CEETA-PG Exam 2024 - Counselling (Started), Scorecard (Out), Result, Cutoff, Admission Process

Determinants and matrices
Solving system of equations, rank of the matrix, Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors, reduction of quadratic form to canonical form

Calculus and differential equations
Partial derivatives, Jacobians-Taylor’s expansion, maxima and minima
Linear ordinary differential equations with constant coefficients, simultaneous first order linear equations with constant coefficients
Formation of partial differential equation(PDE), solution of first order PDE, solution of linear higher order PDE with constant coefficients

Vector calculus
Double and triple integrations and their applications-gradient, divergence, Curl and Laplacian-Green’s, Gauss divergence and Stoke’s theorem

Functions of complex variables and complex integration
Analytic functions, conformal mapping, bilinear transformation, Cauchy’s integral theorem and integral formula, Taylor and Laurent series, singularities, residues, residue theorem and its applications

Transforms
Laplace transform, inverse transforms, application to solution of linear ordinary differential equations with constant coefficients
Fourier integral theorem, Fourier transform pair, sine and cosine transforms
Transform, inverse Z-transform, solution of difference equations using Z-transform

Numerical methods
Solution of linear system by direct and iterative methods, interpolation and approximation, numerical differentiation and integration, solving ordinary differential equations

Applied probability
Probability and random variables, standard discrete and continuous distribution, moments, moment generating function and their properties
Two-dimensional random variables, covariance, correlation and regression

Applied mechanics
Law of mechanics, Lame’s theorem, forces, moments and couples, displacement, velocity and acceleration, friction, moment of inertia

Mechanical engineering
Laws of thermodynamics, open and closed systems, equation of state, Heat and work

Physics
Sound, latices, ultrasonic flaw detector, X-ray radiography, interference fringes, Planck’s quantum theory, laser and fibre optics

Material science
Fracture, magnetic and dielectric materials, conductor and semiconductor materials, ceramic and superconductor materials

Civil engineering
Fluid statics and dynamics, boundary Layer, pumps and turbines, environmental pollution

Electrical engineering
Ohm’s law, Kirchhoff’s law, A.C. circuits, D.C. machines, transformers, synchronous machines, instrumentation

Computers
Computer organization, architecture, arrays, pointers, user defined function, C program

Chemistry
Adsorption, chromatography, chemical kinetics, electrochemistry, spectroscopy, fuels and combustion

Structural engineering
Mechanics: Stress-strain relationships, principal stresses and principal strain in two dimension and three dimension
Composite bars, composite beams, elastic constants
Beams and bending, shear force and bending moment diagrams, flexural and shear stresses
Slope and deflection of beams
Thin and thick cylinders
Torsion
Theories of failure, unsymmetrical bending, curved beams, theories of columns, combined direct and bending stresses
Combined direct and bending stresses

Structural analysis
Static and kinematic indeterminacy, energy principles, deflection of pin jointed plane frames, rigid frames
Classical method of analysis of indeterminate structures (slope deflection and moment distribution), matrix method
Arches and suspension bridges, influence line for determinate and indeterminate structures
Plastic analysis of structures

Building materials
Cement, concrete, properties of ingredients, mix design, quality control, special concrete, concreting methods, brick, brick masonry, stone, timber, steel

Concrete structures
Design methods, limit state design for beams, slabs, columns and footings, retaining walls, water tanks
Prestressed concrete, principles, methods, losses, deflection, design

Steel structures
Steel sections, connections, design of tension and compression members beams, column bases, plate girders and trusses

Soil mechanics and foundation engineering
Soil mechanics: Nature of soil, phase relationships, soil classification; soil water, static pressure, effective stress principle; permeability, seepage; stress distribution in soil consolidation (Terzaghi’s one dimension consolidation theory)
Soil mechanics: Compaction shear strength of soil Mohr-Coulomb theory, determination of shear strength by different methods; Slope stability analysis, protection measures
Foundation engineering: Site investigation, scope and objectives, drilling techniques, depth and spacing of boreholes, sampling techniques, penetration tests (SPT and SCPT), plate load test, selection of foundation; foundation types
Foundation engineering: Shallow foundation, bearing capacity (Terzaghi’s theory and BIS formula), allowable bearing pressure, bearing capacity from field tests, settlement of foundation, allowable settlement, codal provisions; design of foundations
Foundation engineering: Isolated, combined and raft foundation, pile foundations, static and dynamic pile driving formulae (engineering news and Hiley method), pile groups, capacity and settlement, codal provisions, pile load test
Foundation engineering: Negative friction on piles, earth pressure theories, earth pressure on retaining walls, stability analysis of retaining wall

Transportation engineering
Highway Planning: Road classification, geometric design of highways, construction of earth, WBM, bituminous and concrete roads, design of flexible and rigid pavements. Drainage of roads, maintenance of roads
Railways, airways, docks and harbour planning: Railway alignment components of permanent way, geometric design airport planning, components of airport, site selection, planning for terminal building, runways, harbour planning, components of harbour
Railways, airways, docks and harbour planning: Inland water transport
Traffic engineering: Traffic characteristics, traffic surveys, traffic signals, road markings and signs

Water resources engineering
Fluid mechanics and hydraulics: Properties of fluids, fluid statics and relative equilibrium, basic concepts of fluid flow, kinematics and dynamics, concept of system and control volume application to continuity, momentum and energy equations
Fluid Mechanics and hydraulics: Dimensional analysis and model studies, laminar and turbulent flow through pipes, boundary layers, steady uniform and gradually varied flow in open channels, rapidly varied flows
Fluid Mechanics and hydraulics: Turbines and pumps and positive displacement pumps

Hydrology and groundwater
Hydrometeorology
Hydrologic cycle
Precipitation and its measurements
Abstractions
Runoff estimation
Hydrograph analysis
Unit hydrograph
Hydrologic extremes floods and droughts
Rainwater harvesting
Properties of aquifer
Groundwater development
Gec norms
Well hydraulics
Steady and unsteady flows
Ground water quality
Irrigation Engineering: Irrigation system, national water policy, components of irrigation network, design of lined and unlined channels, waterways, head works, gravity dams and spillways, design of weirs on permeable foundation
Irrigation Engineering: Soil water relations, crop water requirements, irrigation scheduling and methods, duty, delta and base period, irrigation water quality, irrigation water management, participatory approach

Environmental engineering
Water and wastewater engineering; water requirements; water demand; quality standards; development of water supply source, conveyance system; basic unit processes and operations for water treatment; water distribution; sewage characteristics
Sewage treatment, primary and secondary treatment of sewage, sludge disposal, sewage disposal
Air pollution and control: Types of pollutants, their sources and impacts, air pollution meteorology, air pollution control, air quality standards and limits

