Civil Engineering |
|
|
CH: Chemical Engineering |
|
|
CS: Computer Science and Information Technology |
|
|
CY: Chemistry |
GATE 2024 CY Question Paper and Answer Key
|
| DA: Data Science and Artificial Intelligence |
GATE 2024 DA Question Paper and Answer Key
|
|
EC: Electronics and Communication Engineering |
|
|
EE: Electrical Engineering |
|
|
ES: Environmental Science and Engineering |
|
|
EY: Ecology and Evolution |
GATE 2024 EY Question Paper and Answer Key
|
|
GE: Geomatics Engineering
|
GATE 2024 GE Question Paper and Answer Key
|
|
GG: Geology and Geophysics |
|
|
IN: Instrumentation Engineering |
|
|
MA: Mathematics |
GATE 2024 MA Question Paper and Answer Key
|
|
ME: Mechanical Engineering |
|
|
MN: Mining Engineering |
|
|
MT: Metallurgical Engineering |
GATE 2024 MT Question Paper and Answer Key
|
|
NM: Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering
|
GATE 2024 NM Question Paper and Answer Key
|
|
PE: Petroleum Engineering |
|
|
PH: Physics |
GATE 2024 PH Question Paper and Answer Key
|
|
PI: Production and Industrial Engineering |
|
|
ST: Statistics |
GATE 2024 ST Question Paper and Answer Key
|
|
TF: Textile Engineering and Fibre Science |
|
|
XE: Engineering Sciences |
GATE 2024 XE Question Paper and Answer Key
|
|
XH: Humanities & Social Sciences |
|
|
XL: Life Sciences |
GATE 2024 XL Question Paper and Answer Key |
GATE Aerospace Engineering Syllabus
General aptitude
General aptitude: Unit 01
Verbal aptitude |
|---|
| Basic English grammar: Tenses, articles, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, verb-noun agreement, and other parts of speech |
| Basic vocabulary: Words, idioms, and phrases in context |
| Reading and comprehension |
| Narrative sequencing |
Quantitative aptitude |
|---|
| Data interpretation: Data graphs (bar graphs, pie charts, and other graphs representing data), 2- and 3-dimensional plots, maps, and tables |
| Numerical computation and estimation: Ratios, percentages, powers, exponents and logarithms, permutations and combinations, and series |
| Mensuration and geometry |
| Elementary statistics and probability |
Analytical aptitude |
|---|
| Logic: Deduction and induction |
| Analogy |
| Numerical relations and reasoning |
Spatial aptitude |
|---|
| Transformation of shapes: Translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring, assembling, and grouping, paper folding, cutting, and patterns in 2 and 3 dimensions |
Engineering mathematics
Engineering mathematics: Unit 01
Linear algebra |
|---|
| Vector algebra, matrix algebra, systems of linear equations, rank of a matrix, eigen values and eigen vectors |
Calculus |
|---|
| Functions of single variable, limits, continuity and differentiability, mean value theorem, chain rule, partial derivatives, maxima and minima, gradient, divergence and curl, directional derivatives |
| Integration, line, surface, and volume integrals |
| Theorems of Stokes, Gauss, and Green |
Differential equations |
|---|
| First order linear and nonlinear differential equations, higher order linear ODEs with constant coefficients |
| Partial differential equations and separation of variables methods |
Fourier series |
|---|
Laplace transforms |
|---|
Numerical methods for linear and nonlinear algebraic equations |
|---|
Numerical integration and differentiation |
|---|
Complex analysis |
|---|
Probability and Statistics |
|---|
Flight mechanics
Flight mechanics: Unit 01
Basics |
|---|
| Atmosphere: Properties, standard atmosphere. Classification of aircraft. Airplane (fixed wing aircraft) configuration and various parts |
| Pressure altitude; equivalent, calibrated, indicated air speeds; primary flight instruments: Altimeter, ASI, VSI, turn-bank indicator |
| Angle of attack, sideslip; roll, pitch and yaw controls |
| Aerodynamic forces and moments |
Airplane performance |
|---|
| Drag polar; takeoff and landing; steady climb and descent; absolute and service ceiling; range and endurance, load factor, turning flight, V-N diagram |
| Winds: Head, tail, and cross winds |
Static stability |
|---|
| Stability and control derivatives; longitudinal stick fixed and free stability; horizontal tail position and size; directional stability, vertical tail position, and size; lateral stability |
| Wing dihedral, sweep, and position; hinge moments, stick forces |
Dynamic stability |
|---|
| Euler angles; equations of motion; decoupling of longitudinal and lateral-directional dynamics; longitudinal modes; lateral-directional modes |
Space dynamics
Space dynamics: Unit 01
Central force motion |
|---|
Determination of trajectory and orbital period in simple cases |
|---|
Kepler's laws |
|---|
Escape velocity |
|---|
Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics: Unit 01
Basic fluid mechanics |
|---|
| Conservation laws: Mass, momentum, and energy (integral and differential form); dimensional analysis and dynamic similarity; potential flow theory: Sources, sinks, doublets, line vortex, and their superposition |
| Elementary ideas of viscous flows including boundary layers |
Airfoils and wings |
|---|
| Airfoil nomenclature; aerodynamic coefficients: lift, drag, and moment; Kutta-Joukowski theorem; thin airfoil theory, Kutta condition, starting vortex; finite wing theory: Induced drag, Prandtl lifting line theory; critical and drag divergence mach number |
Compressible flows |
|---|
| Basic concepts of compressibility, one-dimensional compressible flows, isentropic flows, fanno flow, Rayleigh flow; normal and oblique shocks, Prandtl-Meyer flow; flow through nozzles and diffusers |
Wind tunnel testing |
|---|
| Measurement and visualization techniques |
| Shock-boundary layer interaction |
Structures
Structures: Unit 01
Strength of materials |
|---|
| Stress and strain: Three-dimensional transformations, Mohr's circle, principal stresses, three-dimensional Hooke's law, plane stress and strain |
| Failure theories: Maximum stress, Tresca and Von Mises |
| Strain energy |
| Castigliano's principles |
| Statically determinate and indeterminate trusses, and beams |
| Elastic flexural buckling of columns |
Flight vehicle structures |
|---|
| Characteristics of aircraft structures and materials |
| Torsion, bending, and shear of thin-walled sections |
| Loads on aircraft |
Structural dynamics |
|---|
| Free and forced vibrations of undamped and damped SDOF systems |
| Free vibrations of undamped 2-DOF systems |
Vibration of beams |
|---|
Theory of elasticity |
|---|
| Equilibrium and compatibility equations, Airy's stress function |
Propulsion
Propulsion: Unit 01
Basics |
|---|
| Thermodynamics, boundary layers, heat transfer, combustion and thermochemistry |
Aerothermodynamics of aircraft engines |
|---|
| Thrust, efficiency, range |
| Brayton cycle |
| Engine performance: Ramjet, turbojet, turbofan, turboprop, and turboshaft engines |
| Afterburners |
Turbo machinery |
|---|
| Axial compressors: Angular momentum, work, and compression, characteristic performance of a single axial compressor stage, efficiency of the compressor and degree of reaction, multi-staging |
| Centrifugal compressor: Stage dynamics, inducer, impeller, and diffuser |
| Axial turbines: Stage performance |
Rockets |
|---|
| Thrust equation and specific impulse, rocket performance |
| Multi-staging |
| Chemical rockets |
| Performance of solid and liquid propellant rockets |
Aerothermodynamics of non-rotating propulsion components such as intakes, combustor, and nozzle |
|---|
Turbine blade cooling |
|---|
Compressor-turbine matching |
|---|
Surge and stall |
|---|
GATE Agricultural Engineering Syllabus
General aptitude
General aptitude: Unit 01
Verbal aptitude |
|---|
| Basic English grammar: Tenses, articles, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, verb-noun agreement, and other parts of speech |
| Basic vocabulary: Words, idioms, and phrases in context |
| Reading and comprehension |
| Narrative sequencing |
Quantitative aptitude |
|---|
| Data interpretation: Data graphs (bar graphs, pie charts, and other graphs representing data), 2- and 3-dimensional plots, maps, and tables |
| Numerical computation and estimation: Ratios, percentages, powers, exponents and logarithms, permutations and combinations, and series |
| Mensuration and geometry |
| Elementary statistics and probability |
Analytical aptitude |
|---|
| Logic: Deduction and induction |
| Analogy |
| Numerical relations and reasoning |
Spatial aptitude |
|---|
| Transformation of shapes: Translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring, assembling, and grouping, paper folding, cutting, and patterns in 2 and 3 dimensions |
Engineering mathematics
Engineering mathematics: Unit 01
Linear algebra |
|---|
| Matrices and determinants, linear and orthogonal transformations, Cayley-Hamilton theorem; eigen values and eigen vectors, solutions of linear equations |
Calculus |
|---|
| Limit, continuity, and differentiability; partial derivatives; homogeneous function-Euler's theorem on homogeneous functions, total differentiation; maxima and minima of function with several independent variables; sequences and series-infinite series |
| Tests for convergence; Fourier, Taylor, and Maclaurin series |
Vector calculus |
|---|
| Vector differentiation, scalar and vector point functions, vector differential operators-del, gradient; divergence and curl; physical interpretations-line, surface and volume integrals; Stokes, Gauss, and Green's theorems |
Differential equations |
|---|
| Linear and non-linear first order ordinary differential equations (ODE); homogeneous differential equations, higher order linear ODEs with constant coefficients; Laplace transforms and their inverse; partial differential equations |
| Laplace, heat and wave equations |
Probability and Statistics |
|---|
| Mean, median, mode, and standard deviation; random variables; Poisson, normal and binomial distributions; correlation and regression analysis |
Numerical methods |
|---|
| Solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equations; numerical integration-trapezoidal and Simpson's rule; numerical solutions of ODEs |
Farm machinery
Farm machinery: Unit 01
Machine design |
|---|
| Design and selection of machine elements-gears, pulleys, chains and sprockets, and belts; overload safety devices used in farm machinery; measurement of force, stress, torque, speed, displacement and acceleration on machine elements-shafts, couplings |
| Keys, bearings, and knuckle joints |
Farm machinery |
|---|
| Soil tillage; forces acting on a tillage tool; hitch systems and hitching of tillage implements; functional requirements, principles of working, construction and operation of manual, animal, and power operated equipment for tillage, sowing, planting |
| Fertilizer application, inter-cultivation, spraying, mowing, chaff cutting, harvesting and threshing calculation of performance parameters-field capacity, efficiency |
| Application rate and losses; cost analysis of implements and tractors |
Farm power
Farm power: Unit 01
Sources of power |
|---|
| Sources of power on the farm-human, animal, mechanical, electrical, wind, solar and biomass; biofuels |
Farm power |
|---|
| Thermodynamic principles of IC engines; IC engine cycles; engine components; fuels and combustion; lubricants and their properties; IC engine systems-fuel, cooling, lubrication, ignition, electrical, intake and exhaust; selection, operation |
| Maintenance and repair of IC engines; power efficiencies and measurement; calculation of power, torque, fuel consumption, heat load and power losses; performance index, cost analysis of implements and tractors |
Tractors and power tillers |
|---|
| Type, selection, maintenance and repair of tractors, and power tillers; tractor clutches and brakes; power transmission systems-gear trains, differential, final drives and power take-off; mechanics of tractor chassis; traction theory; three point hitches |
| Free link and restrained link operations; steering and hydraulic control systems used in tractors; tractor tests and performance; human engineering and safety considerations in design of tractor, and agricultural implements |
Soil and water conservation engineering
Soil and water conservation engineering: Unit 01
Fluid mechanics |
|---|
| Ideal and real fluids, properties of fluids; hydrostatic pressure and its measurement; continuity equation, kinematics, and dynamics of flow; Bernoulli's theorem; laminar and turbulent flow in pipes, Darcy-Weisbach and Hazen-Williams equations |
| Moody's diagram; flow through orifices, weirs and notches; flow in open channels, dimensional analysis-concepts of geometric dimensionless numbers |
Soil mechanics |
|---|
| Engineering properties of soils; fundamental definitions and relationships; index properties of soils; permeability and seepage analysis; shear strength, Mohr's circle of stress, active and passive earth pressures; stability of slopes |
| Terzaghi's one dimensional soil consolidation theory |
Hydrology |
|---|
