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AP ECET 2022 Exam - Dates, Registration, Syllabus, Pattern, Latest Updates
Updated on 18th Dec, 2021 by Maniprabha Singh
Latest Update for AP ECET
- 01 Oct 2021:
AP ECET Result 2021 is declared on October 1.
Stay up-to date with AP ECET News
About AP ECET 2022
AP ECET 2022 - Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Anantapur will release the AP ECET 2022 application form along with the official notification. Candidates will be able to fill AP ECET application form from the official website. Applicants must check the AP ECET eligibility criteria before filling the application form. The application process of AP ECET 2022 comprises payment of fee, filling application form and uploading documents. Applicants who fill the application form before the last date will be able to download the AP ECET 2022 admit card a few days before the commencement of the exam.
Applicants appearing for the exam must check the exam pattern and syllabus for their preparations. Candidates can also refer to the AP ECET previous year question papers to ace the exam with a good score. AP ECET 2022 exam comprises 200 multiple choice questions from Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, and Engineering Subject (varying as per the subject chosen.
AP ECET 2022 Qualifying Marks
The candidates are required to meet 25% of the aggregate marks in the four subjects to qualify for AP ECET 2022 i.e., 50 marks out of a total of 200 to secure a rank. There will be no minimum qualifying marks for SC/ST candidates. Allotment of candidates will be done as per their merit, preference, and availability of seats.
After the conclusion of the exam, the exam authority will release the AP ECET 2022 answer key at the official website. Applicants will be allowed to raise objections in the answer key of AP ECET till a specified time. After considering all the objections, the exam authority will release the AP ECET final answer key along with the result. Applicants declared qualified in the AP ECET result 2022 will be called for the counselling and admission process later.
AP ECET 2022 Highlights
| Full Exam Name | Andhra Pradesh Engineering Common Entrance Test |
| Short Exam Name | AP ECET |
| Conducting Body | Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Ananthapur |
| Frequency of Conduct | Once a year |
| Exam Level | State Level Exam |
| Languages | English |
| Mode of Application | Online |
| Application Fee (General) | 600 Rs [Online] |
| Mode of Exam | Online |
| Mode of Counselling | Online |
| Participating Colleges | 9 |
| AP ECET Biotechnology - Duration | 3 Hours +12 More |
Download all details about AP ECET 2022
AP ECET 2022 Eligibility Criteria
The exam conducting authority will release the AP ECET eligibility criteria in the official notification. The eligibility criteria of AP ECET 2022 comprises Nationally, educational qualification, Domicile and other parameters. Applicants filling the AP ECET 2022 application form must check the eligibility criteria. Ineligible and invalid applications will be automatically rejected. In case any candidates do not satisfy the AP ECET eligibility criteria 2022 in later stage, the candidature of applicant will be cancelled. For more details, candidates can check the details below.
Nationality
Candidates should be of Indian nationality
Domicile
Should belong to the state of Andhra Pradesh. and satisfy the local/non-local status requirements as laid down in the Andhra Pradesh Educational Institutions.
Academic Specifications
The candidates should have qualified Diploma in Engineering and Technology from the State Board of Technical Education of Andhra Pradesh State or any other Diploma from an AICTE approved institution recognized by the Government of Andhra Pradesh.
OR
Should have qualified the 3-year B.Sc Degree exam with Mathematics as one of the subjects from a recognized University.
Those candidates who have not completed but will complete their Diploma before admission will also be able to apply for AP ECET 2022.
Marks Required
To be eligible for admissions, the candidates should have passed the Diploma in Engineering and Technology with a minimum of 45% marks (for the reserved category it is 40% marks).
Mode of Application : Online
Mode of Payment : Net Banking | Credit Card | Debit Card | Other
The exam conducting authority will release the AP ECET application form at the official website. The application process of AP ECET 2022 comprises payment of application fee, filling details in the application form and uploading documents. Applicants filling the AP ECET application form must check the eligibility criteria. The application fee of AP ECET 2022 varies as per the category. Steps to fill the AP ECET application form 2022 are given below.
How to fill AP ECET application form 2022
Step 1 - Payment of Fee:
The first step is to complete the AP ECET application fee payment and filling basic details in online mode. Applicants will be able to pay the ECET 2022 application fee through credit card/debit card/net banking. Candidates will also be able to pay the AP ECET application fee in offline mode at AP Online/ TS Online centres.
Step 2 - Filling application form:
The next step is to fill details in the application form of AP ECET 2022. Applicants have to fill in details like personal details, category, qualifying examination, academic information and others. Candidates are also required to fill the AP ECET exam centre choices in the application form.
Step 3 - Uploading Documents
After filling all the details in the application form, applicants have to upload the scanned images of photograph and signature in the AP ECET application form.
Step 4 - Preview and Submit Application Form
The final step is to check all the filled details in the AP ECET 2022 application form and submit the form.
AP ECET 2022 Application Correction
The exam conducting authority will also release the ECET correction window 2022 at the official website after the conclusion of the application process. Applicants will be able to edit certain details through the application correction facility of ECET.
Application Fees
| Category | Quota | Mode | Gender | Amount |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OBC | Online | Female, Transgender, Male | ₹ 550 | |
| ST, SC | Online | Female, Transgender, Male | ₹ 500 | |
| General | Online | Female, Transgender, Male | ₹ 600 |
AP ECET 2022 Syllabus
AP ECET Biotechnology Syllabus
Chemistry
Chemistry: Unit 01
Atomic structure |
|---|
| Introduction-fundamental particles, Bohr’s theory, quantum numbers, Aufbau principle, Hund’s rule, Pauli’s exclusion principle, electronic configurations of elements up to atomic number 20, shapes of s,p,d orbitals |
Chemistry: Unit 02
Chemical bonding |
|---|
| Introduction, types of chemical bonds, ionic bond taking example of NaCl and MgO, characteristics of ionic compounds and covalent bond taking example H, O, N, HCL characteristics of covalent compounds |
Chemistry: Unit 03
Solutions |
|---|
| Introduction, solution classification of solutions, solute, solvent, concentration, mole concept, molarity, normality, equivalent weight using acids, bases and salts, numerical problems on molarity and normality |
Chemistry: Unit 04
Acids and bases |
|---|
| Introduction, theories of acids and bases, Arrhinus, Bronsted-Lowry theory, Lewis acid base theory, ionic product of water, pH and related numerical problems, buffers solutions, applications |
Chemistry: Unit 05
Electrochemistry |
|---|
| Conductors, insulators, electrolytes, Arrhenius theory of electrolytic dissociation, electrolysis, Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, numerical problems, Galvanic cell, standard electrode potential, electro chemical series |
| Emf and numerical problems on emf of a cell |
Chemistry: Unit 06
Water technology |
|---|
| Introduction, soft and hard water, causes of hardness, types of hardness, disadvantages of hard water, degree of hardness, units and its relations, softening methods, permutit process, ion exchange process, qualities of drinking water |
| Municipal treatment of water for drinking purpose |
Chemistry: Unit 07
Corrosion |
|---|
| Introduction, factors influencing corrosion, electrochemical theory of corrosion, composition cell, stress cell and concentration cells, rusting of iron and its mechanism, prevention of corrosion by-(a) coating methods |
| Prevention of corrosion by-(b) cathodic protection (sacrificial and impressive voltage methods) |
Chemistry: Unit 08
Polymers |
|---|
| Introduction, polymerisation, types of polymerisation–addition, condensation and co-polymerisation with examples, plastics, types of plastics, advantages of plastics over traditional materials, disadvantages of using plastics |
| Thermo plastics and thermo stetting plastics, differences between thermo plastics and thermo stetting plastics, preparation and uses of the following plastics: (i) Polythene, (ii) PVC, (iii) teflon, (iv) polystyrene, (v) urea formaldehyde, rubber |
| Natural rubber, processing from latex, vulcanization, elastomers, Buna-S, neoprene rubber and their uses |
Chemistry: Unit 09
Fuels |
|---|
| Definition and classification of fuels based on physical state and occurrence, characteristics of good fuel, extraction and refining of petroleum, composition and uses of gaseous fuels-(a) water gas, (b) producer gas, (c) natural gas, (d) coal gas |
| Composition and uses of gaseous fuels-(e) bio gas, (f) acetylene |
Chemistry: Unit 10
Environmental chemistry |
|---|
| Introduction, environment, understand the terms-lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere biosphere, biotic component, energy component pollutant, receptor, sink, particulate, DO, BOD, threshold limit value, COD, air pollution-causes, effects, acid rain |