Noise pollution and control
Impacts of noise, permissible limits of noise pollution, measurement of noise and control of noise pollution

Surveying
Chain surveying, compass surveying, plane table surveying, levelling, theodolite surveying, temporary and permanent adjustments for level and theodolite, trigonometric levelling, tacheometry, traversing, contouring, computation of areas and volumes
Curve Setting, simple, compound and reverse curves, transition curves, vertical curves, electromagnetic distance measurement, total station, construction surveying, hydrographic surveying, route survey, triangulation, astronomical survey

Applied probability and operations research
Random processes, probability distributions, queuing models and simulation, testing of hypothesis, design of experiments

Discrete mathematical structures
Formal language and automata-graph theory

Compiler design
Optimization, code generation, implementation, principles of programming languages, programming paradigms

Operating systems and system software
Process management, storage management, I/O systems, design and implementation of LINUX OS, assemblers, loaders, linkers, macro processors

Distributed systems
Communication and distributed environment, distributed operating systems, distributed shared memory, protocols, fault tolerance and distributed file systems, distributed object based systems

Programming and data structures
Problem solving techniques, trees, hashing and priority queues, sorting, graph, heap search

Algorithm analysis and design techniques
Dynamic programming, greedy algorithms, advanced algorithms, NP completeness and approximation algorithms

Microprocessors and microcontrollers-computer architecture and organization
Digital fundamentals, combinational circuits, synchronous and asynchronous sequential circuits, instruction set architecture (RISC,CISC,ALU design), instruction level parallelism, processing unit and pipelining, memory organization

Digital signal processing
FFT, filter design

Computer networks
Data communication systems, applications

Database management systems
Relational model, database design, implementation techniques, distributed databases, object oriented databases, object relational databases, data mining and data warehousing

Software engineering methodologies
Software product and processes, software requirements management, requirement engineering, elicitation, analysis, requirements development and validation, requirements testing, object oriented analysis and design, modular design, architectural design
User interface design, real time software design, system design, data acquisition system, software testing and quality assurance, SQA fundamentals, quality standards, quality metrics, software testing principles, defects, test case design strategies
Software quality and reusability, software project management, software cost estimation, function point models, software configuration management, software maintenance

Artificial intelligence
Intelligent agents, search strategies, knowledge representation, learning, applications

Mobile computing
Wireless communication fundamentals, telecommunication systems, wireless networks

Security in computing
Program security, security in operating systems, database and network security, scientific computing, information coding techniques, cryptography, network Security

Electrical circuits and fields
KCL, KVL, nodal and mesh analysis, transient response of D.C. and A.C. networks; sinusoidal steady-state analysis; resonance in electrical circuits; concepts of ideal voltage and current sources, network theorems
Driving point admittance and transfer functions of two port network, three phase circuits; fourier series and its application; Gauss theorem, electric field intensity and potential due to point, line plane and spherical charge distribution, dielectric
Capacitance calculations for simple configurations; Ampere’s and Biot-Savart’ law, inductance calculations for simple configurations

Electrical machines
Single phase transformer, equivalent circuit, phasor diagram, tests, regulation and efficiency; three phase transformer, connections; auto transformer; principles of energy conversion, windings of rotating machines
D.C. generators and motors-characteristics, starting and speed control, armature reaction and communication, three phase induction motors-performance characteristics, starting and speed control; single-phase induction motors; synchronous generators
Performance, regulation, synchronous motors, starting characteristics, applications, synchronous condensers; fractional horsepower motors, permanent magnet and stepper motors

Power systems
Electric power generation, thermal, hydro, nuclear; transmission line parameters; steady, state performance of overhead transmission lines and cables and surge propagation; distribution system, insulators, bundle conductors
Corona and radio interferences effects; per-unit quantities; bus admittance and impedance matrices; load flow; voltage control and power factor correction, economic operation; symmetrical components, analysis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults
Principle of over current, differential and distance protections; concepts and solid state relays and digital protection; circuit breakers; principles of system stability, swing curves and equal area criterion; hdvc system, principle of operation
Control and design consideration, HVDC circuit breaking; facts-reactive power control, uncompensated transmission line, series compensation, SVC, thyristor control, series capacitor, static synchronous compensator, UPFC and applications

Control systems
Principles of feedback; transfer function; block diagram; steady, state errors; stability-Routh and Nyquist criteria; bode plots; compensation; root loci; elementary state variable formulation
State transition matrix and response for linear time invariant systems

Power electronics and drives
Semiconductor power devices-diodes, transistors, thyristors, triacs, GTO, MOSFETs and IGBT-static characteristic and principles of operation; triggering circuits; phase control rectifiers; bridge converters-fully controlled and half controlled
Principles of choppers and inverters, basic concepts of adjustable speed D.C. and A.C. drives

Microprocessor and microcontrollers
Microprocessor: General 8 bit microprocessor architecture-8085, 8086 processor, architecture, memory, I/O interfacing, instruction set, addressing modes, timing diagram and delays, machine cycles, interrupts, counters, assembly language programming
Microcontrollers: 8 bit microcontroller-8051 architecture, bus configuration, instruction sets, programming and applications

Digital signal processing
Analog signals-sampling and aliasing, discrete time signals and systems, LTI systems, convolution sum-difference equation representation-Z transform and its inverse, discrete fourier series and Fourier transform, radix 2 FFT
Decimation in me and frequency, inverse DFT using FFT, analog Butterworth and Chebyshev filter design-IIR and FIR filter design and realization

High voltage engineering
Causes of overvoltages and its effects on power system, lightning, switching surges and temporary overvoltages, concepts of reflections and refraction of travelling waves
Dielectric breakdown, gaseous breakdown, vacuum breakdown, corona discharges generation of high voltage, high current and its measurements, D.C., A.C., impulse voltages and currents; high resistance with series ammeter–dividers, resistance
Capacitance and mixed dividers-peak voltmeter, CVT, electrostatic voltmeters, sphere gaps, high current shunts; high voltage testing of electrical power apparatus as per international and indian standards, insulation coordination

Electric energy, conservation and utilization
Fundamentals of electric drives, choice and applications; traction motors, characteristic features, electric braking train movement and energy consumption; design of illumination systems and various lighting schemes; electric heating methods
Electric welding, principles of the conversion of solar radiation into heat; solar collectors, flat-plate collectors, concentrating collector, cylindrical parabolic; wind energy conversion system, basic principles, site selection, basic components
Classification of WECS, types of wind machines

Circuit analysis
D.C. circuit analysis, Thevenin’s and Norton’s equivalent circuits, sinusoidal steady state analysis, transient and resonance in RLC circuits