| Hydrological cycle and measurement of its components; meteorological parameters and their measurement; analysis of precipitation data; runoff estimation; hydrograph analysis, unit hydrograph theory and application; stream flow measurement; flood routing |
| Hydrological reservoir and channel routing, infiltration-indices and equations, drought and its classification |
Surveying and leveling |
|---|
| Measurement of distance and area; instruments for surveying and leveling; chain surveying, methods of traversing; measurement of angles and bearings, plane table surveying; types of leveling; theodolite traversing; contouring; total station |
| Introduction to GPS survey, computation of areas and volume |
Soil and water erosion |
|---|
| Mechanics of soil erosion-wind and water erosion: Soil erosion types, factors affecting erosion; soil loss estimation; biological and engineering measures to control erosion; terraces and bunds; vegetative waterways; gully control structures, drop |
| Drop inlet and chute spillways; earthen dams |
Watershed management |
|---|
| Watershed characterization and land use capability classification; water budgeting in watershed, rainwater harvesting, check dams and farm ponds |
Irrigation and drainage engineering
Irrigation and drainage engineering: Unit 01
Soil-water-plant relationship |
|---|
| Water requirement of crops; consumptive use and evapotranspiration; measurement of infiltration, soil moisture, and irrigation water infiltration |
Irrigation water conveyance and application methods |
|---|
| Design of irrigation channels and underground pipelines; irrigation scheduling; surface, sprinkler and micro irrigation methods, design and evaluation of irrigation methods; irrigation efficiencies |
Agricultural drainage |
|---|
| Drainage coefficient; planning, design and layout of surface and sub-surface drainage systems; leaching requirement and salinity control; irrigation and drainage water quality and reuse; non-conventional drainage system |
Groundwater hydrology |
|---|
| Groundwater occurrence; Darcy's law, steady and unsteady flow in confined and unconfined aquifers, groundwater exploration techniques; overview of groundwater recharge estimation and artificial recharge techniques |
Wells and pumps |
|---|
| Types of wells, steady flow through wells; design and construction of water wells; classification of pumps; pump characteristics; pump selection and installation |
Agricultural process engineering
Agricultural process engineering: Unit 01
Engineering properties of agriculture produce |
|---|
| Physical, thermal, frictional, rheological, and electrical properties |
Evaporation and drying |
|---|
| Concentration and drying of liquid foods-evaporators, tray, drum, and spray dryers; hydrothermal treatments; drying and milling of cereals, pulses and oilseeds; drying kinetics; psychrometry-properties of air-water vapor mixture |
Size reduction and material handling |
|---|
| Mechanics and energy requirement in size reduction of agriculture produce; particle size analysis for comminuted solids; size separation by screening; fluidization of granular solids-pneumatic, bucket, screw and belt conveying; cleaning and grading |
| Effectiveness of separation; centrifugal separation of solids, liquids and gases; homogenization; filtration and membrane separation |
Processing of agriculture produce |
|---|
| Processing of seeds, spices, fruits, and vegetables; value addition of agriculture produce |
Storage systems |
|---|
| Controlled and modified atmosphere storage; perishable food storage, godowns, bins and grain silos, packaging material and machines |
Dairy and food engineering
Dairy and food engineering: Unit 01
Heat and mass transfer |
|---|
| Steady state heat transfer in conduction, convection and radiation; transient heat transfer in simple geometry; working principles of heat exchangers; diffusive and convective mass transfer |
| Simultaneous heat and mass transfer in agricultural processing operations; material and energy balances in food processing systems; water activity, sorption and desorption isotherms |
Preservation of food |
|---|
| Kinetics of microbial death-pasteurization and sterilization of milk, and other liquid foods; preservation of food by cooling and freezing; refrigeration and cold storage basics, and applications |
GATE Architecture and Planning Syllabus
General aptitude
General aptitude: Unit 01
Verbal aptitude |
|---|
| Basic English grammar: Tenses, articles, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, verb-noun agreement, and other parts of speech |
| Basic vocabulary: Words, idioms, and phrases in context |
| Reading and comprehension |
| Narrative sequencing |
Quantitative aptitude |
|---|
| Data interpretation: Data graphs (bar graphs, pie charts, and other graphs representing data), 2- and 3-dimensional plots, maps, and tables |
| Numerical computation and estimation: Ratios, percentages, powers, exponents and logarithms, permutations and combinations, and series |
| Mensuration and geometry |
| Elementary statistics and probability |
Analytical aptitude |
|---|
| Logic: Deduction and induction |
| Analogy |
| Numerical relations and reasoning |
Spatial aptitude |
|---|
| Transformation of shapes: Translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring, assembling, and grouping, paper folding, cutting, and patterns in 2 and 3 dimensions |
Architecture, planning, and design
Architecture, planning, and design: Unit 01
Architectural graphics |
|---|
Visual composition in 2D and 3D |
|---|
Computer application in architecture and planning |
|---|
Anthropometrics |
|---|
Organization of space |
|---|
Circulation-horizontal and vertical |
|---|
Space standards |
|---|
Universal design |
|---|
Building byelaws |
|---|
Codes and standards |
|---|
Construction and management
Construction and management: Unit 01
Project management techniques example PERT, CPM, etc |
|---|
Estimation and specification |
|---|
Professional practice and ethics |
|---|
Form and structure |
|---|
Principles and design of disaster resistant structures |
|---|
Temporary structures for rehabilitation |
|---|
Environmental planning and design
Environmental planning and design: Unit 01
Natural and man-made ecosystem |
|---|
Ecological principles |
|---|
Environmental considerations in planning and design |
|---|
Environmental pollution-types, causes, controls, and abatement strategies |
|---|
Sustainable development, goals, and strategies |
|---|
Climate change and built environment |
|---|
Climate responsive design |
|---|
Urban design, landscape, and conservation
Urban design, landscape, and conservation: Unit 01
Historical and modern examples of urban design |
|---|
Elements of urban built environment-urban form, spaces, structure, pattern, fabric, texture, grain etc |
|---|
Concepts and theories of urban design |
|---|
Principles, tools, and techniques of urban design |
|---|
Public spaces, character, spatial qualities, and sense of place |
|---|
Urban design interventions for sustainable development and transportation |
|---|
Development controls-FAR, densities, and building byelaws |
|---|
Urban renewal and conservation |
|---|
Heritage conservation |
|---|
Historical public spaces and gardens |
|---|
Landscape design |
|---|
Site planning |
|---|
Planning process
Planning process: Unit 01
Salient concepts |
|---|
Theories and principles of urban planning |
|---|
Concepts of cities-eco-city, smart city |
|---|
Concepts and theories by trendsetting planners, and designers |
|---|
Ekistics |
|---|
Urban sociology |
|---|
Social, economic, and environmental cost benefit analysis |
|---|
Methods of non-spatial and spatial data analysis |
|---|
Development guidelines such as URDPFI |
|---|
Housing
Housing: Unit 01
Housing typologies |
|---|
Concepts, principles, and examples of neighbourhood |
|---|
Residential densities |
|---|
Affordable housing |
|---|
Real estate valuation |
|---|
Services and infrastructure
Services and infrastructure: Unit 01
Firefighting systems |
|---|
Building safety and security systems |
|---|
Building management systems |
|---|
Water treatment |
|---|
Water supply and distribution system |
|---|
Water harvesting systems |
|---|
Principles, planning, and design of storm water drainage system |
|---|
Sewage disposal methods |
|---|
Methods of solid waste management-collection, transportation, and disposal |
|---|
Recycling and reuse of solid waste |
|---|
Land use-transportation, urban form inter relationships |
|---|
Design of roads, intersections, grade separators, and parking areas |
|---|
Hierarchy of roads and level of service |
|---|
Para-transits and other modes of transportation |
|---|
Pedestrian and slow moving traffic planning |
|---|
History and contemporary architecture
History and contemporary architecture: Unit 01
Principles of art and architecture |
|---|
World history of architecture |
|---|
| Egyptian, Greco-Roman classical period, Byzantine, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque-Rococo, etc |
Recent trends in contemporary architecture |
|---|
| Art nouveau, art Deco, eclecticism, international styles, post modernism, deconstruction in architecture, etc |
Influence of modern art and design in architecture |
|---|
Indian vernacular and traditional architecture |
|---|
Oriental architecture |
|---|
Works of renowned national and international architects |
|---|
Building construction and structural systems
Building construction and structural systems: Unit 01
Building construction techniques, methods, and details |
|---|
Building systems and prefabrication of building elements |
|---|
Principles of modular coordination |
|---|
Construction planning and equipment |
|---|
Building material characteristics and applications |
|---|
Principles of strength of materials |
|---|
Alternative building materials |
|---|
Foundations |
|---|
Design of structural elements with different materials |
|---|
Elastic and limit state design |
|---|
Structural systems |
|---|
Principles of pre-stressing |
|---|
High rise and long span structures |
|---|
Gravity and lateral load resisting systems |
|---|
Building services and sustainability
Building services and sustainability: Unit 01
Solar architecture |
|---|
Thermal, visual, and acoustic comfort in built environments |
|---|
Natural and mechanical ventilation in buildings |
|---|
Air-conditioning systems |
|---|
Sustainable building strategies |
|---|
Building performance simulation and evaluation |
|---|
Intelligent buildings |
|---|
Water supply |
|---|
Sewerage and drainage systems |
|---|
Sanitary fittings and fixtures |
|---|
Plumbing systems |
|---|
Principles of internal and external drainage system |
|---|
Principles of electrification of buildings |
|---|
Elevators and escalators-standards and uses |
|---|
Regional and settlement planning
Regional and settlement planning: Unit 01
Regional delineation |
|---|
Settlement hierarchy |
|---|
Types and hierarchy of plans |
|---|
Various schemes and programs of central government |
|---|
Transit oriented development (TOD), SEZ, SRZ etc |
|---|
Public perception and user behaviour |
|---|
National housing policies, programs, and schemes |
|---|
Slums, squatters, and informal housing |
|---|
Standards for housing and community facilities |
|---|
Housing for special areas and needs |
|---|
Planning techniques and management
Planning techniques and management: Unit 01
Application of GIS and remote sensing techniques in urban, and regional planning |
|---|
Tools and techniques of surveys-physical, topographical, land use, and socio-economic surveys |
|---|
Urban economics |
|---|
Law of demand and supply of land and its use in planning |
|---|
Graphic presentation of spatial data |
|---|
Local self-governance |
|---|
Panchayati raj institutions |
|---|
Planning legislation and implementation-land acquisition act, PPP, etc |
|---|
Decision support system and land information system |
|---|
Urban geography and econometrics |
|---|
Management of infrastructure projects |
|---|
Demography and equity in planning |
|---|
Infrastructure planning
Infrastructure planning: Unit 01
Process and principles of transportation planning, and traffic engineering |
|---|
Road capacity and travel demand forecasting |
|---|
Traffic survey methods |
|---|
Traffic flow analysis |
|---|
Traffic analyses and design considerations |
|---|
Traffic and transport management, and control in urban areas |
|---|
Mass transportation planning |
|---|
Intelligent transportation systems |
|---|
Urban and rural infrastructure system network |
|---|
GATE Biotechnology Syllabus
General aptitude
General aptitude: Unit 01
Verbal aptitude |
|---|
| Basic English grammar: Tenses, articles, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, verb-noun agreement, and other parts of speech |
| Basic vocabulary: Words, idioms, and phrases in context |
| Reading and comprehension |
| Narrative sequencing |
Quantitative aptitude |
|---|
| Data interpretation: Data graphs (bar graphs, pie charts, and other graphs representing data), 2- and 3-dimensional plots, maps, and tables |
| Numerical computation and estimation: Ratios, percentages, powers, exponents and logarithms, permutations and combinations, and series |