| Green house effect, ozone depletion, control of air pollution, water pollution-causes, effects, control measures |
Mathematics
Mathematics: Unit 01
Matrices |
|---|
| Matrices of 3rd order: Types of matrices, algebra of matrices, transpose of a matrix, symmetric, Skew symmetric matrices, minor, cofactor of an element, determinant of a square matrix, properties, Laplace’s expansion, singular and non singular matrices |
| Matrices of 3rd order: Adjoint and multiplicative inverse of a square matrix, system of linear equations in 3 variables, solutions by Crammer’s rule, matrix inversion method, Gauss-Jordan methods |
| Partial fractions: Resolving a given rational function into partial fractions |
Mathematics: Unit 02
Trigonometry |
|---|
| Properties of trigonometric functions, ratios of compound angles, multiple angles, sub multiple angles, transformations of products into sum or difference and vice versa, simple trigonometric equations, properties of triangles |
| Inverse trigonometric functions |
| Complex numbers: Modulus and conjugate, arithmetic operations on complex number, modulus, amplitude form (polar form), Euler form (exponential form), properties, De Movire’s theorem and its applications |
Mathematics: Unit 03
Analytical geometry |
|---|
| Circles-equation given center and radius, given ends of diameter, general equation, finding center and radius |
| Standard forms of equations of parabola, ellipse and hyperbola, simple properties |
Mathematics: Unit 04
Differentiation and its applications |
|---|
| Functions and limits, standard limits, differentiation from the first principles, differentiation of sum, product, quotient of functions, function of function, trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, exponential, logarithmic, hyperbolic functions |
| Implicit, explicit and parametric functions, derivative of a function with respect to another function, second order derivatives, geometrical applications of the derivative (angle between curves, tangent and normal), increasing and decreasing functions |
| Maxima and minima (single variable functions) using second order derivative only, derivative as rate measure, errors and approximations, partial differentiation, partial derivatives up to second order, Euler’s theorem |
Mathematics: Unit 05
Integration and its applications |
|---|
| Indefinite integral, standard forms, integration by decomposition of the integrand of trigonometric, algebraic, exponential, logarithmic and hyperbolic functions, integration by substitution, integration of reducible and irreducible quadratic factors |
| Integration by parts, definite integrals and properties, definite integral as the limit of a sum, application of integration to find areas under plane curves and volumes of solids of revolution, mean and RMS value |
Mathematics: Unit 06
Differential equations |
|---|
| Definition of a differential equation, order and degree of a differential equation, formation of differential equations, solution of differential equation of the type first order, first degree, variable, separable, homogeneous equations, exact |
| Linear differential equation of the form dy/dx + Py = Q, Bernoulli’s equation |
| nth order linear differential equation with constant coefficients both homogeneous and non homogeneous and finding the particular integrals for the functions, e ax, x m, Sin ax, Cos ax |
Physics
Physics: Unit 01
Units and dimensions |
|---|
| Physical quantity, fundamental and derived physical quantities, units, fundamental and derived units, SI units, multiples and sub-multiples in SI units, advantages of SI units, dimensions and dimensional formulae, dimensionless quantities |
| Applications and limitations of dimensional analysis, problems |
Physics: Unit 02
Elements of vectors |
|---|
| Scalar and vector quantities-examples, graphical representation of a vector, types of vectors, addition and subtraction of vectors, triangle law, parallelogram law and its cases, polygon law, resolution of a vector, unit vectors (i, j, k) |
| Dot product and cross product of two vectors, characteristics of dot and cross products-examples, problems |
Physics: Unit 03
Kinematics and friction |
|---|
| Equations of motion, acceleration due to gravity, equations of motion under gravity, expressions for maximum height, time of ascent, time of descent, time of flight, velocity on reaching the point of projection |
| Motion of a body projected from the top of a tower, projectile motion-examples, horizontal and oblique projections, expressions for maximum height, time of ascent, time of flight, horizontal range, magnitude and direction of resultant velocity-problems |
| Friction, normal reaction, laws of friction, coefficients of friction, angle of friction, methods of reducing friction, advantages and disadvantages of friction, motion of a body over a smooth inclined plane and a rough inclined plane–problems |
Physics: Unit 04
Work, power, and energy |
|---|
| Work, power and energy-definitions and units, potential and kinetic energies, examples and expressions, law of conservation of energy-problems, renewable and non-renewable sources of energy (solar, wind, biogas, tidal, nuclear energies, etc) |
Physics: Unit 05
Simple harmonic motion and acoustics |
|---|
| Definition, conditions of S.H.M., examples of S.H.M., expressions for displacement, velocity, acceleration, time period, frequency and phase of S.H.M., time period of a simple pendulum, seconds pendulum-problems |
| Sound, musical sound and noise, noise pollution, effects and methods of control of noise pollution, beats and echoe-problems, doppler effect, explanation, cases and applications, acoustics of buildings, reverberation, Sabines’ formula |
| Characteristics of a good building-problems |
Physics: Unit 06
Heat and thermodynamics |
|---|
| Expansion of gases, Boyle’s law, absolute scale of temperature, Charle’s laws, ideal gas equation, universal gas constant and its value, SI units-problems, external work done by a gas, isothermal process, adiabatic process |
| First law of thermodynamics and its applications to isothermal process and adiabatic process, two specific heats of a gas, relation between Cp and Cv-problems, second law of thermodynamics and its applications |
Physics: Unit 07
Modern physics |
|---|
| Photoelectric effect, explanation and its laws, applications of photoelectric effect (photocell), critical angle and total internal reflection, optical fibers-principle, working, types and applications |
| Concept of super conductivity-its properties and applications |
Bio-technology
Bio-technology: Unit 01
Basic industrial biotechnology |
|---|
| Production strains, production media, types of media, carbon, nitrogen sources, biopesticides, biofertilizers |
Bio-technology: Unit 02
Biophysics |
|---|
| Biophysics and cell doctrine, cell theory and atomic theory, types of microscopes, biological membranes, applications of biophysics |
Bio-technology: Unit 03
Genetics and cell biology |
|---|
| Mendelism and its variations, linkage, cell division, chromosome structure, chromosome aberrations, genetic mechanism of sex determination, sex-linked genes, holandric genes |
Bio-technology: Unit 04
Microbiology |
|---|
| Classification of micro organisms, nutrition in micro organisms, growth-measurement of microbial growth, culture media, synthetic complex media, importance and isolation of pure cultures and primary stock cultures, preservation of cultures |
| Control of micro organisms, disinfection and sterilization methods, chemical agents, physical agents, different classes of disinfections. |
Bio-technology: Unit 05
Bioreactor engineering |
|---|
| Classification of bioreactors, energy balance of bioreactors, selectivity and optimization of bioreactors, design and analysis of bioreactors, introduction to microprocessors and their applications in bioreactors control |
| Safety regulations and decontamination procedures practiced in the operation of bioreactors |
Bio-technology: Unit 06
Molecular biology-genetic engineering |
|---|
| Nucleic acids, structure of DNA, RNA, replication of DNA, organisation of nuclear genome, gene numbers, essential and non-essential genes, Chargaff's rule, one gene, one enzyme hypothesis, phenyl ketonuria, alkaptonuria and albinism, protein synthesis |
| Applications of genetic engineering |
Bio-technology: Unit 07
Plant biotechnology |
|---|
| Tissue culture, techniques, application of plant tissue culture, protoplast technology-isolation, culture of protoplasts, regeneration of cell wall and callus formation, protoplast fusion |
| Genetic engineering through plasmids, Ti plasmid, gene transfer in plants, symbiotic N fixation, plant protection, applications-methods |
Bio-technology: Unit 08
Animal biotechnology |
|---|
| Animal cell and tissue culture, animal organ culture techniques-advantages, limitations and applications, production of transgenic animals by microinjection, future prospects of transgenesis, cell culture products |
Bio-technology: Unit 09
Bioinformatics |
|---|
| Bioinformatics in biology and medicine, biomolecules and biopolymers, genome analysis |
Bio-technology: Unit 10
Enzyme engineering |
|---|
| Classification of enzymes, applications, physical and chemical techniques for enzyme immobilization, advantages and disadvantages of immobilization techniques |
| Structure of enzymes, primary and secondary structure and peptide bond |
AP ECET B.Sc. Mathematics Syllabus
Analytical ability
Analytical ability: Unit 01
Data sufficiency |
|---|
| Data in the form of two statements labeled as I and II |
Analytical ability: Unit 02
Sequence and series |
|---|