Electronic devices
Diodes, bipolar junction transistors, FET, MOSFET, UJT, Thyristor

Electronic circuits
Small signal amplifiers using BJT and FET devices, large signal amplifiers, power supplies, feedback amplifiers, oscillators, pulse shaping circuits
Digital electronics: Logic gates, combinational circuits, sequential circuits
Linear integrated circuits: Operational amplifiers and its applications, PLL, voltage regulators, A/D and D/A converters
Measurements and instrumentation: Transducers, digital Instruments, display and recording systems
Microprocessor and its applications: Microprocessors-8085 and 8086 architectures and interfaces, microcontroller and applications

Electromagnetic fields
Static electric and magnetic fields, time varying electric and magnetic fields, Maxwell equations
Transmission lines and networks: Transmission line equations, impedance matching, filters
EM waves and waveguides: Guided waves, rectangular and cylindrical waveguides
Antennas and propagation: Aperture antennas, arrays, propagation of radio waves
Microwave engineering: Microwave tubes, semiconductor devices, passive components, microwave measurements

Communication theory and systems
AM, FM and PM, sampling and quantization, PCM, DM, ADM, multiplexing
Digital communication: Baseband signaling, band pass signaling, error control coding, spread spectrum techniques
Computer communication networks: Definition of layers, data link protocols, network interconnection, message routing technologies, end-end protocols

Optical communication
Optical fibers, optical transmitters and receivers

Signals and systems
Continuous time signals and systems, fourier transform, laplace transform, discrete time signals and systems-DTFT, DFT, Z-transform
Digital signal processing: IIR and FIR filters, realization and implementation, quantization effects
Control systems: Transfer function, time and frequency response analysis, stability analysis, state variable analysis

Mechanics, kinetics and dynamics
Statics of particles, equilibrium of rigid bodies, properties of surfaces and solids, dynamics of particles, friction and elements of rigid body dynamics, basics of mechanisms, gears and gear trains, friction in machine elements, force analysis
Balancing, single degree free vibration, forced vibration, mechanisms for control and vibration

Strength of materials and design
Stress, strain and deformation of solids, transverse loading on beams and stresses in beams, torsion, deflection of beams, energy principles, thin cylinders and thick cylinders, spherical shells
Fundamentals of design for strength and stiffness of machine members, design of shafts and couplings, design of fasteners and welded joints, design of springs, design of engine parts, design of bearings, design of flywheels
Design of transmission systems for flexible elements, spur gears and parallel axis helical gears, bevel gears, worm gears and crossed helical gears, design of gear boxes, design of CAM, clutches and brakes

CAD/ CAM/ CIM/ FEA
Fundamentals of computer graphics, geometric modeling, visual realism, assembly of parts, CAD standards, fundamentals of CIM, production planning and control and computerized process planning, cellular manufacturing
Flexible manufacturing system and automated guided vehicle system, industrial robotics, one dimensional problems in FEA, two dimensional scalar variable problems, two dimensional vector variable problems, isometric parametric formulation

Materials science and metallurgy
Constitution of alloys and phase diagrams, steels, cast iron, TTT diagram, heat treatment of ferrous and non-ferrous metal, surface modification techniques, non-metallic materials, mechanical properties
Testing, crystal defects and strengthening mechanisms, conducting and semiconducting materials, magnetic and dielectric materials, engineering ceramics, engineering and commodity polymers

Production technology
Foundry technology, hot and cold working, metal forming processes, metal joining processes, welding metallurgy, welding defects, metal cutting, center lathe and special purpose lathe, drilling, milling, grinding, gear cutting
Broaching unconventional machining processes, CNC machine tools, part programming

Metrology and measurements
Linear and angular measurements, interferometry, laser interferometers, types, computer aided inspection, basic concept of CMM, types of CMM, machine vision, form measurement, straightness flatness, roundness
Surface finish measurement, measurement of power, flow and temperature

Thermodynamics
Basic concepts, zeroth, first and second laws of thermodynamics; thermodynamic system and processes; Carnot cycle
Irreversibility and availability; behaviour of ideal and real gases, thermodynamic relations, properties of pure substances, calculation of work and heat in ideal processes; analysis of thermodynamic cycles related to energy conversion
Fuel and combustion

Heat and mass transfer
Modes of heat transfer; one dimensional heat conduction, resistance concept, electrical analogy, unsteady heat conduction, fins; dimensionless parameters in free and forced convective heat transfer
Various correlations for heat transfer in flow over flat plates and through pipes; thermal boundary layer; effect of turbulence; radiative heat transfer, black and grey surfaces, shape factors, network analysis; heat exchanger performance
IMTD and NTU methods
Basic concepts of mass transfer, diffusion mass transfer, Fick’s law of diffusion, steady state molecular diffusion, convective mass transfer, momentum, heat and mass transfer analogy, convective mass transfer correlations
Applications: Power engineering, steam tables, Rankine, Brayton cycles with regeneration and reheat, I.C. engines, air-standard otto, diesel cycles
Refrigeration and air-conditioning: Vapour refrigeration cycle, heat pumps, gas refrigeration, reverse Brayton cycle; moist air, psychrometric chart, basic psychrometric processes
Turbomachinery: Pelton-wheel, Francis and Kaplan turbines impulse and reaction principles, velocity diagrams

Fluid mechanics
Fluid properties; fluid statics, manometry, buoyancy; control-volume analysis of mass, momentum and energy; fluid acceleration; differential equations of continuity and momentum; Bernoulli’s equation; viscous flow of incompressible fluids
Boundary layer; elementary turbulent flow; flow through pipes, head losses in pipes, bends, etc

Mechanics
Statics of particles, equilibrium of rigid bodies, properties of surfaces and solids, dynamics of particles, friction and element of rigid body dynamics-basics of mechanism, kinematics of linkage mechanism, kinematics of CAM mechanism
Gears and gear trains, friction, force analysis, balancing and vibration

Strength of materials and design
Stress, strain and deformation of solids, transverse loading on beams and stresses in beams, deflection of beams, energy principles, thin cylinders and spherical resells torsion, fundamentals of design for strength and stiffness of machine members
Design of shaft and couplings, design of fasteners and welded joints, design of spring and engine parts, design of engine parts, bearing and flywheel, design of transmission system for flexible elements
Spur gears and parallel axis helical gears, bevel, worm gears and crossed helical gears, design of gear boxes, design of cam, clutches and brakes