| Mensuration and geometry |
| Elementary statistics and probability |
Analytical aptitude |
|---|
| Logic: Deduction and induction |
| Analogy |
| Numerical relations and reasoning |
Spatial aptitude |
|---|
| Transformation of shapes: Translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring, assembling, and grouping, paper folding, cutting, and patterns in 2 and 3 dimensions |
Engineering mathematics
Engineering mathematics: Unit 01
Linear algebra |
|---|
| Matrices and determinants; systems of linear equations; eigen values and eigen vectors |
Calculus |
|---|
| Limits, continuity, and differentiability; partial derivatives, maxima and minima; sequences and series; test for convergence |
Differential equations |
|---|
| Linear and nonlinear first order ODEs, higher order ODEs with constant coefficients; Cauchy's and Euler's equations; Laplace transforms |
Probability and Statistics |
|---|
| Mean, median, mode, and standard deviation; random variables; Poisson, normal, and binomial distributions; correlation and regression analysis |
Numerical methods |
|---|
| Solution of linear and nonlinear algebraic equations; integration by trapezoidal and Simpson's rule; single step method for differential equations |
General biology
General biology: Unit 01
Biochemistry |
|---|
| Biomolecules-structure and function; biological membranes-structure, membrane channels, and pumps, molecular motors, action potential and transport processes; basic concepts and regulation of metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids |
| Amino acids and nucleic acids; photosynthesis, respiration, and electron transport chain |
| Enzymes-classification, catalytic, and regulatory strategies; enzyme kinetics-Michaelis-Menten equation; enzyme inhibition-competitive, non-competitive, and uncompetitive inhibition |
Microbiology |
|---|
| Bacterial classification and diversity; microbial ecology-microbes in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems; microbial interactions; viruses-structure and classification; methods in microbiology; microbial growth and nutrition; nitrogen fixation |
| Microbial diseases and host-pathogen interactions; antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance |
Immunology |
|---|
| Innate and adaptive immunity, humoral and cell mediated immunity; antibody structure and function; molecular basis of antibody diversity; T cell and B cell development; antigen-antibody reaction; complement; primary and secondary lymphoid organs |
| Major histocompatibility complex (MHC); antigen processing and presentation; polyclonal and monoclonal antibody; regulation of immune response; immune tolerance; hyper sensitivity; autoimmunity; graft versus host reaction; immunization and vaccines |
Genetics, cellular, and molecular biology
Genetics, cellular, and molecular biology: Unit 01
Genetics and evolutionary biology |
|---|
| Mendelian inheritance; gene interaction; complementation; linkage, recombination, and chromosome mapping; extra chromosomal inheritance; microbial genetics-transformation, transduction, and conjugation; horizontal gene transfer and transposable elements |
| Chromosomal variation; genetic disorders; population genetics; epigenetics; selection and inheritance; adaptive and neutral evolution; genetic drift; species and speciation |
Cell biology |
|---|
| Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure; cell cycle and cell growth control; cell-cell communication; cell signaling and signal transduction; post-translational modifications; protein trafficking; cell death and autophagy; extra-cellular matrix |
Molecular biology |
|---|
| Molecular structure of genes and chromosomes; mutations and mutagenesis; regulation of gene expression; nucleic acid-replication, transcription, splicing, translation and their regulatory mechanisms; Non-coding and micro RNA; RNA interference |
| DNA damage and repair |
Fundamentals of biological engineering
Fundamentals of biological engineering: Unit 01
Engineering principles applied to biological systems |
|---|
| Material and energy balances for reactive and non-reactive systems; recycle, bypass and purge processes; stoichiometry of growth and product formation; degree of reduction, electron balance, theoretical oxygen demand |
Classical thermodynamics and bioenergetics |
|---|
| Laws of thermodynamics; solution thermodynamics; phase equilibrium, reaction equilibrium; ligand binding; membrane potential; energetics of metabolic pathways, oxidation, and reduction reactions |
Transport processes |
|---|
| Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, fluid flow-laminar and turbulent; mixing in bioreactors, mixing time; molecular diffusion and film theory; oxygen transfer and uptake in bioreactor, kLa and its measurement; conductive and convective heat transfer, LMTD |
| Overall heat transfer coefficient; heat exchangers |
Bioprocess engineering and process biotechnology
Bioprocess engineering and process biotechnology: Unit 01
Bioreaction engineering |
|---|
| Rate law, zero, and first order kinetics; ideal reactors-batch, mixed flow and plug flow; enzyme immobilization, diffusion effects-Thiele modulus, effectiveness factor, Damkohler number; kinetics of cell growth |
| Substrate utilization and product formation; structured and unstructured models; batch, fed-batch, and continuous processes; microbial and enzyme reactors; optimization and scale up |
Upstream and downstream processing |
|---|
| Media formulation and optimization; sterilization of air and media; filtration-membrane filtration, ultra filtration; centrifugation-high speed and ultra; cell disruption; principles of chromatography-ion exchange, gel filtration, hydrophobic interaction |
| Affinity, GC, HPLC, and FPLC; extraction, adsorption, and drying |
Instrumentation and process control |
|---|
| Pressure, temperature, and flow measurement devices; valves; first order and second order systems; feedback and feed forward control; types of controllers-proportional, derivative, and integral control, tuning of controllers |
Plant, animal, and microbial biotechnology
Plant, animal, and microbial biotechnology: Unit 01
Plants |
|---|
| Totipotency; regeneration of plants; plant growth regulators and elicitors; tissue culture and cell suspension culture system-methodology, kinetics of growth and nutrient optimization; production of secondary metabolites; hairy root culture |
| Plant products of industrial importance; artificial seeds; somaclonal variation; protoplast, protoplast fusion-somatic hybrid and cybrid; transgenic plants-direct and indirect methods of gene transfer techniques; selection marker and reporter gene |
| Plastid transformation |
Animals |
|---|
| Culture media composition and growth conditions; animal cell and tissue preservation; anchorage and non-anchorage dependent cell culture; kinetics of cell growth; micro and macro-carrier culture; hybridoma technology; stem cell technology; animal cloning |
| Transgenic animals; knock-out and knock-in animals |
Microbes |
|---|
| Production of biomass and primary/ secondary metabolites-biofuels, bioplastics, industrial enzymes, antibiotics; large scale production and purification of recombinant proteins and metabolites; clinical-, food-, and industrial microbiology |
| Screening strategies for new products |
Recombinant DNA technology and other tools in biotechnology
Recombinant DNA technology and other tools in biotechnology: Unit 01
Recombinant DNA technology |
|---|
| Restriction and modification enzymes; vectors-plasmids, bacteriophage, and other viral vectors, cosmids, Ti plasmid, bacterial and yeast artificial chromosomes; expression vectors; cDNA and genomic DNA library; gene isolation and cloning |
| Strategies for production of recombinant proteins; transposons and gene targeting |
Molecular tools |
|---|
| Polymerase chain reaction; DNA/ RNA labelling and sequencing; southern and northern blotting; in-situ hybridization; DNA fingerprinting, RAPD, RFLP; site-directed mutagenesis; gene transfer technologies; CRISPR-cas; biosensing and biosensors |
Analytical tools |
|---|
| Principles of microscopy-light, electron, fluorescent, and confocal; principles of spectroscopy-UV, visible, CD, IR, fluorescence, FT-IR, MS, NMR; electrophoresis; micro-arrays; enzymatic assays; immunoassays-ELISA, RIA, immunohistochemistry |
| Immunoblotting; flow cytometry; whole genome and ChIP sequencing |
Computational tools |
|---|
| Bioinformatics resources and search tools; sequence and structure databases; sequence analysis-sequence file formats, scoring matrices, alignment, phylogeny; genomics, proteomics, metabolomics; gene prediction; functional annotation |
| Secondary structure and 3D structure prediction; knowledge discovery in biochemical databases; metagenomics; metabolic engineering and systems biology |
GATE Civil Engineering Syllabus
General aptitude
General aptitude: Unit 01
Verbal aptitude |
|---|
| Basic English grammar: Tenses, articles, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, verb-noun agreement, and other parts of speech |
| Basic vocabulary: Words, idioms, and phrases in context |
| Reading and comprehension |
| Narrative sequencing |
Quantitative aptitude |
|---|
| Data interpretation: Data graphs (bar graphs, pie charts, and other graphs representing data), 2- and 3-dimensional plots, maps, and tables |
| Numerical computation and estimation: Ratios, percentages, powers, exponents and logarithms, permutations and combinations, and series |
| Mensuration and geometry |
| Elementary statistics and probability |
Analytical aptitude |
|---|
| Logic: Deduction and induction |
| Analogy |
| Numerical relations and reasoning |
Spatial aptitude |
|---|
| Transformation of shapes: Translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring, assembling, and grouping, paper folding, cutting, and patterns in 2 and 3 dimensions |
Engineering mathematics
Engineering mathematics: Unit 01
Linear algebra |
|---|
| Matrix algebra; systems of linear equations; eigen values and eigen vectors |
Calculus |
|---|
| Functions of single variable; limit, continuity, and differentiability; mean value theorems, local maxima and minima; Taylor series; evaluation of definite and indefinite integrals, application of definite integral to obtain area and volume |
| Partial derivatives; total derivative; gradient, divergence and curl, vector identities; directional derivatives; line, surface and volume integrals |
Ordinary differential equation (ODE) |
|---|
| First order (linear and non-linear) equations; higher order linear equations with constant coefficients; Euler-Cauchy equations; initial and boundary value problems |
Partial differential equation (PDE) |
|---|
| Fourier series; separation of variables; solutions of one-dimensional diffusion equation; first and second order one-dimensional wave equation and two-dimensional Laplace equation |
Probability and Statistics |
|---|
| Sampling theorems; conditional probability; descriptive statistics-mean, median, mode and standard deviation; random variables-discrete and continuous, Poisson and normal distribution; linear regression |
Numerical methods |
|---|
| Error analysis |
| Numerical solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equations; Newton's and Lagrange polynomials; numerical differentiation; integration by trapezoidal and Simpson's rule; single and multi-step methods for first order differential equations |
Structural engineering
Structural engineering: Unit 01
Engineering mechanics |
|---|
| System of forces, free-body diagrams, equilibrium equations; internal forces in structures; frictions and its applications; centre of mass; free vibrations of undamped SDOF system |
Solid mechanics |
|---|
| Bending moment and shear force in statically determinate beams; simple stress and strain relationships; simple bending theory, flexural and shear stresses, shear centre; uniform torsion, transformation of stress; buckling of column |
| Combined and direct bending stresses |
Structural analysis |
|---|
| Statically determinate and indeterminate structures by force/ energy methods; method of superposition; analysis of trusses, arches, beams, cables and frames; displacement methods: Slope deflection and moment distribution methods; Influence lines |
| Stiffness and flexibility methods of structural analysis |
Construction materials and management |
|---|
| Construction materials: Structural steel-composition, material properties and behaviour; concrete-constituents, mix design, short-term and long-term properties |
| Construction management: Types of construction projects; project planning and network analysis-PERT and CPM; cost estimation |
Concrete structures |
|---|
| Working stress and limit state design concepts; design of beams, slabs, columns; bond and development length; prestressed concrete beams |
Steel structures |
|---|
| Working stress and Limit state design concepts; design of tension and compression members, beams and beam-columns, column bases; connections-simple and eccentric, beam-column connections, plate girders and trusses |