| Analogies of numbers and alphabets completion of blank spaces following the pattern in A:b::C:d relationship odd thing out; missing number in a sequence or a series |
Analytical ability: Unit 03
Data analysis |
|---|
| The data given in a table, graph, bar diagram, pie chart, Venn diagram or a passage |
Analytical ability: Unit 04
Coding and decoding problems |
|---|
| A code pattern of English alphabet is given |
| A given word or a group of letters are to be coded and decoded based on the given code or codes |
Analytical ability: Unit 05
Date, time and arrangement problems |
|---|
| Calendar problems, clock problems, blood relationship, arrivals, departures and schedules; seating arrangements, symbol and notation interpretation |
Communicative English
Communicative English: Unit 01
Grammer |
|---|
| Articles, prepositions, tenses, active and passive voice, concord, question tags |
Communicative English: Unit 02
Vocabulary |
|---|
| Synonyms, antonyms, one word substitutes, affixes, homophones, words often confused |
Communicative English: Unit 03
Error analysis |
|---|
| Spotting errors (includes all the components mentioned in this syllabus), sentence improvement |
Communicative English: Unit 04
Usage |
|---|
| Idioms, phrasal verbs |
Communicative English: Unit 05
Reading comprehension |
|---|
| Main idea, factual question, inferential, vocabular |
Communicative English: Unit 06
Rearrangement of parts in sentences |
|---|
| Jumbled parts of a sentence to be rearranged (tests understanding of relation between form and function) |
Communicative English: Unit 07
Functional English |
|---|
| Requesting, complaining, seeking permission, apologising, suggesting |
Mathematics
Mathematics: Unit 01
Differential equations of first order and first degree |
|---|
| Linear differential equations; differential equations, reducible to linear form; exact differential equations; integrating factors; change of variables; total differential equations; simultaneous total differential equations |
| Equations of the form dx/P = dy/Q = dz/R-(i) method of grouping, (ii) method of multipliers |
Mathematics: Unit 02
Differential equations of the first order but not of the first degree |
|---|
| Equations solvable for p; equations solvable for y, equations solvable for x; equations that do not contain x (or y); equations homogeneous in x and y; equations of the first degree in x and y; Clairaut’s equation |
Mathematics: Unit 03
Higher order linear differential equations |
|---|
| Solution of homogeneous linear differential equations of order n with constant coefficients, solution of the non-homogeneous linear differential equations with constant coefficients by means of polynomial operators |
| (i) When Q(x) = bx k and P(D) =D -a , a ≠ 0, (ii) when Q(x) =b xk and P(D) = a Dn + a Dn¯+ ... + an, (iii) when Q(x) = ea x, (iv) when Q(x) = b sin ax or b cos ax, (v) when Q(x) = V where V is a function of x |
| (vi) when Q(x) = xV. Where V is any function x |
Mathematics: Unit 04
Elements of number theory |
|---|
| Divisibility, primes, congruences, solutions of congruences, congruences of degree 1; the function (n) |
Mathematics: Unit 05
Binary operations |
|---|
| Definition and properties, tables |
Mathematics: Unit 06
Groups |
|---|
| Definition and elementary properties; finite groups and group tables |
Mathematics: Unit 07
Subgroups |
|---|
| Subsets and subgroups; cyclic subgroups |
Mathematics: Unit 08
Permutations |
|---|
| Functions and permutations; groups of permutations, cycles and cyclic notation, even and odd permutations, the alternating groups |
Mathematics: Unit 09
Cyclic groups |
|---|
| Elementary properties, the classification of cyclic groups, subgroups of finite cyclic groups |
Mathematics: Unit 10
Isomorphism |
|---|
| Definition and elementary properties, how to show that groups are isomorphic, how to show that groups are not isomorphic, Cayley’s theorem |
Mathematics: Unit 11
Groups of cosets |
|---|
| Cosets; applications |
Mathematics: Unit 12
Normal subgroup and factor group |
|---|
| Criteria for the existence of a coset group; inner automorphisms and normal subgroups; factor groups; simple groups |
Mathematics: Unit 13
Homomorphisms |
|---|
| Definition and elementary properties; the fundamental homomorphism theorem; applications |
Mathematics: Unit 14
Vector differentiation |
|---|
| Differential operator; gradient; divergence; Curl |
Mathematics: Unit 15
Vector integration |
|---|
| Theorems of Gauss, Green and Stokes and problems related to them |
Mathematics: Unit 16
The plane |
|---|
| Every equation of the first degree in x, y, z represents a plane, converse of the preceding theorem; transformation to the normal form, determination of a plane under given conditions-(i) equation of a plane in terms of its intercepts on the axes |
| Determination of a plane under given conditions-(ii) equations of the plane through three given points |
| Systems of planes; two sides of a plane; length of the perpendicular from a given point to a given plane; bisectors of angles between two planes; joint equation of two planes; orthogonal projection on a plane |
| Volume of a tetrahedron in terms of the coordinates of its vertices; equations of a line; right line; angle between a line and a plane; the condition that a given line may lie in a given plane; the condition that two given lines are coplanar |
| Number of arbitrary constants in the equations of a straight line |
| Sets of conditions which determine a line; the shortest distance between two lines |
| The length and equations of the line of shortest distance between two straight lines; length of the perpendicular from a given point to a given line; intersection of three planes; triangular prism |
Mathematics: Unit 17
The sphere |
|---|
| The sphere: Definition and equation of the sphere; equation of the sphere through four given points; plane sections of a sphere. Intersection of two spheres; equation of a circle. Sphere through a given circle; intersection of a sphere and a line |
| The sphere: Power of a point; tangent plane. Plane of contact. Polar plane. Angle of intersection of two spheres. Conditions of two spheres. Conditions for two spheres to be orthogonal; radical plane, coaxial system of spheres |
| The sphere: Simplified form of the equation of two spheres |
Mathematics: Unit 18
The real numbers |
|---|
| The algebraic and order properties of R; absolute value and real line; the completeness property of R; applications of the supremum property; intervals (no question should be set from this part) |
Mathematics: Unit 19
Sequences and series |
|---|
| Sequences and their limits; limits theorems; monotone sequences; subsequences and the Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem; the Cauchy criterion; properly divergent sequences; series |
Mathematics: Unit 20
Limits |
|---|
| Limits of functions, limits theorems, some extensions of the limit concept |
Mathematics: Unit 21
Continuous functions |
|---|
| Continuous functions, combinations of continuous functions; continuous functions on intervals, uniform continuity, definition, non-uniform continuity criteria, uniform continuity theorem |
Mathematics: Unit 22
Differentiations |
|---|
| The derivative, the mean value theorem, L’ Hospital rules, Taylor’s theorem |
Mathematics: Unit 23
Riemann integral |
|---|
| The Riemann integral, Riemann integrable functions, the fundamental theorem (scope as in introduction to real analysis by Robert G. Bartle and Donald R. Sherbert, published by John. Willey and Sons, Inc.) |
Mathematics: Unit 24
Rings |
|---|
| Definition and basic properties, fields |
Mathematics: Unit 25
Integral domains |
|---|
| Divisors of 0 and cancellation, integral domains, the characteristic of a ring |
Mathematics: Unit 26
Some non-commutative examples |
|---|
| Matrices over a field, the quaternions |
Mathematics: Unit 27
Homomorphisms of rings |
|---|
| Definition and elementary properties; maximal and prime ideals, prime fields |
Mathematics: Unit 28
Rings of polynomials |
|---|
| Polynomials in an indeterminate, the evaluation homomorphisms |
Mathematics: Unit 29
Factorization of polynomials over a field |
|---|
| The division algorithm in F(x); irreducible polynomials, ideal structure in F(x), uniqueness of factorization in F(x) |
Mathematics: Unit 30
Vector spaces |
|---|
| Vector spaces, subspaces, linear combinations and systems of linear equations, linear dependence and linear independence, bases and dimension |
Mathematics: Unit 31
Linear transformation and matrices |
|---|
| Linear transformations, null spaces, and ranges, the matrix representation of a linear transformation, composition of linear transformations and matrix multiplication, invertibility and isomorphism’s |
Mathematics: Unit 32
Systems of linear equations |
|---|
| Elementary matrix operations and elementary matrices, the rank of a matrix and matrix inverses, systems of linear equations: Theoretical aspects, systems of linear equations, computational aspects |
Mathematics: Unit 33
Determinants |
|---|
| Determinants of order 2; determinants of order n, properties of determinants |
Mathematics: Unit 34
Diagonalization |
|---|
| Eigen values and Eigen vectors |
Mathematics: Unit 35
Inner product spaces |
|---|
| Inner products and norms, the Gram-Schmidt orthogonalisation process and orthogonal compliments, the adjoint of a linear operator, normal and self-adjoint operators, unitary and orthogonal operators and their matrices |
AP ECET Ceramic Technology Syllabus
Chemistry
Chemistry: Unit 01
Atomic structure |
|---|
| Introduction-fundamental particles, Bohr’s theory, quantum numbers, Aufbau principle, Hund’s rule, Pauli’s exclusion principle, electronic configurations of elements up to atomic number 20, shapes of s,p,d orbitals |
Chemistry: Unit 02