Thermodynamics
Basic concepts and first law, second law, entropy and availability, properties of steam, air standard cycles, otto, diesel and dual cycles, air compressors, Rankine cycle
Brayton cycle, stream turbines, gas turbine , steam nozzle, refrigeration and air conditioning, conduction, phase change heat transfer and heat exchangers, radiation
Refrigeration cycles, refrigerants, system components, VAR, psychrometry, air conditioning system

Production technology
Foundry technology, hot and cold working, forging, principles and application of joining process, centre lathe and special purpose lathes, reciprocating machines, milling machines and gear cutting, cnc machine tools, part programming

Automotive chassis
Front axle types front wheel geometry condition for true rolling motion steering geometry Ackermann and Davis steering
Types of steering gear box
Propeller shaft universal joints
Final drive differential types
Type of brakes and constructional details
types of suspension, independent suspension-front and rear rubber, pneumatic, hydro-elastic suspension

Automotive transmission
Construction and operation of friction clutches
Different types of gear boxes
Fluid couplings and torque converters
Wilson gear box
Hydrostatic drive systems
Electric drive
Continuously variable transmission (CVT), types of car bodies classification of bus bodies

Vehicle body engineering
Body optimization techniques for minimum drag
Wind tunnel technology
Classification of vibration, definitions, single degree of freedom, free, forced and damped vibrations
Rolling resistance, cornering properties of tyres
Directional stability of vehicle choice of suspension spring rate calculation of effective spring rate
Vehicle suspension in FORE and AFT
Vehicle ride model, load distribution

Automotive electrical and electronics
Types of batteries, principle, construction, starting system
D.C. generators and alternators
Regulations for charging electronic ignition systems
Types of sensors and actuators for automobiles
Microprocessor controlled devices in automobiles
Components for electronic engine management system
PID control types of solid state ignition systems and their operation
Fuel control maps open loop control of fuel injection and closed loop lambda control-integrated engine control system
Onboard diagnosis system

Pollution and Control
Emission formation in SI and CI engines
Effects of design and operating variables controlling techniques constant volume sampling systems
Measurement techniques of HC, CO, NOX and smoke emission
Dilution tunnel and sound level meters

Alternate fuels
Properties alcohols, vegetable oils, biogas natural gas LPG and hydrogen as engine fuels methods of using all the fuels in SI and CI engines
Performance, emission and combustion behaviour of the fuels in SI and CI engines

Fluid flow equations
Incompressible viscous and inviscid flows, dimensional analysis, fluid machinery, basic concepts in thermodynamics, basics of propulsion and heat transfer, air standard cycles, properties of pure substance, stresses in beams, deflection of beams, torsion
Springs and columns, biaxial stress system, statically determinate and indeterminate structures, energy methods, failure theories, induced stresses basic aspects of boundary layer theory, flow through compressors, combustion chambers
Gas turbines and nozzles of gas turbine engines, unsymmetrical bending, shear flow in open and closed sections, Buckling of plates and stress analysis, fundamentals of computational fluid dynamics, grid generation
Time dependent methods and finite volume methods, finite element methods, discrete
Continuum and isoparametric elements, field problem and method of solutions, composite materials

Basics of flight mechanics
Aircraft configurations, airplane structures, airplane power plants, airplane control systems, aircraft instruments, aircraft engine, air conditioning and pressurization system, airfoil theory, subsonic wing theory, steady level flight
Gliding and climbing flight and accelerated flight of airplanes, fundamentals of hypersonic air breathing and rocket propulsion systems, stability and control of airplanes, fundamentals of supersonic flows, high speed flows over airfoils
Wings and airplanes, experimental techniques for high speed flows

Building materials, construction and technology
Lime, brick, stone, clay products; timber, industrial timber; paints and varnishes, concrete, special concrete and lightweight concrete; ferrous metals; non ferrous metals; glass; plastics; eco friendly materials
Thermal insulation materials and acoustic materials construction techniques and practices using the above listed materials; damp and waterproofing; pest control; construction systems and equipment; pre-stressed concrete and tensile structures
Grids domes; folded plates; flat slabs, low cost construction and appropriate technologies

History of architecture
Indian architecture: Hindu and Islamic; Indo saracenic; secular architecture of the princely states; colonial and post independence architecture; works of masters such as Charles correa; BV Doshi; Ananth Raje; Raj Rewal; Laurie Baker; Nari Gandhi
Indian architecture: Works of masters such as Kanvinde
Western architecture: Ancient Greek and Rome; early Christian; Gothic and renaissance; baroque; neoclassicism; Chicago school and development of skyscraper
Modern architecture: Art and crafts; art nouveau; expressionism and Cubism; Bauhaus; international style; postmodernism and deconstructivism; critical regionalism; theories and projects of FL Wright; Le Corbusier; Gaudi; Gropius; Aalto; Mies; Eisenmann
Modern architecture: Zaha Hadid; Soleri; Hasan fathy; Ando; Bawa; Gehry; Libeskind; Toyo Ito; Louis Kahn; Tschumi; Greg lynn; Asymptote

Theory and principles of architecture
Elements and ordering principles; organisation of form and space; design methodology and creative thinking; pattern language; contemporary process, diagrams, shape grammar, fractals, digital hybrid, liquid architecture

Building services
Water supply and distribution systems, water and waste management; sewerage system; electrical systems; illumination and lighting; air conditioning; fire safety; building automation and ibms

Building Science
Climate responsive architecture; design of solar shading devices; acoustics and building design; architecture and energy-active and passive solar architecture, day lighting and natural ventilation, landscape designs; landscape and environment control

Housing; urban design and town planning
National housing policy; Indira Awas Yojana; housing standards; housing projects in India; urban morphology of early and contemporary cities; case studies on urban revitalization from developed and developed economies; planning concepts-Patrick Geddes
Planning concepts-Ebenezer Howard, Le corbusier, CA Perry; urban planning, regional planning and urban renewal in the Indian context

Machine design
Design and selection of machine elements, gears, pulleys, chains and sprockets and belts; shafts and couplings, temporary and permanent joints, energy storing elements and engine components, bearings, measurement of force, torque, speed
Displacement and acceleration on machine elements

Farm machinery
Soil tillage forces acting on a tillage tool; hitch systems and hitching of tillage implements; functional requirements, principles of working, construction and operation of manual, animal and power operated equipment for tillage, Sowing, planting
Fertilizer application, intercultivation, spraying, mowing, chaff cutting, harvesting, threshing and transport; calculation of performance parameters, field capacity, efficiency, application rate and losses; cost analysis of implements and tractors

Sources of power
Sources of power on the farm, human, animal mechanical, electrical, wind, solar and biomass; bio-fuels

Farm power
Thermodynamic principles of IC engines; IC engine cycles; engine components; fuels and combustion; lubricants and their properties; IC engine systems, fuel, cooling, lubrication, ignition, electrical, intake and exhaust