| Concept of plastic analysis-beams and frames |
Geotechnical engineering
Geotechnical engineering: Unit 01
Soil mechanics |
|---|
| Three-phase system and phase relationships, index properties; unified and Indian standard soil classification system; permeability-one dimensional flow, seepage through soils-two-dimensional flow, flow nets, uplift pressure, piping, capillarity |
| Seepage force; principle of effective stress and quicksand condition; compaction of soils; one-dimensional consolidation, time rate of consolidation; shear strength, Mohr's circle, effective and total shear strength parameters |
| Stress-strain characteristics of clays and sand; stress paths |
Foundation engineering |
|---|
| Sub-surface investigations-drilling bore holes, sampling, plate load test, standard penetration and cone penetration tests; Earth pressure theories-Rankine and Coulomb; stability of slopes-finite and infinite slopes, Bishop's method |
| Stress distribution in soils-Boussinesq's theory; pressure bulbs, shallow foundations-Terzaghi and Meyerhof's bearing capacity theories, effect of water table; combined footing and raft foundation; contact pressure |
| Settlement analysis in sands and clays; deep foundations-dynamic and static formulae, axial load capacity of piles in sands and clays, pile load test, pile under lateral loading, pile group efficiency, negative skin friction |
Water resources engineering
Water resources engineering: Unit 01
Fluid mechanics |
|---|
| Properties of fluids, fluid statics; continuity, momentum and energy equations and their applications; potential flow, laminar and turbulent flow; flow in pipes, pipe networks; concept of boundary layer and its growth; concept of lift and drag |
Hydraulics |
|---|
| Forces on immersed bodies; flow measurement in channels and pipes; dimensional analysis and hydraulic similitude; channel hydraulics-energy-depth relationships, specific energy, critical flow, hydraulic jump, uniform flow |
| Gradually varied flow and water surface profiles |
Hydrology |
|---|
| Hydrologic cycle, precipitation, evaporation, evapo-transpiration, watershed, infiltration, unit hydrographs, hydrograph analysis, reservoir capacity, flood estimation and routing, surface run-off models |
| Ground water hydrology-steady state well hydraulics and aquifers; application of Darcy's law |
Irrigation |
|---|
| Types of irrigation systems and methods; crop water requirements-duty, delta, evapo-transpiration; gravity dams and spillways; lined and unlined canals, design of weirs on permeable foundation; cross drainage structures |
Environmental engineering
Environmental engineering: Unit 01
Water and waste water quality and treatment |
|---|
| Basics of water quality standards-physical, chemical, and biological parameters; water quality index; unit processes and operations; water requirement; water distribution system; drinking water treatment |
| Sewerage system design, quantity of domestic wastewater, primary and secondary treatment |
| Effluent discharge standards; sludge disposal; reuse of treated sewage for different applications |
Air pollution |
|---|
| Types of pollutants, their sources and impacts, air pollution control, air quality standards, air quality index and limits |
Municipal solid wastes |
|---|
| Characteristics, generation, collection and transportation of solid wastes, engineered systems for solid waste management (reuse/ recycle, energy recovery, treatment and disposal) |
Transportation engineering
Transportation engineering: Unit 01
Transportation infrastructure |
|---|
| Geometric design of highways-cross-sectional elements, sight distances, horizontal and vertical alignments |
| Geometric design of railway Track-speed and cant |
| Concept of airport runway length, calculations and corrections; taxiway and exit taxiway design |
Highway pavements |
|---|
| Highway materials-desirable properties and tests; desirable properties of bituminous paving mixes; design factors for flexible and rigid pavements; design of flexible and rigid pavement using IRC codes |
Traffic engineering |
|---|
| Traffic studies on flow and speed, peak hour factor, accident study, statistical analysis of traffic data; microscopic and macroscopic parameters of traffic flow, fundamental relationships; traffic signs; signal design by Webster's method |
| Types of intersections; highway capacity |
Geomatics engineering
Geomatics engineering: Unit 01
Principles of surveying |
|---|
Errors and their adjustment |
|---|
Maps |
|---|
| Scale, coordinate system |
Distance and angle measurement |
|---|
| Levelling and trigonometric levelling |
Traversing and triangulation survey |
|---|
Total station |
|---|
Horizontal and vertical curves |
|---|
Photogrammetry and remote sensing |
|---|
| Scale, flying height |
Basics of remote sensing and GIS |
|---|
GATE Chemical Engineering Syllabus
General aptitude
General aptitude: Unit 01
Verbal aptitude |
|---|
| Basic English grammar: Tenses, articles, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, verb-noun agreement, and other parts of speech |
| Basic vocabulary: Words, idioms, and phrases in context |
| Reading and comprehension |
| Narrative sequencing |
Quantitative aptitude |
|---|
| Data interpretation: Data graphs (bar graphs, pie charts, and other graphs representing data), 2- and 3-dimensional plots, maps, and tables |
| Numerical computation and estimation: Ratios, percentages, powers, exponents and logarithms, permutations and combinations, and series |
| Mensuration and geometry |
| Elementary statistics and probability |
Analytical aptitude |
|---|
| Logic: Deduction and induction |
| Analogy |
| Numerical relations and reasoning |
Spatial aptitude |
|---|
| Transformation of shapes: Translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring, assembling, and grouping, paper folding, cutting, and patterns in 2 and 3 dimensions |
Engineering mathematics
Engineering mathematics: Unit 01
Linear algebra |
|---|
| Matrix algebra, systems of linear equations, eigen values and eigen vectors |
Calculus |
|---|
| Functions of single variable, limit, continuity, and differentiability, Taylor series, mean value theorems, evaluation of definite and improper integrals, partial derivatives, total derivative, maxima and minima, gradient, divergence and curl |
| Vector identities, directional derivatives, line, surface and volume integrals, Stokes, Gauss and Green's theorems |
Differential equations |
|---|
| First order equations (linear and nonlinear), higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients, Cauchy's and Euler's equations, initial and boundary value problems, Laplace transforms |
| Solutions of one dimensional heat and wave equations and Laplace equation |
Complex variables |
|---|
| Complex number, polar form of complex number, triangle inequality |
Probability and Statistics |
|---|
| Definitions of probability and sampling theorems, conditional probability, mean, median, mode and standard deviation, random variables, Poisson, normal and binomial distributions, linear regression analysis |
Numerical methods |
|---|
| Numerical solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equations |
| Integration by trapezoidal and Simpson's rule |
| Single and multi-step methods for numerical solution of differential equations |
Process calculations and thermodynamics
Process calculations and thermodynamics: Unit 01
Steady and unsteady state mass and energy balances including multiphase |
|---|
Multi-component |
|---|
Reacting and non-reacting systems |
|---|
Use of tie components |
|---|
Recycle, bypass, and purge calculations |
|---|
Gibb's phase rule and degree of freedom analysis |
|---|
First and second laws of thermodynamics |
|---|
Applications of first law to close and open systems |
|---|
Second law and entropy |
|---|
Thermodynamic properties of pure substances |
|---|
| Equation of state and residual properties |
Properties of mixtures |
|---|
| Partial molar properties, fugacity, excess properties and activity coefficients |
Phase equilibria |
|---|
| Predicting VLE of systems; chemical reaction equilibrium |
Fluid mechanics and mechanical operations
Fluid mechanics and mechanical operations: Unit 01
Fluid statics |
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Surface tension |
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Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids |
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Transport properties |
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Shell-balances including differential form of Bernoulli equation and energy balance |
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Equation of continuity |
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Equation of motion |
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Equation of mechanical energy |
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Macroscopic friction factors |
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Dimensional analysis and similitude |
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Flow through pipeline systems |
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Velocity profiles |
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Flow meters |
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Pumps and compressors |
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Elementary boundary layer theory |
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Flow past immersed bodies including packed and fluidized beds |
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Turbulent flow |
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| Fluctuating velocity, universal velocity profile and pressure drop |
Particle size and shape |
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Particle size distribution |
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Size reduction and classification of solid particles |
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Free and hindered settling |
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Centrifuge and cyclones |
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Thickening and classification |
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Filtration |
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Agitation and mixing |
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Conveying of solids |
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Heat transfer
Heat transfer: Unit 01
Equation of energy |
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Steady and unsteady heat conduction |
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Convection and radiation |
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Thermal boundary layer and heat transfer coefficients |
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Boiling |
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Condensation and evaporation |
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Types of heat exchangers and evaporators and their process calculations |
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Design of double pipe |
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Shell and tube heat exchangers, and single and multiple effect evaporators |
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Mass transfer
Mass transfer: Unit 01
Fick's laws |
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Molecular diffusion in fluids |
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Mass transfer coefficients |
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Film |
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Penetration and surface renewal theories |
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Momentum |
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Heat and mass transfer analogies |
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Stage-wise and continuous contacting and stage efficiencies |
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HTU and NTU concepts |
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Design and operation of equipment for distillation |
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Absorption |
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Leaching |
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Liquid-liquid extraction |
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Drying |
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Humidification |
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Dehumidification and adsorption |
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Membrane separations (micro-filtration, ultra-filtration, nano-filtration and reverse osmosis) |
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Chemical reaction engineering
Chemical reaction engineering: Unit 01
Theories of reaction rates |
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Kinetics of homogeneous reactions |