Chemical bonding |
|---|
| Introduction, types of chemical bonds, ionic bond taking example of NaCl and MgO, characteristics of ionic compounds and covalent bond taking example H, O, N, HCL characteristics of covalent compounds |
Chemistry: Unit 03
Solutions |
|---|
| Introduction, solution classification of solutions, solute, solvent, concentration, mole concept, molarity, normality, equivalent weight using acids, bases and salts, numerical problems on molarity and normality |
Chemistry: Unit 04
Acids and bases |
|---|
| Introduction, theories of acids and bases, Arrhinus, Bronsted-Lowry theory, Lewis acid base theory, ionic product of water, pH and related numerical problems, buffers solutions, applications |
Chemistry: Unit 05
Electrochemistry |
|---|
| Conductors, insulators, electrolytes, Arrhenius theory of electrolytic dissociation, electrolysis, Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, numerical problems, Galvanic cell, standard electrode potential, electro chemical series |
| Emf and numerical problems on emf of a cell |
Chemistry: Unit 06
Water technology |
|---|
| Introduction, soft and hard water, causes of hardness, types of hardness, disadvantages of hard water, degree of hardness, units and its relations, softening methods, permutit process, ion exchange process, qualities of drinking water |
| Municipal treatment of water for drinking purpose |
Chemistry: Unit 07
Corrosion |
|---|
| Introduction, factors influencing corrosion, electrochemical theory of corrosion, composition cell, stress cell and concentration cells, rusting of iron and its mechanism, prevention of corrosion by-(a) coating methods |
| Prevention of corrosion by-(b) cathodic protection (sacrificial and impressive voltage methods) |
Chemistry: Unit 08
Polymers |
|---|
| Introduction, polymerisation, types of polymerisation–addition, condensation and co-polymerisation with examples, plastics, types of plastics, advantages of plastics over traditional materials, disadvantages of using plastics |
| Thermo plastics and thermo stetting plastics, differences between thermo plastics and thermo stetting plastics, preparation and uses of the following plastics: (i) Polythene, (ii) PVC, (iii) teflon, (iv) polystyrene, (v) urea formaldehyde, rubber |
| Natural rubber, processing from latex, vulcanization, elastomers, Buna-S, neoprene rubber and their uses |
Chemistry: Unit 09
Fuels |
|---|
| Definition and classification of fuels based on physical state and occurrence, characteristics of good fuel, extraction and refining of petroleum, composition and uses of gaseous fuels-(a) water gas, (b) producer gas, (c) natural gas, (d) coal gas |
| Composition and uses of gaseous fuels-(e) bio gas, (f) acetylene |
Chemistry: Unit 10
Environmental chemistry |
|---|
| Introduction, environment, understand the terms-lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere biosphere, biotic component, energy component pollutant, receptor, sink, particulate, DO, BOD, threshold limit value, COD, air pollution-causes, effects, acid rain |
| Green house effect, ozone depletion, control of air pollution, water pollution-causes, effects, control measures |
Mathematics
Mathematics: Unit 01
Matrices |
|---|
| Matrices of 3rd order: Types of matrices, algebra of matrices, transpose of a matrix, symmetric, Skew symmetric matrices, minor, cofactor of an element, determinant of a square matrix, properties, Laplace’s expansion, singular and non singular matrices |
| Matrices of 3rd order: Adjoint and multiplicative inverse of a square matrix, system of linear equations in 3 variables, solutions by Crammer’s rule, matrix inversion method, Gauss-Jordan methods |
| Partial fractions: Resolving a given rational function into partial fractions |
Mathematics: Unit 02
Trigonometry |
|---|
| Properties of trigonometric functions, ratios of compound angles, multiple angles, sub multiple angles, transformations of products into sum or difference and vice versa, simple trigonometric equations, properties of triangles |
| Inverse trigonometric functions |
| Complex numbers: Modulus and conjugate, arithmetic operations on complex number, modulus, amplitude form (polar form), Euler form (exponential form), properties, De Movire’s theorem and its applications |
Mathematics: Unit 03
Analytical geometry |
|---|
| Circles-equation given center and radius, given ends of diameter, general equation, finding center and radius |
| Standard forms of equations of parabola, ellipse and hyperbola, simple properties |
Mathematics: Unit 04
Differentiation and its applications |
|---|
| Functions and limits, standard limits, differentiation from the first principles, differentiation of sum, product, quotient of functions, function of function, trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, exponential, logarithmic, hyperbolic functions |
| Implicit, explicit and parametric functions, derivative of a function with respect to another function, second order derivatives, geometrical applications of the derivative (angle between curves, tangent and normal), increasing and decreasing functions |
| Maxima and minima (single variable functions) using second order derivative only, derivative as rate measure, errors and approximations, partial differentiation, partial derivatives up to second order, Euler’s theorem |
Mathematics: Unit 05
Integration and its applications |
|---|
| Indefinite integral, standard forms, integration by decomposition of the integrand of trigonometric, algebraic, exponential, logarithmic and hyperbolic functions, integration by substitution, integration of reducible and irreducible quadratic factors |
| Integration by parts, definite integrals and properties, definite integral as the limit of a sum, application of integration to find areas under plane curves and volumes of solids of revolution, mean and RMS value |
Mathematics: Unit 06
Differential equations |
|---|
| Definition of a differential equation, order and degree of a differential equation, formation of differential equations, solution of differential equation of the type first order, first degree, variable, separable, homogeneous equations, exact |
| Linear differential equation of the form dy/dx + Py = Q, Bernoulli’s equation |
| nth order linear differential equation with constant coefficients both homogeneous and non homogeneous and finding the particular integrals for the functions, e ax, x m, Sin ax, Cos ax |
Physics
Physics: Unit 01
Units and dimensions |
|---|
| Physical quantity, fundamental and derived physical quantities, units, fundamental and derived units, SI units, multiples and sub-multiples in SI units, advantages of SI units, dimensions and dimensional formulae, dimensionless quantities |
| Applications and limitations of dimensional analysis, problems |
Physics: Unit 02
Elements of vectors |
|---|
| Scalar and vector quantities-examples, graphical representation of a vector, types of vectors, addition and subtraction of vectors, triangle law, parallelogram law and its cases, polygon law, resolution of a vector, unit vectors (i, j, k) |
| Dot product and cross product of two vectors, characteristics of dot and cross products-examples, problems |
Physics: Unit 03
Kinematics and friction |
|---|
| Equations of motion, acceleration due to gravity, equations of motion under gravity, expressions for maximum height, time of ascent, time of descent, time of flight, velocity on reaching the point of projection |
| Motion of a body projected from the top of a tower, projectile motion-examples, horizontal and oblique projections, expressions for maximum height, time of ascent, time of flight, horizontal range, magnitude and direction of resultant velocity-problems |
| Friction, normal reaction, laws of friction, coefficients of friction, angle of friction, methods of reducing friction, advantages and disadvantages of friction, motion of a body over a smooth inclined plane and a rough inclined plane–problems |
Physics: Unit 04
Work, power, and energy |
|---|
| Work, power and energy-definitions and units, potential and kinetic energies, examples and expressions, law of conservation of energy-problems, renewable and non-renewable sources of energy (solar, wind, biogas, tidal, nuclear energies, etc) |
Physics: Unit 05
Simple harmonic motion and acoustics |
|---|
| Definition, conditions of S.H.M., examples of S.H.M., expressions for displacement, velocity, acceleration, time period, frequency and phase of S.H.M., time period of a simple pendulum, seconds pendulum-problems |
| Sound, musical sound and noise, noise pollution, effects and methods of control of noise pollution, beats and echoe-problems, doppler effect, explanation, cases and applications, acoustics of buildings, reverberation, Sabines’ formula |
| Characteristics of a good building-problems |
Physics: Unit 06
Heat and thermodynamics |
|---|
| Expansion of gases, Boyle’s law, absolute scale of temperature, Charle’s laws, ideal gas equation, universal gas constant and its value, SI units-problems, external work done by a gas, isothermal process, adiabatic process |
| First law of thermodynamics and its applications to isothermal process and adiabatic process, two specific heats of a gas, relation between Cp and Cv-problems, second law of thermodynamics and its applications |
Physics: Unit 07
Modern physics |
|---|
| Photoelectric effect, explanation and its laws, applications of photoelectric effect (photocell), critical angle and total internal reflection, optical fibers-principle, working, types and applications |
| Concept of super conductivity-its properties and applications |
Ceramic technology
Ceramic technology: Unit 01
Geology and mineralogy of ceramic raw materials |
|---|