Tractors and power tillers
Type, selection, maintenance, and repair of tractors and power tillers; tractor clutches and brakes; power transmission systems, gear trains, differential, final drives and power take-off; mechanics of tractor chassis; traction theory
Three point hitches; mechanical steering and hydraulic control systems used in tractors

Fluid mechanics
Ideal and real fluids, properties of fluids; hydrostatic pressure and its measurement; hydrostatic forces on plane and curved surface; continuity equation; Bernoulli’s theorem; laminar and turbulent flow in pipes
Darcy-Weisbach and Hazen Williams equations, Moody’s diagram; flow through orifices and notches; flow in open channels

Soil mechanics
Engineering properties of soils; fundamental definitions and relationships; index properties of soils permeability and seepage analysis; shear strength, Mohr’s circle of stress, active and passive earth pressures; stability of slopes

Hydrology
Hydrological cycle and components; meteorological parameters, their measurement and analysis of precipitation data; runoff estimation; hydrograph analysis, unit hydrograph theory and application; stream flow measurement; flood routing

Surveying and leveling
Measurement of distance and area; instruments for surveying and leveling; chain surveying, methods of traversing; measurement of angles and bearings, plane table surveying; types of leveling; theodolite traversing; contouring

Erosion control
Mechanics of soil erosion, soil erosion types, wind and water erosion, factors affecting erosion; soil loss estimation; biological and engineering measures to control erosion; terraces and bunds; vegetative waterways
Gully control structures, drop, drop inlet and chute spillways; earthen dams; land use capability classification; rainwater harvesting structures, check dams and farm ponds

Soil-water–plant relationship
Water requirement of crops; consumptive use and evapotranspiration; measurement of infiltration, soil moisture and irrigation water infiltration

Irrigation engineering
Design of irrigation channels and underground pipelines; irrigation scheduling; surface, sprinkler and micro irrigation methods, design and evaluation of irrigation methods; irrigation efficiencies

Agricultural drainage
Drainage coefficient; planning, design and layout of surface and subsurface drainage systems; leaching requirement and salinity control; irrigation and drainage water quality and reuse

Groundwater hydrology
Groundwater occurrence; Darcy’s Law, steady flow in confined and unconfined aquifers, evaluation of aquifer properties; groundwater recharge

Wells and pumps
Types of wells, steady flow through wells; classification of pumps; pump characteristics; pump selection and installation

Drying
Steady state heat transfer in conduction, convection and radiation; psychrometry; concentration and drying of liquid foods-evaporators, tray, drum and spray dryers; hydrothermal treatment; drying and milling of cereals, pulses and oilseeds

Size reduction and conveying
Mechanics and energy requirement in size reduction of granular solids, particle size analysis for comminuted solids; size separation by screening; pneumatic, bucket, screw and belt conveying; cleaning and grading; effectiveness of grain cleaners
Centrifugal separation of solids, liquids and gases

Storage systems
Controlled and modified atmosphere storage; godowns, bins and grains silos

Preservation of food
Water activity, sorption and desorption isotherms; kinetics of microbial death, pasteurization and sterilization of milk and other liquid foods; preservation of food by cooling and freezing

Systems analysis
Linear programming, irrigation water allocation, cropping pattern optimization; dynamic programming, application to design and operation of reservoirs, irrigation management; simulation, application to irrigation scheduling; decision support systems

IT in agricultural systems
Precision farming; crop production modeling; on-line measurement of plant growth in the greenhouse, models of plants production and expert systems in horticulture; e-governance, e-commerce, e-business systems and applications
Technology enhanced learning systems and solutions

Management of water resources
IWRM framework, emerging issues in water management, watershed development, capacity building; participatory approach, water users association, farmers association, CADP, water delivery systems, people’s participation

Bioprocess engineering
Analysis of STR, analysis of other configurations, bioreactor scale-up, modeling and simulation of bioprocesses, bioreactor considerations in enzyme systems

Cell and molecular biology
Cells, cell lines, cell culture, cell organelles and its functions, types of cell divisions, cell cycle and its regulation mechanism, transport mechanism (passive, active, atpase pumps and na+ /k+ pumps), receptors, signal transduction
Models of signal amplification secondary messengers, structure of nucleic acids, replication, transcription, translation and DNA repair mechanism in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, promoters, enhancers and transcription factors
Genetic codes and lac and trp operons

Biochemistry and microbiology
Structure, function and metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins, enzymes and its mechanism
Electron transport chain system, high energy compound and reducing equivalents
History of microbiology
Classification of microorganism, structural organization and multiplication of microorganism
Physical and chemical control of microorganisms, primary and secondary metabolites and their applications

Genetic engineering
Genes, control of gene expression, restriction enzymes, vectors (prokaryotic and eukaryotic) construction of cDNA and genomic library, screening of DNA libraries, RACE, PCR, RAPD, RFLP, AFLP, site directed mutagenesis, methods of nucleic acid sequencing
Cloning vectors in plants, transgenic and knockout animals

Immunology
Immune system, immunity, lymphoid organs, antigens, adjutants, types of immune response, activation and different ion of t-cells and b-cells, antibodies, genes and generation of diversity, monoclonal antibodies
MHC APC, regulation of t-cell and b-cell responses
Immunity to viruses, bacteria fungi and parasites, cytokines, complements, immunosuppression, allergy and hypersensitivity
Vaccines, transplantation, tumor, immunology, autoimmunity and autoimmune disorders

Bioinformatics
Search engines and algorithms, data management, data technology, biological databases and their uses
Pairwise sequence alignment (local and global), multiple sequence alignment, dot matrix, dynamic programming and Bayesian methods
BLAST, FASTA, machine learning and hidden Markov models
Phylogenetic tree analysis, bimolecular and cellular computing, microarray analysis and system biology

Physiology
Cell, cell potentials, sodium potassium pump, joints, respiratory mechanism conducting system of heart, volume and pressure changes, regulation of heart rate, structure of neuron conduction of action potential in neuron, brain lobes

Biochemistry
Carbohydrates, structural importance, metabolic pathways and metabolic disorders, lipid chemistry, its metabolic pathways and disorders

Circuit analysis
D.C. circuit analysis, Thevenin’s and Norton’s equivalent circuits, sinusoidal steady state analysis, transient and resonance in RLC circuits

Electron devices and circuits
Diodes, bipolar junction transistor, FET, MOSFET, UJT, thyristor, feedback amplifier, oscillators, differential amplifier, common mode and difference mode analysis

Digital electronics
Logic gates, combinational circuits, sequential circuits

Linear integrated circuits
Operational amplifiers and its applications, voltage regulators, A/D and D/A converters