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Interpretation of kinetic data |
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Single and multiple reactions in ideal reactors |
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Kinetics of enzyme reactions (Michaelis-Menten and Monod models) |
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Non-ideal reactors |
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Residence time distribution |
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Single parameter model |
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Non-isothermal reactors |
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Kinetics of heterogeneous catalytic reactions |
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Diffusion effects in catalysis |
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Rate and performance equations for catalyst deactivation |
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Instrumentation and process control
Instrumentation and process control: Unit 01
Measurement of process variables |
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Sensors and transducers |
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P and ID equipment symbols |
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Process modeling and linearization |
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Transfer functions and dynamic responses of various systems |
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Systems with inverse response |
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Process reaction curve |
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Controller modes (P, PI, and PID) |
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Control valves |
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Transducer dynamics |
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Analysis of closed loop systems including stability |
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Frequency response |
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Controller tuning |
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Cascade and feed forward control |
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Plant design and economics
Plant design and economics: Unit 01
Principles of process economics and cost estimation including depreciation and total annualized cost |
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Cost indices |
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Rate of return |
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Payback period |
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Discounted cash flow |
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Optimization in process design and sizing of chemical engineering equipments such as heat exchangers and multistage contactors |
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Chemical technology
Chemical technology: Unit 01
Inorganic chemical industries (sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, chlor-alkali industry) |
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Fertilizers (ammonia, urea, SSP and TSP) |
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Natural products industries (pulp and paper, sugar, oil, and fats) |
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Petroleum refining and petrochemicals |
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Polymerization industries (polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC and polyester synthetic fibers) |
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GATE Computer Science and Information Technology Syllabus
General aptitude
General aptitude: Unit 01
Verbal aptitude |
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| Basic English grammar: Tenses, articles, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, verb-noun agreement, and other parts of speech |
| Basic vocabulary: Words, idioms, and phrases in context |
| Reading and comprehension |
| Narrative sequencing |
Quantitative aptitude |
|---|
| Data interpretation: Data graphs (bar graphs, pie charts, and other graphs representing data), 2- and 3-dimensional plots, maps, and tables |
| Numerical computation and estimation: Ratios, percentages, powers, exponents and logarithms, permutations and combinations, and series |
| Mensuration and geometry |
| Elementary statistics and probability |
Analytical aptitude |
|---|
| Logic: Deduction and induction |
| Analogy |
| Numerical relations and reasoning |
Spatial aptitude |
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| Transformation of shapes: Translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring, assembling, and grouping, paper folding, cutting, and patterns in 2 and 3 dimensions |
Engineering mathematics
Engineering mathematics: Unit 01
Discrete mathematics |
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| Propositional and first order logic |
| Sets, relations, functions, partial orders and lattices |
| Monoids, groups |
| Graphs: Connectivity, matching, colouring |
| Combinatorics: Counting, recurrence relations, generating functions |
Linear algebra |
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| Matrices, determinants, system of linear equations, eigen values and eigen vectors, LU decomposition |
Calculus |
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| Limits, continuity, and differentiability |
| Maxima and minima |
| Mean value theorem |
| Integration |
Probability and Statistics |
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| Random variables |
| Uniform, normal, exponential, poisson and binomial distributions |
| Mean, median, mode and standard deviation |
| Conditional probability and baye's theorem |
Computer science and information technology
Computer science and information technology: Unit 01
Digital logic |
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| Boolean algebra |
| Combinational and sequential circuits |
| Minimization |
| Number representations and computer arithmetic (fixed and floating point) |
Computer organization and architecture |
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| Machine instructions and addressing modes |
| ALU, data‐path and control unit |
| Instruction pipelining, pipeline hazards |
| Memory hierarchy: Cache, main memory and secondary storage; I/O interface (interrupt and DMA mode) |
Programming and data structures |
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| Programming in C. Recursion |
| Arrays, stacks, queues, linked lists, trees, binary search trees, binary heaps, graphs |
Algorithms |
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| Searching, sorting, hashing |
| Asymptotic worst case time and space complexity |
| Algorithm design techniques: Greedy, dynamic programming and divide‐and‐conquer |
| Graph traversals, minimum spanning trees, shortest paths |
Theory of computation |
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| Regular expressions and finite automata |
| Context-free grammars and push-down automata |
| Regular and contex-free languages, pumping lemma |
| Turing machines and undecidability |
Compiler design |
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| Lexical analysis, parsing, syntax-directed translation |
| Runtime environments |
| Intermediate code generation |
| Local optimisation, data flow analyses: Constant propagation, liveness analysis, common subexpression elimination |
Operating system |
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| System calls, processes, threads, inter‐process communication, concurrency and synchronization |
| Deadlock |
| CPU and I/O scheduling |
| Memory management and virtual memory |
| File systems |
Databases |
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| ER‐model |
| Relational model: Relational algebra, tuple calculus, SQL |
| Integrity constraints, normal forms |
| File organization, indexing (e.g., B and B+ trees) |
| Transactions and concurrency control |
Computer networks |
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| Concept of layering: OSI and TCP/IP protocol stacks; basics of packet, circuit and virtual circuit-switching; data link layer: Framing, error detection, medium access control, ethernet bridging |
| Routing protocols: Shortest path, flooding, distance vector and link state routing; fragmentation and IP addressing, IPv4, CIDR notation, basics of IP support protocols (ARP, DHCP, ICMP), network address translation (NAT) |
| Transport layer: Flow control and congestion control, UDP, TCP, sockets; application layer protocols: DNS, SMTP, HTTP, FTP, Email |
GATE Chemistry Syllabus
General aptitude
General aptitude: Unit 01
Verbal aptitude |
|---|
| Basic English grammar: Tenses, articles, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, verb-noun agreement, and other parts of speech |
| Basic vocabulary: Words, idioms, and phrases in context |
| Reading and comprehension |
| Narrative sequencing |
Quantitative aptitude |
|---|
| Data interpretation: Data graphs (bar graphs, pie charts, and other graphs representing data), 2- and 3-dimensional plots, maps, and tables |
| Numerical computation and estimation: Ratios, percentages, powers, exponents and logarithms, permutations and combinations, and series |
| Mensuration and geometry |
| Elementary statistics and probability |
Analytical aptitude |
|---|
| Logic: Deduction and induction |
| Analogy |
| Numerical relations and reasoning |
Spatial aptitude |
|---|
| Transformation of shapes: Translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring, assembling, and grouping, paper folding, cutting, and patterns in 2 and 3 dimensions |
Physical chemistry
Physical chemistry: Unit 01
Structure |
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| Postulates of quantum mechanics |
| Operators |
| Time dependent and time independent Schrödinger equations |
| Born interpretation |
| Dirac bra-ket notation |
| Particle in a box: Infinite and finite square wells; concept of tunnelling; particle in 1D, 2D and 3D-box; applications |
| Harmonic oscillator: Harmonic and anharmonic potentials; hermite polynomials |
| Rotational motion: Angular momentum operators, rigid rotor |
| Hydrogen and hydrogen-like atoms: Atomic orbitals; radial distribution function |
| Multi-electron atoms: Orbital approximation; electron spin; Pauli exclusion principle; slater determinants |
| Approximation methods: Variation method and secular determinants; first order perturbation techniques |
| Atomic units |
| Molecular structure and chemical bonding: Born-Oppenheimer approximation; valence bond theory and linear combination of atomic orbitals-molecular orbital (LCAO-MO) theory |
| Hybrid orbitals |
| Applications of LCAO-MO theory to H2 +, H2; molecular orbital theory (MOT) of homo- and heteronuclear diatomic molecules |
| Hückel approximation and its application to annular π– electron systems |
| Group theory: Symmetry elements and operations; point groups and character tables; internal coordinates and vibrational modes; symmetry adapted linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO-MO); construction of hybrid orbitals using symmetry aspects |
| Spectroscopy: Atomic spectroscopy; Russell-Saunders coupling; term symbols and spectral details; origin of selection rules. Rotational, vibrational, electronic and Raman spectroscopy of diatomic and polyatomic molecules. Line broadening |
| Spectroscopy: Einstein's coefficients. Relationship of transition moment integral with molar extinction coefficient and oscillator strength. Basic principles of nuclear magnetic resonance: Gyromagnetic ratio; chemical shift, nuclear coupling |
Equilibrium |
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| Laws of thermodynamics |
| Standard states |
| Thermochemistry |
| Thermodynamic functions and their relationships: Gibbs-Helmholtz and Maxwell relations, Gibbs-Duhem equation, Van't Hoff equation |
| Criteria of spontaneity and equilibrium |
| Absolute entropy |
| Partial molar quantities |
| Thermodynamics of mixing |
| Chemical potential |
| Fugacity, activity and activity coefficients |
| Ideal and Non-ideal solutions, Raoult's law and Henry's law, chemical equilibria |
| Dependence of equilibrium constant on temperature and pressure |
| Ionic mobility and conductivity |
| Debye-Huckel limiting law |
| Debye-Hückel-Onsager equation |
| Standard electrode potentials and electrochemical cells |
| Nernst Equation and its application, relationship between electrode potential and thermodynamic quantities, potentiometric and conductometric titrations |
| Phase rule |
| Clausius-Clapeyron equation |
| Phase diagram of one component systems: CO2, H2O, S; two component systems: Liquid- vapour, liquid-liquid, and solid-liquid systems |
| Fractional distillation |
| Azeotropes and eutectics |
| Statistical thermodynamics: Microcanonical, canonical and grand canonical ensembles, Boltzmann distribution, partition functions and thermodynamic properties |
Kinetics |