| Definition of geology, petrology and mineralogy, ceramic minerals, ceramic clays and their classification, physical properties of clays, Grog and its properties, types of silica minerals, types of alumina minerals, feldspar group minerals |
| Carbonate minerals, bone ash, fly ash |
Ceramic technology: Unit 02
White ware and heavy clay ware |
|---|
| Machinery and equipment used in ceramic industry |
| Body preparation |
| Fabrication methods |
| Drying of clay products |
| Setting and firing of clay products |
| Classification of earthen ware, porcelain ware, special porcelain ware, bone china, sanitary ware, heavy clay ware, floor and wall tiles |
| Glazes, frits, colors and decoration |
| Quality control |
Ceramic technology: Unit 03
Refractories |
|---|
| Classification, properties and fabrication techniques of refractories |
| Insulating refractories |
| Kiln furniture and accessories |
| Refractory cements and mortors |
| Alumino silicate refractories, silica refractories, dolomite refractories, magnesite refractories, chrome-magnasite refractories, mag-chrome refractories, carbon refractories, chromite refractories |
| Super refractories properties and uses |
Ceramic technology: Unit 04
Glass technology |
|---|
| Raw materials, classification of glass making raw materials, batch preparation, weighing, mixing, conveying and charging, glass melting process, types of furnaces, types of fabrication techniques for containers, sheet glass, float glass, optical glasses |
| Safety glass, tubes, annealing, tempering, decoration, testing and quality control of glass, special glasses, heat resistant glasses, fiber glass, glass ceramic |
Ceramic technology: Unit 05
Cement technology |
|---|
| Raw materials, limestone and limes, batch preparation, mixing, types of manufacturing process, natural cements, portland cements, special cements, rotary kiln |
Ceramic technology: Unit 06
Advanced ceramics |
|---|
| Purification of raw materials, shaping techniques, and firing techniques, electrical ceramics, electronic ceramics, cemaric composites, magnetic ceramics, nuclear ceramics and other structural ceramics |
| Stabilised zirconia and products, alumina products |
Ceramic technology: Unit 07
Fuels, furnaces and pyrometry |
|---|
| Construction and working of industrial pyrometers, furnaces used in glass industry, enamel industry, kilns used in ceramic industry, types of fuels, advantages and disadvantages of different physical state of fuels, combustion, classification of fuels |
| NCES and RES, hydrogen gas |
Ceramic technology: Unit 08
Enamels and glazes |
|---|
| Raw materials, enamel compositions, batch preparation, metal treatment of enamels, application of enamel and firing of enamels, defects and decoration, batch compositions of glazes, glaze preparation, firing, defects and testing of lead glazes |
| Leadless glazes, feldspathic and calcareous glazes |
AP ECET Chemical Engineering Syllabus
Chemistry
Chemistry: Unit 01
Atomic structure |
|---|
| Introduction-fundamental particles, Bohr’s theory, quantum numbers, Aufbau principle, Hund’s rule, Pauli’s exclusion principle, electronic configurations of elements up to atomic number 20, shapes of s,p,d orbitals |
Chemistry: Unit 02
Chemical bonding |
|---|
| Introduction, types of chemical bonds, ionic bond taking example of NaCl and MgO, characteristics of ionic compounds and covalent bond taking example H, O, N, HCL characteristics of covalent compounds |
Chemistry: Unit 03
Solutions |
|---|
| Introduction, solution classification of solutions, solute, solvent, concentration, mole concept, molarity, normality, equivalent weight using acids, bases and salts, numerical problems on molarity and normality |
Chemistry: Unit 04
Acids and bases |
|---|
| Introduction, theories of acids and bases, Arrhinus, Bronsted-Lowry theory, Lewis acid base theory, ionic product of water, pH and related numerical problems, buffers solutions, applications |
Chemistry: Unit 05
Electrochemistry |
|---|
| Conductors, insulators, electrolytes, Arrhenius theory of electrolytic dissociation, electrolysis, Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, numerical problems, Galvanic cell, standard electrode potential, electro chemical series |
| Emf and numerical problems on emf of a cell |
Chemistry: Unit 06
Water technology |
|---|
| Introduction, soft and hard water, causes of hardness, types of hardness, disadvantages of hard water, degree of hardness, units and its relations, softening methods, permutit process, ion exchange process, qualities of drinking water |
| Municipal treatment of water for drinking purpose |
Chemistry: Unit 07
Corrosion |
|---|
| Introduction, factors influencing corrosion, electrochemical theory of corrosion, composition cell, stress cell and concentration cells, rusting of iron and its mechanism, prevention of corrosion by-(a) coating methods |
| Prevention of corrosion by-(b) cathodic protection (sacrificial and impressive voltage methods) |
Chemistry: Unit 08
Polymers |
|---|
| Introduction, polymerisation, types of polymerisation–addition, condensation and co-polymerisation with examples, plastics, types of plastics, advantages of plastics over traditional materials, disadvantages of using plastics |
| Thermo plastics and thermo stetting plastics, differences between thermo plastics and thermo stetting plastics, preparation and uses of the following plastics: (i) Polythene, (ii) PVC, (iii) teflon, (iv) polystyrene, (v) urea formaldehyde, rubber |
| Natural rubber, processing from latex, vulcanization, elastomers, Buna-S, neoprene rubber and their uses |
Chemistry: Unit 09
Fuels |
|---|
| Definition and classification of fuels based on physical state and occurrence, characteristics of good fuel, extraction and refining of petroleum, composition and uses of gaseous fuels-(a) water gas, (b) producer gas, (c) natural gas, (d) coal gas |
| Composition and uses of gaseous fuels-(e) bio gas, (f) acetylene |
Chemistry: Unit 10
Environmental chemistry |
|---|
| Introduction, environment, understand the terms-lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere biosphere, biotic component, energy component pollutant, receptor, sink, particulate, DO, BOD, threshold limit value, COD, air pollution-causes, effects, acid rain |
| Green house effect, ozone depletion, control of air pollution, water pollution-causes, effects, control measures |
Mathematics
Mathematics: Unit 01
Matrices |
|---|
| Matrices of 3rd order: Types of matrices, algebra of matrices, transpose of a matrix, symmetric, Skew symmetric matrices, minor, cofactor of an element, determinant of a square matrix, properties, Laplace’s expansion, singular and non singular matrices |
| Matrices of 3rd order: Adjoint and multiplicative inverse of a square matrix, system of linear equations in 3 variables, solutions by Crammer’s rule, matrix inversion method, Gauss-Jordan methods |
| Partial fractions: Resolving a given rational function into partial fractions |
Mathematics: Unit 02
Trigonometry |
|---|
| Properties of trigonometric functions, ratios of compound angles, multiple angles, sub multiple angles, transformations of products into sum or difference and vice versa, simple trigonometric equations, properties of triangles |
| Inverse trigonometric functions |
| Complex numbers: Modulus and conjugate, arithmetic operations on complex number, modulus, amplitude form (polar form), Euler form (exponential form), properties, De Movire’s theorem and its applications |
Mathematics: Unit 03
Analytical geometry |
|---|
| Circles-equation given center and radius, given ends of diameter, general equation, finding center and radius |
| Standard forms of equations of parabola, ellipse and hyperbola, simple properties |
Mathematics: Unit 04
Differentiation and its applications |
|---|
| Functions and limits, standard limits, differentiation from the first principles, differentiation of sum, product, quotient of functions, function of function, trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, exponential, logarithmic, hyperbolic functions |
| Implicit, explicit and parametric functions, derivative of a function with respect to another function, second order derivatives, geometrical applications of the derivative (angle between curves, tangent and normal), increasing and decreasing functions |
| Maxima and minima (single variable functions) using second order derivative only, derivative as rate measure, errors and approximations, partial differentiation, partial derivatives up to second order, Euler’s theorem |
Mathematics: Unit 05
Integration and its applications |
|---|
| Indefinite integral, standard forms, integration by decomposition of the integrand of trigonometric, algebraic, exponential, logarithmic and hyperbolic functions, integration by substitution, integration of reducible and irreducible quadratic factors |
| Integration by parts, definite integrals and properties, definite integral as the limit of a sum, application of integration to find areas under plane curves and volumes of solids of revolution, mean and RMS value |
Mathematics: Unit 06
Differential equations |
|---|
| Definition of a differential equation, order and degree of a differential equation, formation of differential equations, solution of differential equation of the type first order, first degree, variable, separable, homogeneous equations, exact |
| Linear differential equation of the form dy/dx + Py = Q, Bernoulli’s equation |
| nth order linear differential equation with constant coefficients both homogeneous and non homogeneous and finding the particular integrals for the functions, e ax, x m, Sin ax, Cos ax |
Physics
Physics: Unit 01
Units and dimensions |
|---|