Microprocessor and applications
Microprocessors, 8085 and 8086 architectures and interfaces, microcontrollers and applications

Signals and systems
Continuous time signals and systems, fourier transform, laplace transform, discrete time signals and systems, DTFT, DFT, Z transforms

Digital signal processing
IIR and FIR filters, realisation and implementation

Control systems
Transfer function, time and frequency response analysis, stability analysis

Communication theory
AM, FM, PM, sampling and quantisation, TDM, FDM, entropy, Huffman coding, FDMA, TDMA

Biomedical instrumentation
Strain gauge, applications, capacitive transducer, RTD, scintillation counter, photomultiplier tube, phototransistor, piezoelectric transducer, thermal recorder, indirect measurement of blood pressure, Ph electrode, GSR, spirometer, electrodes,
Half cell potential, offset potential, types of electrodes and their equivalent circuits, artifacts during biopotential recording, characteristics of bio amplifier, ECG and EEG, lead system

Bio medical equipment
Blood cell counter, holter monitor, pacemaker and types, need for defibrillator, types of defibrillator, biofeedback, waveforms in stimulators, need for telemetry, modulation schemes used in telemetry
Parameters to be monitored in heart lung machine and hemodialysis units, tissue response to different types of diathermy, physiological effects of electricity

Bio mechanics
Elasticity, viscoelasticity, flow properties of blood, mechanical properties of bones, types of joints, lubrication of joints

Medical imaging systems
Ionising radiation and non ionising radiation, effects, cavitation effect, types of radioactive decay, interaction with matter
Attenuation, annihilation, compton scattering, production of X-ray, radiation units, Roentgen, Gray Sievert, CT generations, mr signal generation, T1 and T2 relaxation processes, doppler shift, ultrasound echo generation, PACS

Fluids mechanics and particle technology
Classification of fluids, flow patterns, manometry, continuity equation, Navier-stokes’ equation, Bernoulli equation, dimensional analysis, flow through pipes, boundary layer concepts, flow through fixed and fluidized beds, pumps
Classification affinity laws, performance curves
Characteristics of solids, size analysis, screening, storage, conveyance, size reduction, classifier, centrifuges, cyclones, filtration, mixing and agitation

Chemical technology and process calculations
Gas calculations, material balance and energy balance, steady and unsteady state, humidity and saturation, combustion, thermochemistry, role of chemical engineers in process industry, cement, glass and ceramic industries, paper industry
Oil, soap, petroleum refining and petrochemicals, polymer industry, fertilizers, food industry, other important process industries

Thermodynamics and kinetics
Laws of thermodynamics, PVT behaviour of fluids, thermodynamic formulations, compression of fluids, phase equilibria, application of the correlation and prediction free energy change and reaction equilibria
Refrigeration-principles, performance, reaction rate, laws, theories, analysis
Design of reactors, factors affecting design, thermal reactors and rates of heat exchanges
Non-ideal reactors, heterogeneous reactors and solid catalysts, gas, solid catalytic reactors, gas-solid non-catalytic reactors, gas-liquid reactors

Heat and mass transfer
Modes of heat transfer, heat conduction- steady and unsteady state, natural and forced convection, heat transfer to fluids with phase change, heat transfer coefficients
Diffusion, mass transfer coefficients, humidification, drying, absorption, distillation, extraction, leaching, crystallization, adsorption and ion exchange, analogies

Process control and computer applications in chemical engineering
Open loop systems, closed loop systems, frequency response, advanced control systems, instrumentation
Application of spreadsheet packages in chemical engineering, process flow sheeting, development of software for design of equipments
Dynamic programming in chemical engineering

Organic and surface chemistry
Carbohydrates, oils, fats and waxes, heterocyclic compounds, proteins, dyes and dyeing, pharmaceutical chemistry
Adsorption, types, adsorption of gases over solids, isotherms, applications, ion exchange, adsorption chromatography, catalysis types, equations

Environmental Pollution and Control
Various methods of reduction of pollution, types of pollution, air pollution- sources and effects, control techniques, sources and effects, control techniques, soil pollution, sources and effects, control techniques and solid waste disposal

Physical chemistry
Structure: Hydrogen and hydrogen-like atoms, atomic orbitals; radial distribution function. multielectron atoms equilibrium, laws of thermodynamics, standard states
Equilibrium: Laws of thermodynamics. Standard states, thermochemistry, thermodynamic functions and their relationships: Gibbs-Helmholtz and Maxwell relations, Gibbs-Duhem equation, Van’t Hoff equation, criteria of spontaneity and equilibrium
Equilibrium: Absolute entropy, partial molar quantities, standard electrode potentials and electrochemical cells. Nernst Equation and its application, relationship between electrode potential and thermodynamic quantities
Equilibrium: Potentiometric and conductometric titrations, phase rule. Clausius- Clapeyron equation, phase diagram of one component systems: Co, H2o, S; two component systems: Liquid- vapour, liquid-liquid and solid-liquid systems
Kinetics: Elementary, parallel, opposing and consecutive reactions, steady state approximation, mechanisms of complex reactions. Unimolecular reactions. Transition state theory: Eyring equation, thermodynamic aspects
Kinetics: Catalysis concepts and enzyme catalysis, kinetic isotope effects, fast reaction kinetics: Relaxation and flow methods. Diffusion controlled reactions. Kinetics of photochemical and photophysical processes
Surfaces and interfaces: Physisorption and chemisorption. Langmuir, Freundlich and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) isotherms. Surface catalysis: Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism

Inorganic chemistry
Main group elements: Hydrides, halides, oxides, oxoacids, nitrides, sulfides, shapes and reactivity, structure and bonding of boranes, carboranes, silicones, silicates, boron nitride, borazines and phosphazenes
Main group elements: Acid-base concepts and principles (Lewis, Bronsted, Hsab and acid-base catalysis)
Transition elements: Coordination chemistry-structure and isomerism, theories of bonding (VBT,CFT, and MOT). Energy level diagrams in various crystal fields, CFSE, applications of CFT, Jahn-Teller distortion
Transition elements: Electronic spectra of transition metal complexes, spectroscopic term symbols, selection rules, Orgel and Tanabe-Sugano diagrams, nephelauxetic effect and Racah parameter, charge transfer spectra
Transition elements: Magnetic properties of transition metal complexes
Lanthanides and actinides: Recovery. Periodic properties, spectra and magnetic properties
Organometallics: 18-electron rule; metal-alkyl, metal-carbonyl, metal-olefin and metal-carbene complexes and metallocenes. Fluxionality in organometallic complexes. Types of organometallic reactions
Organometallics: Homogeneous catalysis-hydrogenation, hydroformylation, acetic acid synthesis, metathesis and olefin oxidation. Heterogeneous catalysis, Fischer, Tropsch reaction, Ziegler-Natta polymerization
Radioactivity: Detection of radioactivity, decay processes, half-life of radioactive elements, fission and fusion processes
Solids: Crystal systems and lattices, miller planes, crystal packing, crystal defects, Bragg’s law, ionic crystals, structures of AX, AX2, ABX3 type compounds, spinels, band theory, metals and semiconductors