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| Elementary, parallel, opposing and consecutive reactions |
| Steady state approximation |
| Mechanisms of complex reactions |
| Unimolecular reactions |
| Potential energy surfaces and classical trajectories, concept of Saddle points, transition state theory: Eyring equation, thermodynamic aspects |
| Kinetics of polymerization |
| Catalysis concepts and enzyme catalysis |
| Kinetic isotope effects |
| Fast reaction kinetics: Relaxation and flow methods |
| Diffusion controlled reactions |
| Kinetics of photochemical and photophysical processes |
Surfaces and interfaces |
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| Physisorption and Chemisorption |
| Langmuir, Freundlich and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) isotherms |
| Surface catalysis: Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism |
| Surface tension, viscosity |
| Self-assembly |
| Physical chemistry of colloids, micelles and macromolecules |
Inorganic chemistry
Inorganic chemistry: Unit 01
Main group elements |
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| Hydrides, halides, oxides, oxoacids, nitrides, sulfides-shapes and reactivity |
| Structure and bonding of boranes, carboranes, silicones, silicates, boron nitride, borazines and phosphazenes |
| Allotropes of carbon, phosphorous and sulphur |
| Industrial synthesis of compounds of main group elements |
| Chemistry of noble gases, pseudohalogens, and interhalogen compounds |
| Acid-base concepts and principles (Lewis, Brønsted, HSAB and acid-base catalysis) |
Transition elements |
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| Coordination chemistry-structure and isomerism, theories of bonding (VBT, CFT, and MOT) |
| Energy level diagrams in various crystal fields, CFSE, applications of CFT, Jahn-Teller distortion |
| Electronic spectra of transition metal complexes: Spectroscopic term symbols, selection rules, Orgel and Tanabe-Sugano diagrams, nephelauxetic effect and Racah parameter, charge-transfer spectra |
| Magnetic properties of transition metal complexes |
| Ray-Dutt and Bailar twists, reaction mechanisms: Kinetic and thermodynamic stability, substitution and redox reactions |
| Metal-metal multiple bond |
Lanthanides and actinides |
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| Recovery |
| Periodic properties, spectra and magnetic properties |
Organometallics |
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| 18-Electron rule; metal-alkyl, metal-carbonyl, metal-olefin and metal-carbene complexes and metallocenes |
| Fluxionality in organometallic complexes |
| Types of organometallic reactions |
| Homogeneous catalysis-hydrogenation, hydroformylation, acetic acid synthesis, metathesis and olefin oxidation |
| Heterogeneous catalysis-Fischer-Tropsch reaction, Ziegler-Natta polymerization |
Radioactivity |
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| Detection of radioactivity, decay processes, half-life of radioactive elements, fission and fusion processes |
Bioinorganic chemistry |
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| Ion (Na+ and K+ ) transport, oxygen binding, transport and utilization, electron transfer reactions, nitrogen fixation, metalloenzymes containing magnesium, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, copper and zinc |
Solids |
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| Crystal systems and lattices, Miller planes, crystal packing, crystal defects, Bragg's law, ionic crystals, structures of AX, AX2, ABX3 type compounds, spinels, band theory, metals and semiconductors |
Instrumental methods of analysis |
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| UV-visible, fluorescence and FTIR spectrophotometry, NMR and ESR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, atomic absorption spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy (Fe and Sn) and X-ray crystallography |
| Chromatography including GC and HPLC |
| Electroanalytical methods-polarography, cyclic voltammetry, ion-selective electrodes |
| Thermoanalytical methods |
Organic chemistry
Organic chemistry: Unit 01
Stereochemistry |
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| Chirality and symmetry of organic molecules with or without chiral centres and determination of their absolute configurations |
| Relative stereochemistry in compounds having more than one stereogenic centre |
| Homotopic, enantiotopic and diastereotopic atoms, groups and faces |
| Stereoselective and stereospecific synthesis |
| Conformational analysis of acyclic and cyclic compounds |
| Geometrical isomerism and optical isomerism |
| Configurational and conformational effects, atropisomerism, and neighbouring group participation on reactivity and selectivity/ specificity |
Reaction mechanisms |
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| Basic mechanistic concepts-kinetic versus thermodynamic control, Hammond's postulate and Curtin-Hammett principle |
| Methods of determining reaction mechanisms through kinetics, identification of products, intermediates and isotopic labelling |
| Linear free-energy relationshi-Hammett and Taft equations |
| Nucleophilic and electrophilic substitution reactions (both aromatic and aliphatic) |
| Addition reactions to carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom (N and O) multiple bonds |
| Elimination reactions |
| Reactive intermediates-carbocations, carbanions, carbenes, nitrenes, arynes and free radicals |
| Molecular rearrangements |
Organic synthesis |
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| Synthesis, reactions, mechanisms and selectivity involving the following classes of compounds-alkenes, alkynes, arenes, alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, nitriles, halides, nitro compounds, amines and amides |
| Uses of Mg, Li, Cu, B, Zn, P, S, Sn and Si based reagents in organic synthesis |
| Carbon-carbon bond formation through coupling reactions-Heck, Suzuki, Stille, Sonogoshira, Negishi, Kumada, Hiyama, Tsuji-Trost, olefin metathesis and McMurry |
| Concepts of multistep synthesis-retrosynthetic analysis, strategic disconnections, synthons and synthetic equivalents |
| Atom economy and green chemistry, umpolung reactivity-formyl and acyl anion equivalents |
| Selectivity in organic synthesis-chemo-, regio- and stereoselectivity |
| Protection and deprotection of functional groups |
| Concepts of asymmetric synthesis-resolution (including enzymatic), desymmetrization and use of chiral auxiliaries, organocatalysis |
| Carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond forming reactions through enolates (including boron enolates), enamines and silyl enol ethers |
| Stereoselective addition to C=O groups (Cram, Prelog and Felkin-Anh models) |
Pericyclic reactions and photochemistry |
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| Electrocyclic, cycloaddition and sigmatropic reactions |
| Orbital correlations-FMO and PMO treatments, Woodward-Hoffmann rule |
| Photochemistry of alkenes, arenes and carbonyl compounds |
| Photooxidation and photoreduction |
| Di-π-methane rearrangement, Barton-McCombie reaction, Norrish type-I and II cleavage reaction |
Heterocyclic compounds |
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| Structure, preparation, properties and reactions of furan, pyrrole, thiophene, pyridine, indole, quinoline and isoquinoline |
Biomolecules |
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| Structure, properties and reactions of mono-and di-saccharides, physicochemical properties of amino acids, chemical synthesis of peptides, chemical structure determination of peptides and proteins |
| Structural features of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, steroids, terpenoids, carotenoids, and alkaloids |
Experimental techniques in organic chemistry |
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| Optical rotation (polarimetry) |
| Applications of various chromatographic techniques such as thin-layer, column, HPLC and GC |
| Applications of UV-visible, IR, NMR and mass spectrometry in the structural determination of organic molecules |
GATE Electronics and Communication Engineering Syllabus
General aptitude
General aptitude: Unit 01
Verbal aptitude |
|---|
| Basic English grammar: Tenses, articles, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, verb-noun agreement, and other parts of speech |
| Basic vocabulary: Words, idioms, and phrases in context |
| Reading and comprehension |
| Narrative sequencing |
Quantitative aptitude |
|---|
| Data interpretation: Data graphs (bar graphs, pie charts, and other graphs representing data), 2- and 3-dimensional plots, maps, and tables |
| Numerical computation and estimation: Ratios, percentages, powers, exponents and logarithms, permutations and combinations, and series |
| Mensuration and geometry |
| Elementary statistics and probability |
Analytical aptitude |
|---|
| Logic: Deduction and induction |
| Analogy |
| Numerical relations and reasoning |
Spatial aptitude |
|---|
| Transformation of shapes: Translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring, assembling, and grouping, paper folding, cutting, and patterns in 2 and 3 dimensions |
Engineering mathematics
Engineering mathematics: Unit 01
Linear algebra |
|---|
| Vector space, basis, linear dependence and independence, matrix algebra, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, rank, solution of linear equations-existence and uniqueness |
Calculus |
|---|
| Mean value theorems, theorems of integral calculus, evaluation of definite and improper integrals, partial derivatives, maxima and minima, multiple integrals, line, surface and volume integrals, Taylor series |
Differential equations |
|---|
| First order equations (linear and nonlinear), higher order linear differential equations, Cauchy's and Euler's equations, methods of solution using variation of parameters, complementary function and particular integral, partial differential equations |
| Variable separable method, initial and boundary value problems |
Vector analysis |
|---|
| Vectors in plane and space, vector operations, gradient, divergence and curl, Gauss's, Green's and Stokes' theorems |
Complex analysis |
|---|
| Analytic functions, Cauchy's integral theorem, Cauchy's integral formula, sequences, series, convergence tests, Taylor and Laurent series, residue theorem |
Probability and Statistics |
|---|
| Mean, median, mode, standard deviation, combinatorial probability, probability distributions, binomial distribution, Poisson distribution, exponential distribution, normal distribution, joint and conditional probability |
Networks, signals, and systems
Networks, signals, and systems: Unit 01
Circuit analysis |
|---|
| Node and mesh analysis, superposition, Thevenin's theorem, Norton's theorem, reciprocity |
| Sinusoidal steady state analysis: Phasors, complex power, maximum power transfer |
| Time and frequency domain analysis of linear circuits: RL, RC and RLC circuits, solution of network equations using Laplace transform |
| Linear 2-port network parameters, Wye-delta transformation |
Continuous-time signals |
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| Fourier series and Fourier transform, sampling theorem and applications |
Discrete-time signals |
|---|
| DTFT, DFT, z-transform, discrete-time processing of continuous-time signals |
| LTI systems: Definition and properties, causality, stability, impulse response, convolution, poles and zeroes, frequency response, group delay, phase delay |
Electronic devices
Electronic devices: Unit 01
Energy bands in intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors |
|---|
Equilibrium carrier concentration |
|---|
Direct and indirect band-gap semiconductors |
|---|
Carrier transport |
|---|
| Diffusion current, drift current, mobility and resistivity, generation and recombination of carriers, Poisson and continuity equations |
P-N junction |
|---|
Zener diode |
|---|
BJT |
|---|
MOS capacitor |
|---|
MOSFET |
|---|
LED |
|---|
Photo diode and solar cell |
|---|
Analog circuits
Analog circuits: Unit 01
Diode circuits |
|---|
| Clipping, clamping and rectifiers |
BJT and MOSFET amplifiers |
|---|
| Biasing, ac coupling, small signal analysis, frequency response |
| Current mirrors and differential amplifiers |
OP-AMP Circuits |
|---|
| Amplifiers, summers, differentiators, integrators, active filters, Schmitt triggers and oscillators |
Digital circuits
Digital circuits: Unit 01
Number representations |
|---|
| Binary, integer and floating-point-numbers |
Combinatorial circuits |
|---|
| Boolean algebra, minimization of functions using Boolean identities and Karnaugh map, logic gates and their static CMOS implementations, arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers, decoders |
Sequential circuits |
|---|
| Latches and flip-flops, counters, shift-registers, finite state machines, propagation delay, setup and hold time, critical path delay |
Data converters |
|---|
| Sample and hold circuits, ADCs and DACs |
Semiconductor memories |
|---|
| ROM, SRAM, DRAM |