| Physical quantity, fundamental and derived physical quantities, units, fundamental and derived units, SI units, multiples and sub-multiples in SI units, advantages of SI units, dimensions and dimensional formulae, dimensionless quantities |
| Applications and limitations of dimensional analysis, problems |
Physics: Unit 02
Elements of vectors |
|---|
| Scalar and vector quantities-examples, graphical representation of a vector, types of vectors, addition and subtraction of vectors, triangle law, parallelogram law and its cases, polygon law, resolution of a vector, unit vectors (i, j, k) |
| Dot product and cross product of two vectors, characteristics of dot and cross products-examples, problems |
Physics: Unit 03
Kinematics and friction |
|---|
| Equations of motion, acceleration due to gravity, equations of motion under gravity, expressions for maximum height, time of ascent, time of descent, time of flight, velocity on reaching the point of projection |
| Motion of a body projected from the top of a tower, projectile motion-examples, horizontal and oblique projections, expressions for maximum height, time of ascent, time of flight, horizontal range, magnitude and direction of resultant velocity-problems |
| Friction, normal reaction, laws of friction, coefficients of friction, angle of friction, methods of reducing friction, advantages and disadvantages of friction, motion of a body over a smooth inclined plane and a rough inclined plane–problems |
Physics: Unit 04
Work, power, and energy |
|---|
| Work, power and energy-definitions and units, potential and kinetic energies, examples and expressions, law of conservation of energy-problems, renewable and non-renewable sources of energy (solar, wind, biogas, tidal, nuclear energies, etc) |
Physics: Unit 05
Simple harmonic motion and acoustics |
|---|
| Definition, conditions of S.H.M., examples of S.H.M., expressions for displacement, velocity, acceleration, time period, frequency and phase of S.H.M., time period of a simple pendulum, seconds pendulum-problems |
| Sound, musical sound and noise, noise pollution, effects and methods of control of noise pollution, beats and echoe-problems, doppler effect, explanation, cases and applications, acoustics of buildings, reverberation, Sabines’ formula |
| Characteristics of a good building-problems |
Physics: Unit 06
Heat and thermodynamics |
|---|
| Expansion of gases, Boyle’s law, absolute scale of temperature, Charle’s laws, ideal gas equation, universal gas constant and its value, SI units-problems, external work done by a gas, isothermal process, adiabatic process |
| First law of thermodynamics and its applications to isothermal process and adiabatic process, two specific heats of a gas, relation between Cp and Cv-problems, second law of thermodynamics and its applications |
Physics: Unit 07
Modern physics |
|---|
| Photoelectric effect, explanation and its laws, applications of photoelectric effect (photocell), critical angle and total internal reflection, optical fibers-principle, working, types and applications |
| Concept of super conductivity-its properties and applications |
Chemical engineering
Chemical engineering: Unit 01
Material technology |
|---|
| Mechanical properties of metals and testing of materials-thermal equilibrium diagram, production of iron-plain carbon steels, alloy steels, miscellaneous materials, glass, carbon, graphite, rubber, elastomers, fiberglass and FRP, etc |
| Corrosion-causes, types, methods of prevention |
Chemical engineering: Unit 02
Chemical process principles |
|---|
| Determination of molarity, molality and normality, analysis of solids , liquids, and gases on dry and wet basis, Daltons law, ideal gas equation of state, vapor pressure boiling point and freezing point |
| Elevation of boiling point and depression of freezing point-uses, bypassing, recycling and purge streams-uses, limiting component, excess reactant, percentage conversion and yield and degree of completion |
| Material balances with and without chemical reactions, law of conservation of energy, heat of reaction, heat of formation, and heat of combustion-related problems, gross and net calorific values, theoretical air and excess air calculations |
Chemical engineering: Unit 03
Organic chemical technology |
|---|
| Coal chemicals, coking of coal, coal tar distillation, petroleum refining-atmospheric distillation and vacuum distillation, fluid catalytic cracking, catalytic reforming, petrochemicals from methane and ethylene, pulp and paper industry, oils |
| Fats and soaps, sugar and fermentation, rubber industries |
Chemical engineering: Unit 04
Inorganic chemical technology |
|---|
| Water-sources, impurities-treatment, dissolved solids-ion exchange process and reverse osmosis (RO) process, manufacture of chemicals like, soda ash, ammonia, urea, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, super phosphate and industrial gases, paints |
| Pigments and varnishes, graphite and silicon carbide and cement |
Chemical engineering: Unit 05
Fluid mechanics |
|---|
| Flow of incompressible fluids, Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, viscosity, Bernoulli’s theorem, friction losses, flow meters, different types of pumps for transportation of fluids, flow past immersed bodies, fluidization-packed bed and fluidized bed |
Chemical engineering: Unit 06
Heat transfer |
|---|
| Conduction, mechanisms of heat flow, Fourier’s law, thermal conductivity, steady state conduction-compound resistances in series, heat flow through a cylinder–related problems |
| Convection-heat flow in fluids, rate of heat transfer, average temperature of fluid stream, overall heat transfer coefficient, LMTD, fouling factors, heat transfer to fluids with and without phase change |
| Radiation-fundamentals, emission of radiation, black body radiation, laws of black body radiation, radiation between surfaces |
| Heat exchange equipment, types of heat exchange equipment, counter current and parallel current flows |
| Evaporation, liquid characteristics and important properties, types of evaporators, condensers, ejectors, evaporator economy, single and multiple effect-related problems |
Chemical engineering: Unit 07
Mechanical unit operations |
|---|
| Size reduction methods, laws of size reduction-crushers and grinders |
| Different types of equipments for mixing dry powders, differential and cumulative screen analysis, screen effectiveness, average particle size, storage of solids, conveyers, froth floatation, electrostatic precipitator, scrubber, cyclone separators |
| Filtration, sedimentation |
Chemical engineering: Unit 08
Thermodynamics and reaction engineering |
|---|
| 1st law of thermodynamics, PVT relationships for gases, 2nd law of thermodynamics, refrigeration and liquefaction, determination of equilibrium constant and conversion, temperature and pressure effects on reactions, Arhenius equation |
| Basic equations and working of batch, tubular and stirred tank reactors, catalysis |
Chemical engineering: Unit 09
Mass transfer |
|---|
| Principles of diffusion, inter phase mass transfer, distillation, absorption and adsorption, humidification, membrane separation, extraction and leaching, drying, crystallization |
Chemical engineering: Unit 10
Instrumentation and process control |
|---|
| Static and dynamic characteristics of an instrument-step input, linear input, sinusoidal inputs, measurement of temperature, pressure, vacuum, liquid levels and composition |
| Process instrumentation, diagrams and process control, different types of controllers, concepts of DCS and PLC |
Chemical engineering: Unit 11
Environmental studies and pollution control engineering |
|---|
| Scope and importance of environmental studies, segments, ecosystems, biodiversity, water pollution-types, classification, treatment methods, air pollution-types, classification, analysis, control methods |
| Solid waste management-sources, classification, disposal, pollution control in sugar, fertilizer and petroleum industries, legal aspects |
Chemical engineering: Unit 12
Energy technology and plant operation |
|---|
| Classification of energy sources-solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels, combustion principles, refractories, furnaces, blast furnace, LD converter, nuclear energy, solar energy, wind energy and bioenergy, energy conservation, industrial hazards and prevention |
| Safety and first aid |
AP ECET Civil Engineering Syllabus
Chemistry
Chemistry: Unit 01
Atomic structure |
|---|
| Introduction-fundamental particles, Bohr’s theory, quantum numbers, Aufbau principle, Hund’s rule, Pauli’s exclusion principle, electronic configurations of elements up to atomic number 20, shapes of s,p,d orbitals |
Chemistry: Unit 02
Chemical bonding |
|---|
| Introduction, types of chemical bonds, ionic bond taking example of NaCl and MgO, characteristics of ionic compounds and covalent bond taking example H, O, N, HCL characteristics of covalent compounds |
Chemistry: Unit 03
Solutions |
|---|
| Introduction, solution classification of solutions, solute, solvent, concentration, mole concept, molarity, normality, equivalent weight using acids, bases and salts, numerical problems on molarity and normality |
Chemistry: Unit 04
Acids and bases |
|---|
| Introduction, theories of acids and bases, Arrhinus, Bronsted-Lowry theory, Lewis acid base theory, ionic product of water, pH and related numerical problems, buffers solutions, applications |
Chemistry: Unit 05
Electrochemistry |
|---|
| Conductors, insulators, electrolytes, Arrhenius theory of electrolytic dissociation, electrolysis, Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, numerical problems, Galvanic cell, standard electrode potential, electro chemical series |
| Emf and numerical problems on emf of a cell |
Chemistry: Unit 06
Water technology |
|---|