Organic chemistry
Stereochemistry: Chirality and symmetry of organic molecules with or without chiral centres and determination of their absolute configurations. Relative stereochemistry in compounds having more than one stereogenic centre
Stereochemistry: Homotopic, enantiotopic and diastereotopic atoms, groups and faces, stereoselective and stereospecific synthesis
Reaction mechanisms: Nucleophilic and electrophilic substitution reactions (both aromatic and aliphatic). Addition reactions to carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom (n and o) multiple bonds, elimination reactions. Reactive intermediates-carbocations
Reaction mechanisms: Reactive intermediates-carbanions, carbenes, nitrenes, arynes and free radicals. Molecular rearrangements
Pericyclic reactions and photochemistry: Electrocyclic, cycloaddition and sigmatropic reactions, orbital correlations-FMO and PMO treatments, Woodward-Hoffmann rule. Photochemistry of alkenes, arenes and carbonyl compounds
Pericyclic reactions and photochemistry: Photooxidation and photoreduction. Di-n-methane rearrangement, Barton-MC Combie reaction, Norrish type-I and II cleavage reaction
Heterocyclic compounds: Structure, preparation, properties and reactions of furan, pyrrole, thiophene, pyridine, indole, quinoline and isoquinoline

Physical geology and geomorphology
Weathering process, kinds, products. internal structure of the earth, fundamentals of plate tectonics
Landforms produced by river, winds, glacier and sea
Drainage pattern, drainage index, geomorphic features

Mineralogy, petrology, stratigraphy, paleontology and structural geology
Physical properties of industrial minerals classification, origin and description of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks
Origin of Himalayas major earth geological events through time scale
Origin of life, types of fossils evolution of mammals and man
Joints, folds, faults and structures

Economic geology, ore geology, geochemistry
Origin, occurrence and distribution of economic mineral deposits-iron, manganese, gold, zinc, graphite, lead, coal and petroleum deposits
Ore-dressing, ore-reserves, estimation
Major elements, application in environmental studies REE-its implication in genesis/ provenance of rocks

Remote sensing, geophysics and hydrogeology
Sensors and platforms-indian remote sensing, spectral system characterizes of rocks and minerals, photogeology, photogrammetry, hydrogeology, groundwater, occurrence, movement, aquifer, field parameters and lab methods of estimations

Engineering geology, environment geology and marine geology
Engineering properties of rock
Geological investigation required for dam, tunnel, highways and building constructions
Renewable and non-renewable resources, pollution
Continental and marine environmental studies
Ocean features, physical, chemical and biological resources of the ocean

Food chemistry and nutrition
Carbohydrates, protein and lipids and its functional properties, pigments, food flavors, enzyme activity, enzymatic and non-enzymatic browning
Nutrition: Balanced diet, essential amino acids and essential fatty acids, water soluble and fat soluble vitamins, role of minerals in nutrition, co-factors, anti-nutrients, nutraceuticals, food acids, moisture relations in food
Nutrition: Chemical and biochemical changes during processing and storage
Food additives, role of of JECFA in safety assessment of food additives, definition, chemical structure, role in food processing and product end characteristics, nutritional disorders, diet therapy, probiotic and prebiotic foods
Therapeutic, organic foods, nutraceutical and functional foods

Food microbiology, food analysis, safety and quality management
Characteristics and morphology of microorganisms, microbial growth, importance of microorganisms in food, primary sources in food, intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of food affecting microbial growth, microbial spoilage of foods
Fermented and microbial foods-food borne diseases and safety, toxins from microbes, natural contaminants and health hazards associated with foods
Food analytical methods, statistical evaluation of analytical data, principle and methods for subjective and objective quality evaluation of foods, measurement techniques and instruments for food quality determination
Destructive and non-destructive quality evaluation, international and national food laws and standards

Food product processing and preservation technology
High temperature processing, use of non-thermal technologies for preservation properties, processing and preservation of milk and milk products, meat products, fish and egg products, fruit and vegetable products
Fermented foods and beverages from fruit and vegetables, aerated drinks, processing of cereal, pulse and oilseed products, spices and plantation crops processing, extraction of essential oils and oleoresins and encapsulation technologies
Value addition and byproducts utilizations

Fluid mechanics and process calculations
Classification of fluids, flow patterns, dimensional and non-dimensional analysis, flow through pipes, flow through fixed and fluidized beds, turbines and pumps
Principles of stoichiometry-material balance and energy balance, stoichiometric principles and application heat capacity of solids, liquids, gases and solutions

Food engineering, process control and food packaging
Heat transfer, momentum transfer, mass transfer, unit operations, membrane separation processes, mechanical separation process, thermal operations, thermodynamics, refrigeration-principles and applications, cold chain logistics
Engineering properties of food, food plant equipment design, static and dynamic characteristics of instruments, open loop systems, closed loop systems, frequency response, advanced control systems,instrumentation food packaging
Materials and their properties, equipment, testing, and its applications
Recent trends in packaging, labelling requirements

Surveying
Chain surveying, compass surveying, plane table surveying, levelling, theodolite surveying, temporary and permanent adjustments for level and theodolite, trigonometric levelling, tacheometry, traversing, contouring, computation of areas and volumes
Curve setting simple, compound and reverse curves, transition curves, vertical curves, construction surveying, hydrographic surveying, route survey, triangulation, astronomical survey, electromagnetic distance measurement, total station and GPS surveying
Adjustment of errors in surveying

Remote sensing
Components of RS, electromagnetic spectrum, wave theory, particle theory, Stefan Boltzmann law and Wien’s law, radiation sources, radiation quantities, EMR interaction with atmosphere and earth materials, platforms and sensors
Data product types-digital data file formats, resolution concept, elements of visual interpretation, interpretation keys
Advanced remote sensing: Principles, characteristics and applications of thermal, hyperspectral, microwave and LIDAR images