Computer organization |
|---|
| Machine instructions and addressing modes, ALU, data-path and control unit, instruction pipelining |
Control systems
Control systems: Unit 01
Basic control system components |
|---|
Feedback principle |
|---|
Transfer function |
|---|
Block diagram representation |
|---|
Signal flow graph |
|---|
Transient and steady-state analysis of LTI systems |
|---|
Frequency response |
|---|
Routh-Hurwitz and Nyquist stability criteria |
|---|
Bode and root-locus plots |
|---|
Lag, lead and lag-lead compensation |
|---|
State variable model and solution of state equation of LTI systems |
|---|
Communications
Communications: Unit 01
Random processes |
|---|
| Autocorrelation and power spectral density, properties of white noise, filtering of random signals through LTI systems |
Analog communications |
|---|
| Amplitude modulation and demodulation, angle modulation and demodulation, spectra of AM and FM, superheterodyne receivers |
Information theory |
|---|
| Entropy, mutual information and channel capacity theorem |
Digital communications |
|---|
| PCM, DPCM, digital modulation schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK, QAM), bandwidth, inter-symbol interference, MAP, ML detection, matched filter receiver, SNR and BER |
Fundamentals of error correction |
|---|
Hamming codes |
|---|
CRC |
|---|
Electromagnetics
Electromagnetics: Unit 01
Maxwell's equations |
|---|
| Differential and integral forms and their interpretation, boundary conditions, wave equation, Poynting vector |
Plane waves and properties |
|---|
| Reflection and refraction, polarization, phase and group velocity, propagation through various media, skin depth |
Transmission lines |
|---|
| Equations, characteristic impedance, impedance matching, impedance transformation, S-parameters, Smith chart |
Rectangular and circular waveguides |
|---|
Light propagation in optical fibers |
|---|
Dipole and monopole antennas |
|---|
Linear antenna arrays |
|---|
GATE Electrical Engineering Syllabus
General aptitude
General aptitude: Unit 01
Verbal aptitude |
|---|
| Basic English grammar: Tenses, articles, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, verb-noun agreement, and other parts of speech |
| Basic vocabulary: Words, idioms, and phrases in context |
| Reading and comprehension |
| Narrative sequencing |
Quantitative aptitude |
|---|
| Data interpretation: Data graphs (bar graphs, pie charts, and other graphs representing data), 2- and 3-dimensional plots, maps, and tables |
| Numerical computation and estimation: Ratios, percentages, powers, exponents and logarithms, permutations and combinations, and series |
| Mensuration and geometry |
| Elementary statistics and probability |
Analytical aptitude |
|---|
| Logic: Deduction and induction |
| Analogy |
| Numerical relations and reasoning |
Spatial aptitude |
|---|
| Transformation of shapes: Translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring, assembling, and grouping, paper folding, cutting, and patterns in 2 and 3 dimensions |
Engineering mathematics
Engineering mathematics: Unit 01
Linear algebra |
|---|
| Matrix algebra, systems of linear equations, eigen values, eigen vectors |
Calculus |
|---|
| Mean value theorems, theorems of integral calculus, evaluation of definite and improper integrals, partial derivatives, maxima and minima, multiple integrals, Fourier series, vector identities, directional derivatives, line integral, surface integral |
| Volume integral, Stokes's theorem, Gauss's theorem, divergence theorem, Green's theorem |
Differential equations |
|---|
| First order equations (linear and nonlinear), higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients, method of variation of parameters, Cauchy's equation, Euler's equation, Initial and boundary value problems |
| Partial differential equations, method of separation of variables |
Complex variables |
|---|
| Analytic functions, Cauchy's integral theorem, Cauchy's integral formula, Taylor series, Laurent series, residue theorem, solution integrals |
Probability and Statistics |
|---|
| Sampling theorems, conditional probability, mean, median, mode, standard deviation, random variables, discrete and continuous distributions, Poisson distribution, normal distribution, binomial distribution, correlation analysis, regression analysis |
Electric circuits
Electric circuits: Unit 01
Network elements |
|---|
| Ideal voltage and current sources, dependent sources, R, L, C, M elements |
Network solution methods |
|---|
| KCL, KVL, node and mesh analysis |
Network theorems |
|---|
| Thevenin's, Norton's, superposition and maximum power transfer theorem; transient response of dc and ac networks, sinusoidal steady-state analysis, resonance, two port networks, balanced three phase circuits, star-delta transformation |
| Complex power and power factor in ac circuits |
Electromagnetic fields
Electromagnetic fields: Unit 01
Coulomb's law |
|---|
Electric field intensity |
|---|
Electric flux density |
|---|
Gauss's law |
|---|
Divergence |
|---|
Electric field and potential due to point, line, plane, and spherical charge distributions |
|---|
Effect of dielectric medium |
|---|
Capacitance of simple configurations |
|---|
Biot‐Savart's law |
|---|
Ampere's law |
|---|
Curl |
|---|
Faraday's law |
|---|
Lorentz force |
|---|
Inductance |
|---|
Magnetomotive force |
|---|
Reluctance |
|---|
Magnetic circuits |
|---|
Self and mutual inductance of simple configurations |
|---|
Signals and systems
Signals and systems: Unit 01
Representation of continuous and discrete time signals |
|---|
Shifting and scaling properties |
|---|
Linear time invariant and causal systems |
|---|
Fourier series representation of continuous and discrete time periodic signals |
|---|
Sampling theorem |
|---|
Applications of Fourier transform for continuous and discrete time signals |
|---|
Laplace transform and Z transform |
|---|
Electrical machines
Electrical machines: Unit 01
Single phase transformer |
|---|
| Equivalent circuit, phasor diagram, open circuit and short circuit tests, regulation and efficiency |
Three-phase transformers |
|---|
| Connections, vector groups, parallel operation |
Auto-transformer |
|---|
Electromechanical energy conversion principles |
|---|
DC machines |
|---|
| Separately excited, series and shunt, motoring and generating mode of operation and their characteristics, speed control of dc motors |
Three-phase induction machines |
|---|
| Principle of operation, types, performance, torque-speed characteristics, no-load and blocked-rotor tests, equivalent circuit, starting and speed control |
Operating principle of single-phase induction motors |
|---|
Synchronous machines |
|---|
| Cylindrical and salient pole machines, performance and characteristics, regulation and parallel operation of generators, starting of synchronous motors |
Types of losses and efficiency calculations of electric machines |
|---|
Power systems
Power systems: Unit 01
Basic concepts of electrical power generation |
|---|
AC and DC transmission concepts |
|---|
Models and performance of transmission lines and cables |
|---|
Series and shunt compensation |
|---|
Electric field distribution and insulators |
|---|
Distribution systems |
|---|
Per‐unit quantities |
|---|
Bus admittance matrix |
|---|
Gauss-Seidel and Newton-Raphson load flow methods |
|---|
Voltage and frequency control |
|---|
Power factor correction |
|---|
Symmetrical components |
|---|
Symmetrical and unsymmetrical fault analysis |
|---|
Principles of over‐current |
|---|
Differential |
|---|
Directional and distance protection |
|---|
Circuit breakers |
|---|
System stability concepts |
|---|
Equal area criterion |
|---|
Economic load dispatch (with and without considering transmission losses) |
|---|
Control systems
Control systems: Unit 01
Mathematical modeling and representation of systems |
|---|
Feedback principle |
|---|
Transfer function |
|---|
Block diagrams and signal flow graphs |
|---|
Transient and steady‐state analysis of linear time invariant systems |
|---|
Stability analysis using Routh-Hurwitz and Nyquist criteria |
|---|
Bode plots |
|---|
Root loci |
|---|
Lag |
|---|
Lead and lead‐lag compensators |
|---|
P, PI and PID controllers |
|---|
State space model |
|---|
Solution of state equations of LTI systems |
|---|
R.M.S. value |
|---|
Average value calculation for any general periodic waveform |
|---|
Electrical and electronic measurements
Electrical and electronic measurements: Unit 01
Bridges and potentiometers |
|---|
Measurement of voltage |
|---|
Current |
|---|
Power |
|---|
Energy and power factor |
|---|
Instrument transformers |
|---|
Digital voltmeters and multimeters |
|---|
Phase |
|---|
Time and frequency measurement |
|---|
Oscilloscopes |
|---|
Error analysis |
|---|
Analog and digital electronics
Analog and digital electronics: Unit 01
Simple diode circuits |
|---|
| Clipping, clamping, rectifiers |
Amplifiers |
|---|
| Biasing, equivalent circuit and frequency response |
Oscillators and feedback amplifiers |
|---|
Operational amplifiers |
|---|
| characteristics and applications |
Single stage active filters |
|---|
Sallen Key |
|---|
Butterworth |
|---|
VCOs and timers |
|---|
Combinatorial and sequential logic circuits |
|---|
Multiplexers |
|---|
Demultiplexers |
|---|
Schmitt triggers |
|---|
Sample and hold circuits |
|---|
A/D and D/A converters |
|---|
Power electronics
Power electronics: Unit 01
Static V-I characteristics and firing/ gating circuits for thyristor |
|---|
MOSFET |
|---|
IGBT |
|---|
DC to DC conversion |
|---|
| Buck, boost, and buck-boost converters |
Single and three-phase configuration of uncontrolled rectifiers |
|---|
Voltage and current commutated thyristor based converters |
|---|
Bidirectional AC to DC voltage source converters |
|---|
Magnitude and phase of line current harmonics for uncontrolled and thyristor based converters |
|---|
Power factor and distortion factor of AC to DC converters |
|---|
Single-phase and three-phase voltage and current source inverters |
|---|
Sinusoidal pulse width modulation |
|---|
GATE Geology and Geophysics Syllabus
General aptitude
General aptitude: Unit 01
Verbal aptitude |
|---|
| Basic English grammar: Tenses, articles, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, verb-noun agreement, and other parts of speech |
| Basic vocabulary: Words, idioms, and phrases in context |
| Reading and comprehension |
| Narrative sequencing |
Quantitative aptitude |
|---|
| Data interpretation: Data graphs (bar graphs, pie charts, and other graphs representing data), 2- and 3-dimensional plots, maps, and tables |
| Numerical computation and estimation: Ratios, percentages, powers, exponents and logarithms, permutations and combinations, and series |
| Mensuration and geometry |
| Elementary statistics and probability |
Analytical aptitude |
|---|
| Logic: Deduction and induction |
| Analogy |
| Numerical relations and reasoning |
Spatial aptitude |
|---|
| Transformation of shapes: Translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring, assembling, and grouping, paper folding, cutting, and patterns in 2 and 3 dimensions |
Common section
Common section: Unit 01
Earth and planetary system |
|---|
| Terrestrial planets and moons of the solar system; size, shape, internal structure and composition of the earth; concept of isostasy; elements of seismology-body and surface waves, propagation of body waves in the earth’s interior |
| Heat flow within the earth; gravitational field of the Earth; geomagnetism and paleomagnetism; continental drift; plate tectonics-relationship with earthquakes, volcanism and mountain building; continental and oceanic crust |
| Composition, structure, and thickness |
Weathering and soil formation |
|---|
Landforms created by river, wind, glacier, ocean, and volcanoes |
|---|
Basic structural geology |
|---|
| Stress, strain and material response; brittle and ductile deformation; nomenclature and classification of folds and faults |
Crystallography |
|---|
| Basic crystal symmetry and concept of point groups |
| Mineralogy-silicate crystal structure and determinative mineralogy of common rock forming minerals |
Petrology of common igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks |
|---|
Geological time scale |
|---|
Geochronology and absolute time |
|---|
Stratigraphic principles |
|---|
Major stratigraphic divisions of India |
|---|
Mineral, coal, and petroleum resources of India |
|---|
Introduction to remote sensing |
|---|
Engineering properties of rocks and soils |
|---|
Elements of hydrogeology |
|---|
Principles and applications of gravity, magnetic, electrical, electromagnetic, seismic, and radiometric methods of prospecting for oil, mineral, and ground water |
|---|
Introductory well logging |
|---|
Geology
Geology: Unit 01
Geomorphology |
|---|
| Geomorphic processes and agents; development and evolution of landforms in continental, and oceanic settings; tectonic geomorphology |
Structural geology |
|---|