| Introduction, soft and hard water, causes of hardness, types of hardness, disadvantages of hard water, degree of hardness, units and its relations, softening methods, permutit process, ion exchange process, qualities of drinking water |
| Municipal treatment of water for drinking purpose |
Chemistry: Unit 07
Corrosion |
|---|
| Introduction, factors influencing corrosion, electrochemical theory of corrosion, composition cell, stress cell and concentration cells, rusting of iron and its mechanism, prevention of corrosion by-(a) coating methods |
| Prevention of corrosion by-(b) cathodic protection (sacrificial and impressive voltage methods) |
Chemistry: Unit 08
Polymers |
|---|
| Introduction, polymerisation, types of polymerisation–addition, condensation and co-polymerisation with examples, plastics, types of plastics, advantages of plastics over traditional materials, disadvantages of using plastics |
| Thermo plastics and thermo stetting plastics, differences between thermo plastics and thermo stetting plastics, preparation and uses of the following plastics: (i) Polythene, (ii) PVC, (iii) teflon, (iv) polystyrene, (v) urea formaldehyde, rubber |
| Natural rubber, processing from latex, vulcanization, elastomers, Buna-S, neoprene rubber and their uses |
Chemistry: Unit 09
Fuels |
|---|
| Definition and classification of fuels based on physical state and occurrence, characteristics of good fuel, extraction and refining of petroleum, composition and uses of gaseous fuels-(a) water gas, (b) producer gas, (c) natural gas, (d) coal gas |
| Composition and uses of gaseous fuels-(e) bio gas, (f) acetylene |
Chemistry: Unit 10
Environmental chemistry |
|---|
| Introduction, environment, understand the terms-lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere biosphere, biotic component, energy component pollutant, receptor, sink, particulate, DO, BOD, threshold limit value, COD, air pollution-causes, effects, acid rain |
| Green house effect, ozone depletion, control of air pollution, water pollution-causes, effects, control measures |
Mathematics
Mathematics: Unit 01
Matrices |
|---|
| Matrices of 3rd order: Types of matrices, algebra of matrices, transpose of a matrix, symmetric, Skew symmetric matrices, minor, cofactor of an element, determinant of a square matrix, properties, Laplace’s expansion, singular and non singular matrices |
| Matrices of 3rd order: Adjoint and multiplicative inverse of a square matrix, system of linear equations in 3 variables, solutions by Crammer’s rule, matrix inversion method, Gauss-Jordan methods |
| Partial fractions: Resolving a given rational function into partial fractions |
Mathematics: Unit 02
Trigonometry |
|---|
| Properties of trigonometric functions, ratios of compound angles, multiple angles, sub multiple angles, transformations of products into sum or difference and vice versa, simple trigonometric equations, properties of triangles |
| Inverse trigonometric functions |
| Complex numbers: Modulus and conjugate, arithmetic operations on complex number, modulus, amplitude form (polar form), Euler form (exponential form), properties, De Movire’s theorem and its applications |
Mathematics: Unit 03
Analytical geometry |
|---|
| Circles-equation given center and radius, given ends of diameter, general equation, finding center and radius |
| Standard forms of equations of parabola, ellipse and hyperbola, simple properties |
Mathematics: Unit 04
Differentiation and its applications |
|---|
| Functions and limits, standard limits, differentiation from the first principles, differentiation of sum, product, quotient of functions, function of function, trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, exponential, logarithmic, hyperbolic functions |
| Implicit, explicit and parametric functions, derivative of a function with respect to another function, second order derivatives, geometrical applications of the derivative (angle between curves, tangent and normal), increasing and decreasing functions |
| Maxima and minima (single variable functions) using second order derivative only, derivative as rate measure, errors and approximations, partial differentiation, partial derivatives up to second order, Euler’s theorem |
Mathematics: Unit 05
Integration and its applications |
|---|
| Indefinite integral, standard forms, integration by decomposition of the integrand of trigonometric, algebraic, exponential, logarithmic and hyperbolic functions, integration by substitution, integration of reducible and irreducible quadratic factors |
| Integration by parts, definite integrals and properties, definite integral as the limit of a sum, application of integration to find areas under plane curves and volumes of solids of revolution, mean and RMS value |
Mathematics: Unit 06
Differential equations |
|---|
| Definition of a differential equation, order and degree of a differential equation, formation of differential equations, solution of differential equation of the type first order, first degree, variable, separable, homogeneous equations, exact |
| Linear differential equation of the form dy/dx + Py = Q, Bernoulli’s equation |
| nth order linear differential equation with constant coefficients both homogeneous and non homogeneous and finding the particular integrals for the functions, e ax, x m, Sin ax, Cos ax |
Physics
Physics: Unit 01
Units and dimensions |
|---|
| Physical quantity, fundamental and derived physical quantities, units, fundamental and derived units, SI units, multiples and sub-multiples in SI units, advantages of SI units, dimensions and dimensional formulae, dimensionless quantities |
| Applications and limitations of dimensional analysis, problems |
Physics: Unit 02
Elements of vectors |
|---|
| Scalar and vector quantities-examples, graphical representation of a vector, types of vectors, addition and subtraction of vectors, triangle law, parallelogram law and its cases, polygon law, resolution of a vector, unit vectors (i, j, k) |
| Dot product and cross product of two vectors, characteristics of dot and cross products-examples, problems |
Physics: Unit 03
Kinematics and friction |
|---|
| Equations of motion, acceleration due to gravity, equations of motion under gravity, expressions for maximum height, time of ascent, time of descent, time of flight, velocity on reaching the point of projection |
| Motion of a body projected from the top of a tower, projectile motion-examples, horizontal and oblique projections, expressions for maximum height, time of ascent, time of flight, horizontal range, magnitude and direction of resultant velocity-problems |
| Friction, normal reaction, laws of friction, coefficients of friction, angle of friction, methods of reducing friction, advantages and disadvantages of friction, motion of a body over a smooth inclined plane and a rough inclined plane–problems |
Physics: Unit 04
Work, power, and energy |
|---|
| Work, power and energy-definitions and units, potential and kinetic energies, examples and expressions, law of conservation of energy-problems, renewable and non-renewable sources of energy (solar, wind, biogas, tidal, nuclear energies, etc) |
Physics: Unit 05
Simple harmonic motion and acoustics |
|---|
| Definition, conditions of S.H.M., examples of S.H.M., expressions for displacement, velocity, acceleration, time period, frequency and phase of S.H.M., time period of a simple pendulum, seconds pendulum-problems |
| Sound, musical sound and noise, noise pollution, effects and methods of control of noise pollution, beats and echoe-problems, doppler effect, explanation, cases and applications, acoustics of buildings, reverberation, Sabines’ formula |
| Characteristics of a good building-problems |
Physics: Unit 06
Heat and thermodynamics |
|---|
| Expansion of gases, Boyle’s law, absolute scale of temperature, Charle’s laws, ideal gas equation, universal gas constant and its value, SI units-problems, external work done by a gas, isothermal process, adiabatic process |
| First law of thermodynamics and its applications to isothermal process and adiabatic process, two specific heats of a gas, relation between Cp and Cv-problems, second law of thermodynamics and its applications |
Physics: Unit 07
Modern physics |
|---|
| Photoelectric effect, explanation and its laws, applications of photoelectric effect (photocell), critical angle and total internal reflection, optical fibers-principle, working, types and applications |
| Concept of super conductivity-its properties and applications |
Civil engineering
Civil engineering: Unit 01
Strength of materials |
|---|
| Simple stresses and strains, curves for ductile materials, mechanical properties of materials, Hooke’s law, lateral strain, Poisson’s ratio, elastic constants and the relation between them, composite sections, resilience strain energy |
| Gradual and sudden loading, shear force and bending moment, diagrams for cantilever, simply supported, fixed, continuous and overhanging beams subjected to point loads and UDL |
| Theory of simple bending, assumptions, bending equation, bending stresses, section modulus, shear stress distribution across various sections like rectangular, circular and I-sections, torsion, solid and hollow circular shafts |
Civil engineering: Unit 02
Theory of structures |
|---|
| Deflection of cantilevers and simply supported beams, double integration and Macaulay’s methods, Mohr’s theorems for slope and deflections, calculation for propped cantilevers subjected to simple loading |
| Analysis of fixed and continuous beams of uniform section for simple loading without sinking of supports |
| Columns and struts-types, slenderness ratio, Euler’s and Rankine’s formulae for axial loading |