Digital image processing
Sources of image degradation and correction procedures, preprocessing, image enhancement techniques, image classification, spectral discrimination, pattern recognition concepts, Bayes approach, signature and training sets, separability test
Supervised classification minimum distance to mean, parallelepiped, MLC, unsupervised classifiers, isodata means, support vector machine, segmentation (spatial, spectral), tree classifiers accuracy assessment
Advanced classifiers, fuzzy set classification, sub, pixel classifier, hybrid classifiers, texture based classification, object based classifiers, artificial neural net, hebbian learning, expert system types and examples, knowledge systems

Photogrammetry
Types of photographs, photographic overlaps, film, based and digital aerial cameras, construction, camera accessories, camera calibration, geometric properties of aerial photographs, stereo plotters and orientation, aerotriangulation, terrain modeling
Orthophoto digital photogrammetry work station and its components, analytical stereoplotters vs digital, photogrammetry, workstation basic system function, storage system, stereoscopic viewing and measuring system, photogrammetry project planning
Other acquisition systems, UAV, Terrestrial imaging, oblique photography, close range photogrammetry, terrestrial and mobile LIDAR images

Cartography
Functions, uses and types of maps, map scales and contents, map projections, shape, distance, area and direction properties, map coordinate systems, elements of a map, map layout principles, symbols and conventional signs, map lettering
Map production and reproduction, map generalization, geometric transformations
Digital cartography: Data capture and representation, digital map design, geovisualization, digital map modelling

Geographical information system
Components of a GIS, data and attributes, scales/levels of measurements, spatial data models, raster and vector data structures, data entry, scanner raster data input, raster data file formats, georeferencing, vector data input, digitiser, datum
Projection and reprojection, coordinate transformation, topology, adjacency, connectivity and containment, topological consistency, non topological file formats, attribute data linking, linking external databases
GPS data integration, raster to vector and vector to raster conversion, data quality, completeness, logical consistency, positional accuracy, temporal accuracy, thematic accuracy and lineage, metadata, GIS standards, interoperability, OGC, spatial data
Infrastructure, data output, map compilation, chart/ graphs
Spatial analysis and applications: Raster analysis, vector analysis, network analysis surface and geostatistical analysis, customization, web GIS, mobile mapping

RS and GIS applications
RS and GIS applications in the fields of agriculture and forestry, urban planning, hydrology and water resources, oceanography, geology, meteorology, environmental management, climate change and disaster mitigation and management

Electrical circuits
Voltage and current sources: Independent, dependent, ideal and practical; V-I relationships of resistor, inductor, and capacitor; transient analysis of RLC circuits with DC excitation
Kirchoff’s laws, mesh and nodal analysis, superposition, Thevenin, Norton, maximum power transfer and reciprocity theorems
Peak, average and RMS values of AC quantities; apparent, active and reactive powers; phasor analysis, impedance and admittance, series and parallel resonance, realization of basic filters with R, L and C elements
One-port and two-port networks, driving point impedance and admittance, open-circuit, and short circuit parameters

Signals and systems
Periodic, aperiodic and impulse signals; laplace, fourier and z-transforms; transfer function, time, response and frequency response of first and second order linear time invariant systems; convolution and correlation
Discrete time system, impulse response, frequency response, pulse transfer function; DFT and FFT; basics of IIR and FIR filters

Analog electronics
Characteristics and applications of diode, zener diode, bjt and mosfet; small signal analysis of transistor circuits; feedback amplifiers characteristics of operational amplifiers
Applications of Op Amps: difference amplifier, adder, subtractor, integrator, differentiator, instrumentation amplifier, precision rectifier, active filters and other circuits
Oscillators, signal generators, voltage controlled oscillators and phase locked loop

Digital electronics
Combinational logic circuits, minimization of boolean functions; IC families: TTL and CMOS; arithmetic circuits, comparators, schmitt trigger, multi-vibrators, sequential circuits, flip-flops, shift registers, timers and counters
Sample-and-hold circuit, multiplexer, analog-to-digital (successive approximation, integrating, flash and sigma-delta) and digital-to-analog converters (weighted R and R-2R ladder)
Characteristics of ADC and DAC (resolution, quantization, significant bits, conversion/ settling time)
8-bit microprocessor and microcontroller: applications, memory and input-output interfacing; basics of data acquisition systems

Measurements
SI units, systematic and random errors in measurement, expression of uncertainty, accuracy and precision, propagation of errors; PMMC, MI and dynamometer type instruments; D.C. potentiometer; bridges for measurement of R, L and C; Q-meter
Measurement of voltage, current and power in single and three phase circuits; true rms meters; instrument transformers; time, phase and frequency measurements; digital voltmeter and digital multimeter; oscilloscope; shielding and grounding

Sensors and industrial instrumentation
Resistive, capacitive, inductive, piezoelectric, Hall effect sensors and associated signal conditioning circuits; transducers for industrial instrumentation: displacement (linear and angular), velocity, acceleration, force, torque, vibration, shock
Pressure (including low pressure), flow (differential pressure, variable area, electromagnetic, ultrasonic, turbine and open channel flow meters) temperature (thermocouple, RTD (3/4 wire), thermistor, pyrometer and semiconductor)
Liquid level, pH, conductivity and viscosity measurement

Analytical instrumentation
Spectral methods of analysis, spectrophotometers, sampling systems, source detectors and applications; conductivity and Ph meters; chromatography; NMR and X-ray spectroscopy; GM and proportional counters; mass spectrometer

Communication and optical instrumentation
Amplitude and frequency modulation and demodulation; Shannon's sampling theorem; frequency and time division multiplexing; digital communication, PCM, DPC, amplitude, phase, frequency, pulse shift keying for digital modulation
Optical sources and detectors: LED, laser, photodiode, light dependent resistor and their characteristics; basics of fiber optic sensing

Control system and computer control of processes
Feedback principles, signal flow graphs, transient response, steady-state-errors, bode plot, phase and gain margins; Routh and Nyquist criteria, root loci, design of lead, lag and lead-lag compensators, state-space representation of systems
Time-delay systems; mechanical, hydraulic and pneumatic system components, Synchro-pair, servo and stepper motors; on-off, P, P-I, P-I-D, cascade, feed-forward, and ratio controllers
State models and state equations, controllability and observability, pole assignment
Programmable logic controllers, SCADA, distributed control system and Hart and foundation fieldbus

Pre tanning operations
Hides and skins, histological characteristics structure of hides and skins defects, curing and preservation methods, animal by products, soaking, unhairing, liming, deliming, bating, pickling
Depickling and degreasing-their objectives and principles involved
Biochemistry of collagen and other substances, chemicals and auxiliaries used in pre-tanning operations, general pre tanning processes for manufacture of different types of heavy and light leathers
Process control in pre tanning, eco-friendly pretanning operations, physical and chemical testing, standards and quality control measures in pre tanning
By products of animal and tannery operations