| Forces and mechanism of rock deformation; primary and secondary structures; geometry and genesis of planar, and linear structures (bedding, cleavage, schistosity, lineation); folds, faults, joints, and unconformities; stereographic projection; shear zones |
| Thrusts and superposed folding; basement-cover relationship |
| Interpretation of geological maps |
Crystallography and mineralogy |
|---|
| Elements of crystal symmetry, form and twinning; crystallographic projection; crystal chemistry; classification of minerals, physical and optical properties of rock-forming minerals |
Geochemistry |
|---|
| Cosmic abundance of elements; meteorites; geochemical evolution of the earth; geochemical cycles; distribution of major, minor, and trace elements in crust and mantle; elements of high temperature and low temperature geochemical thermodynamics |
| Isotopic evolution of the crust and the mantle, mantle reservoirs; geochemistry of water and water-rock interaction |
Igneous petrology |
|---|
| Classification, forms, textures, and genesis of common igneous rocks; magmatic differentiation; binary and ternary phase diagrams; major and trace elements as monitors of partial melting and magma evolutionary processes |
| Mantle plumes, hotspots, and large igneous provinces |
Sedimentology |
|---|
| Texture, structure, and sedimentary processes; petrology of common sedimentary rocks; sedimentary facies and environments, cyclicities in sedimentary succession; provencance and basin analysis |
| Important sedimentary basins of India |
Metamorphic petrology |
|---|
| Structures and textures of metamorphic rocks |
| Physicochemical conditions of metamorphism and concept of metamorphic facies, grade and baric types; chemographic projections; metamorphism of pelitic, mafic and impure carbonate rocks; role of bulk composition including fluids in metamorphism |
| Thermobarometry and metamorphic P-T-t paths, and their tectonic significance |
Paleobiology |
|---|
| Diversity of life through time, mass extinctions-causes and effects; taphonomy-processes of fossilization |
| Taxonomy |
| Morphology and functional morphology of invertebrates (bivalves, brachiopods, gastropods, echinoids, ammonites); microfossils (foraminifera, ostracoda, conodonts, bryozoa); vertebrate paleonology (equus, probicidea, human) |
| Paleobotany (plant, spores, pollens) |
| Basic concepts of ecology/ paleoecology; classification-ecological and taxonomic schemes (diversity and richness) |
| Fossils and paleoenvironments |
Stratigraphy |
|---|
| Principles of stratigraphy and concepts of correlation; lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and chronostratigraphy |
| Principles of sequence stratigraphy and applications |
| Stratigraphy of peninsular and extra-peninsular India |
| Boundary problems in Indian stratigraphy |
Resource geology |
|---|
| Ore-mineralogy; ore forming processes vis-à-vis ore-rock association (magmatic, hydrothermal, sedimentary, supergene and metamorphogenic ores); fluid inclusions as ore genetic tools |
| Coal and petroleum geology; marine mineral resources |
| Prospecting and exploration of economic mineral deposits-sampling, ore reserve estimation, geostatistics, mining methods |
| Ore dressing and mineral economics |
| Distribution of mineral, fossil, and nuclear fuel deposits in India |
Global tectonics |
|---|
| Plate motions, driving mechanisms, plate boundaries, supercontinent cycles |
Applied geology |
|---|
| Physicomechanical properties of rocks and soils; rock index tests; rock failure criteria (Mohr-Coulomb, Griffith, and Hoek-Brown criteria); shear strength of rock discontinuities; rock mass classifications (RMR and Q Systems); in-situ stresses |
| Rocks as construction materials; geological factors in the construction of engineering structures including dams, tunnels, and excavation sites |
| Analysis of slope stability |
Natural hazards (landslide, volcanic, seismogenic, coastal) and mitigation |
|---|
Principles of climate change Hydrogeology |
|---|
| Groundwater flow and exploration, well hydraulics and water quality |
Basic principles of remote sensing |
|---|
| Energy sources and radiation principles, atmospheric absorption, interaction of energy with earth's surface, aerial-photo interpretation, multispectral remote sensing in visible, infrared, thermal IR and microwave regions |
| Digital processing of satellite images |
| GIS-basic concepts, raster and vector mode operations |
Geophysics
Geophysics: Unit 01
Solid-earth geophysics |
|---|
| The earth as a planet; different motions of the earth; gravity field of the earth, Clairaut's theorem, size and shape of earth; geomagnetic field, paleomagnetism; geothermics and heat flow; seismology and interior of the earth; variation of density |
| Velocity, pressure, temperature, electrical and magnetic properties of the earth |
Geodesy |
|---|
| Gravitational field of the earth; geoid; ellipsoid; geodetic reference systems; datum; Everest (1830) and WGS 84 (1984) systems; GPS and DGPS; levelling and surveying |
Earthquake Seismology |
|---|
| Elements of elasticity theory-stress and strain tensors, generalized Hooke's law; body and surface waves; rotational, dilatational, irrotational, and equivolumnal waves |
| Reflection and refraction of elastic waves; inhomogeneous and evanescent waves, and bounded waves; Eikonal equation and ray theory; earthquakes causes and measurements, magnitude and intensity, focal mechanisms; earthquake quantification |
| Source characteristics, seismotectonics, and seismic hazards; digital seismographs, earthquake statistics, wave propagation in elastic media, quantifying earthquake source from seismological data |
| Elements of seismic tomography |
Potential and time varying fields |
|---|
| Scalar and vector potential fields; Laplace, Maxwell, and Helmholtz equations for solution of different types of boundary value problems in Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical polar coordinates; Green's theorem; image theory |
| Integral equations in potential and time-varying field theory |
Gravity methods |
|---|
| Absolute and relative gravity measurements; gravimeters; land, airborne, shipborne, and bore-hole gravity surveys; tensorial gravity sensors and surveys; various corrections for gravity data reduction-free air, Bouguer, and isostatic anomalies |
| Density estimates of rocks; regional and residual gravity separation; principle of equivalent stratum; data enhancement techniques, upward and downward continuation; derivative maps, wavelength filtering; preparation and analysis of gravity maps |
| Gravity anomalies and their interpretation-anomalies due to geometrical and irregular shaped bodies, depth rules, calculation of mass |
Magnetic methods |
|---|
| Elements of Earth's magnetic field, units of measurement, magnetic susceptibility of rocks and measurements, magnetometers, and magnetic gradiometers, land, airborne and marine magnetic, and magnetic gradiometer surveys |
| Various corrections applied to magnetic data, IGRF, reduction to Pole transformation, Poisson's relation of gravity, and magnetic potential field, preparation of magnetic maps, upward and downward continuation |
| Magnetic anomalies due to geometrical and irregular shaped bodies; image processing concepts in processing of magnetic anomaly maps; depth rules; interpretation of processed magnetic anomaly data; derivative |
| Analytic signal and Euler depth solutions |
| Applications of gravity and magnetic methods for mineral, and oil exploration |
Electrical methods |
|---|
| Conduction of electricity through rocks, electrical conductivities of metals, non-metals, rock forming minerals and different rocks, concepts of DC resistivity measurement and depth of investigation; apparent resistivity and apparent chargeability |
| Concept of negative apparent resistivity and negative apparent chargeability; theory of reciprocity, sounding and profiling, various electrode arrangements, application of linear filter theory, sounding curves over multi-layered earth |
| Dar-Zarrouk parameters, reduction of layers, triangle of anisotropy, interpretation of resistivity field data, principles of equivalence and suppression, self-potential method and its origin; electrical resistivity tomography (ERT); induced polarization |
| Time and frequency domain IP measurements; interpretation and applications of SP, resistivity and IP data sets for ground-water exploration, mineral exploration, environmental and engineering applications |
Electromagnetic methods |
|---|
| Geoelectromagnetic spectrum; Biot Savart's law; Maxwell's equation, Helmholtz equation, basic concept of EM induction in the earth, skin-depth, elliptic polarization, in-phase and quadrature components, phasor diagrams |
| Response function and response parameters; ground and airborne methods, measurements in different source-receiver configurations; Earth's natural electromagnetic methods-tellurics, geomagnetic depth sounding and magnetotellurics |
| Electromagnetic profiling and sounding, time domain EM method; EM scale modelling, processing of EM data and interpretation; ground penetrating radar (GPR) methods; effect of conducting overburden; geological applications including groundwater |
| Mineral environmental and hydrocarbon exploration |
Seismic methods |
|---|
| Elastic properties of earth materials; reflection, refraction, and CDP surveys; land and marine seismic sources, generation, and propagation of elastic waves, velocity-depth models, geophones, hydrophones, digital recording systems, digital formats |
| Field layouts, seismic noise, and noise profile analysis, optimum geophone grouping, noise cancellation by shot and geophone arrays, 2D, 3D, and 4D seismic data acquisition, processing and interpretation; CDP stacking charts, binning, filtering |
| Static and dynamic corrections, digital seismic data processing, seismic deconvolution and migration methods, attribute analysis, bright and dim spots, seismic stratigraphy, high resolution seismics, VSP, AVO, multi |
| Component seismics and seismic interferometry |
| Reservoir geophysics-rock physics and petrophysics |
| Geophysical survey design |
Geophysical signal processing |
|---|
| Sampling theorem, Nyquist frequency, aliasing, Fourier series, periodic waveform, Fourier and Hilbert transform, Z-transform and wavelet transform; power spectrum, delta function, auto correlation, cross correlation, convolution, deconvolution |
| Principles of digital filters, windows, poles, and zeros |
Geophysical well logging |
|---|
| Principles and techniques of geophysical well-logging, SP, resistivity, induction, gamma ray, neutron, density, sonic, temperature, dip meter, caliper, nuclear magnetic resonance-longitudinal and transverse relaxation, CPMG sequence |
| Porosity characterization, cement bond logging, micro-logs |
| Pulsed neutron devices and spectroscopy; multi-array and triaxial induction devices; quantitative evaluation of formations from well logs; logging while drilling; high angle and horizontal wells; clay quantification; lithology and porosity estimation |
| Saturation and permeability estimation; application of bore hole geophysics in ground water, mineral, and oil exploration |
Radioactive methods |
|---|
| Prospecting and assaying of mineral (radioactive and non-radioactive) deposits, half-life, decay constant, radioactive equilibrium, GM counter, scintillation detector, semiconductor devices, application of radiometric for exploration |
| Assaying and radioactive waste disposal |
Geophysical Inversion |
|---|
| Basic concepts of forward and inverse problems, ill-posedness of inverse problems, condition number, non-uniqueness and stability of solutions; L1, L2, and Lp norms, overdetermined, underdetermined, and mixed determined inverse problems |
| Quasi-linear and non-linear methods including Tikhonov's regularization method, singular value decomposition, Backus-Gilbert method, simulated annealing, genetic algorithms, swarm intelligence, machine learning, and artificial neural networks |
| Statistics of misfit and likelihood, Bayesian construction of posterior probabilities, sparsity promoting L1 optimization |
| Ambiguity and uncertainty in geophysical interpretation |
GATE Instrumentation Engineering Syllabus
General aptitude
General aptitude: Unit 01
Verbal aptitude |
|---|
| Basic English grammar: Tenses, articles, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, verb-noun agreement, and other parts of speech |
| Basic vocabulary: Words, idioms, and phrases in context |
| Reading and comprehension |
| Narrative sequencing |
Quantitative aptitude |
|---|
| Data interpretation: Data graphs (bar graphs, pie charts, and other graphs representing data), 2- and 3-dimensional plots, maps, and tables |
| Numerical computation and estimation: Ratios, percentages, powers, exponents and logarithms, permutations and combinations, and series |
| Mensuration and geometry |
| Elementary statistics and probability |
Analytical aptitude |
|---|
| Logic: Deduction and induction |
| Analogy |
| Numerical relations and reasoning |
Spatial aptitude |
|---|