| Determination of forces in members of statically determinate, plane and pin-jointed trusses for dead loads only |
| Dams and retaining walls, conditions for stability, middle third rule, Rankine’s formula for active earth pressure |
Civil engineering: Unit 03
Reinforced concrete structures |
|---|
| Grades of concrete, characteristic strength, modulus of elasticity-I.S. 456-2000, philosophy of limit state design |
| Limit state of strength and serviceability, partial safety factor, design strength of materials and design loads, assumptions |
| Analysis and limit state design of rectangular beams, singly, doubly reinforced and T-beams |
| Shear in RCC beams, lintels and sunshades, development length |
| Slabs-analysis and limit state design of one-way and two-way slabs as per IS.456-2000 |
| Torsion reinforcement |
| Design of continuous slabs and beams, deflection check for slabs and beams |
| Detailing of reinforcement in singly reinforced and doubly reinforced simply supported beams of rectangular sections and lintels, one way and two way slabs |
| Columns: Codal provisions of I.S 456-2000, short and long columns, different shapes, design of short columns by limit state method, long columns-concept, effective length for different end conditions |
| Columns: Footings-isolated column footings, one way shear and two way shear. Stairs-types, loads on stairs |
| Working stress method of design: Basic principles, neutral axis, lever arm, design and analysis of singly reinforced simply supported rectangular beams. Comparison of limit state and working stress methods |
Civil engineering: Unit 04
Surveying |
|---|
| Chain surveying, purpose and principle, errors and corrections, different operations in chain surveying, obstacles, methods of calculation of area |
| Compass surveying-purpose and principle, bearings, traversing using prismatic compass, local attraction-errors |
| Levelling-definitions, component parts, errors, classification of levelling, contouring, characteristics and methods |
| Theodolite-principles and component parts, fundamental lines and relationship among them, adjustments of theodolite, measurement of horizontal and vertical angles-errors, traverse computations, Bowditch and transit rule |
| Tacheometry-principle, stadia tacheometry, tangential tacheometry, principle and uses of E.D.M, electronic theodolite, total station, global positioning system-importance, G.I.S-use and applications in civil engineering |
Civil engineering: Unit 05
Hydraulics |
|---|
| Fluid properties, specific weight, mass density, specific gravity, surface tension, capillarity, viscosity |
| Atmospheric pressure, gauge pressure and absolute pressure |
| Fluid pressure on plane surfaces, centre of pressure, measurement of fluid pressure using piezometer and manometers |
| Types of flows-uniform, non uniform, steady, unsteady, laminar and turbulent flows |
| Energies of liquid in motion, continuity equation |
| Bernoulli’s theoremm, pitot tube, venturimeter |
| Flow thorough small and large orifices, free orifices, submerged orifices, coefficients of orifices, Cc, Cv and Cd |
| Flow through internal, external, convergent and divergent mouthpieces |
| Types of notches, rectangular and triangular, flow over notches |
| Types of weirs, sharp crested and broad crested, mathematical formulae for discharge, Franci’s and Bazin’s |
| Flow through pipes, major and minor losses, Chezy’s and Darcy’s formulae for loss of head due to friction, HGL and TEL, flow through siphon pipes |
| Reynold’s number for laminar and turbulent flows |
| Flow through open channels, rectangular and trapezoidal, Chezy’s formula for discharge, Kutter’s and Manning’s equation for Chezy’s constants, most economical sections |
| Centrifugal pumps without problems |
| Classification of turbines, Kaplan, Franci’s and Pelton wheel without problems, use of draft tube |
| Hydro-electrical installations, components and uses |
Civil engineering: Unit 06
Irrigation engineering |
|---|
| Necessity of irrigations, perinnial and inundation irrigation, flow and lift irrigation, principal crops, kharif and rabi seasons, duty, delta and base period |
| Methods of irrigation, check flooding, basin flooding, contour bunding, furrow, sprinkler and drip irrigations |
| Hydrology, rainfall , types of rain gauges, types of catchments, rainfall and runoff |
| Measurement of velocity of flow in streams, Ryve’s and Dicken’s formulae for computing maximum flood discharge |
| Classifications of head works, component parts of diversion head works |
| Weirs and barrages |
| Perculation and uplift pressures |
| Types of reservoirs-dead storage, live storage and surcharge storage |
| Storage head works, different types of dams, rigid and non rigid dams, gravity dams, low and high dams |
| Elementary profile of a dam |
| Failures of gravity dams, drainage galleries |
| Ogee and siphon spillways |
| Earth dams-types, failures and precautions |
| Phreatic lines and drainage arrangements in earthen dams |
| Distribution works, classifications and alignment of canals, typical cross section of a canal, berm and balanced depth of cutting, canal lining |
| Lacey’s silt theory |
| Cross drainage works-types and functions |
AP ECET Computer Science and Engineering Syllabus
Chemistry
Chemistry: Unit 01
Atomic structure |
|---|
| Introduction-fundamental particles, Bohr’s theory, quantum numbers, Aufbau principle, Hund’s rule, Pauli’s exclusion principle, electronic configurations of elements up to atomic number 20, shapes of s,p,d orbitals |
Chemistry: Unit 02
Chemical bonding |
|---|
| Introduction, types of chemical bonds, ionic bond taking example of NaCl and MgO, characteristics of ionic compounds and covalent bond taking example H, O, N, HCL characteristics of covalent compounds |
Chemistry: Unit 03
Solutions |
|---|
| Introduction, solution classification of solutions, solute, solvent, concentration, mole concept, molarity, normality, equivalent weight using acids, bases and salts, numerical problems on molarity and normality |
Chemistry: Unit 04
Acids and bases |
|---|
| Introduction, theories of acids and bases, Arrhinus, Bronsted-Lowry theory, Lewis acid base theory, ionic product of water, pH and related numerical problems, buffers solutions, applications |
Chemistry: Unit 05
Electrochemistry |
|---|
| Conductors, insulators, electrolytes, Arrhenius theory of electrolytic dissociation, electrolysis, Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, numerical problems, Galvanic cell, standard electrode potential, electro chemical series |
| Emf and numerical problems on emf of a cell |
Chemistry: Unit 06
Water technology |
|---|
| Introduction, soft and hard water, causes of hardness, types of hardness, disadvantages of hard water, degree of hardness, units and its relations, softening methods, permutit process, ion exchange process, qualities of drinking water |
| Municipal treatment of water for drinking purpose |
Chemistry: Unit 07
Corrosion |
|---|
| Introduction, factors influencing corrosion, electrochemical theory of corrosion, composition cell, stress cell and concentration cells, rusting of iron and its mechanism, prevention of corrosion by-(a) coating methods |
| Prevention of corrosion by-(b) cathodic protection (sacrificial and impressive voltage methods) |
Chemistry: Unit 08
Polymers |
|---|
| Introduction, polymerisation, types of polymerisation–addition, condensation and co-polymerisation with examples, plastics, types of plastics, advantages of plastics over traditional materials, disadvantages of using plastics |
| Thermo plastics and thermo stetting plastics, differences between thermo plastics and thermo stetting plastics, preparation and uses of the following plastics: (i) Polythene, (ii) PVC, (iii) teflon, (iv) polystyrene, (v) urea formaldehyde, rubber |
| Natural rubber, processing from latex, vulcanization, elastomers, Buna-S, neoprene rubber and their uses |
Chemistry: Unit 09
Fuels |
|---|
| Definition and classification of fuels based on physical state and occurrence, characteristics of good fuel, extraction and refining of petroleum, composition and uses of gaseous fuels-(a) water gas, (b) producer gas, (c) natural gas, (d) coal gas |
| Composition and uses of gaseous fuels-(e) bio gas, (f) acetylene |
Chemistry: Unit 10
Environmental chemistry |
|---|
| Introduction, environment, understand the terms-lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere biosphere, biotic component, energy component pollutant, receptor, sink, particulate, DO, BOD, threshold limit value, COD, air pollution-causes, effects, acid rain |
| Green house effect, ozone depletion, control of air pollution, water pollution-causes, effects, control measures |
Mathematics
Mathematics: Unit 01
Matrices |
|---|
| Matrices of 3rd order: Types of matrices, algebra of matrices, transpose of a matrix, symmetric, Skew symmetric matrices, minor, cofactor of an element, determinant of a square matrix, properties, Laplace’s expansion, singular and non singular matrices |
| Matrices of 3rd order: Adjoint and multiplicative inverse of a square matrix, system of linear equations in 3 variables, solutions by Crammer’s rule, matrix inversion method, Gauss-Jordan methods |
| Partial fractions: Resolving a given rational function into partial fractions |
Mathematics: Unit 02
Trigonometry |
|---|
| Properties of trigonometric functions, ratios of compound angles, multiple angles, sub multiple angles, transformations of products into sum or difference and vice versa, simple trigonometric equations, properties of triangles |
| Inverse trigonometric functions |
| Complex numbers: Modulus and conjugate, arithmetic operations on complex number, modulus, amplitude form (polar form), Euler form (exponential form), properties, De Movire’s theorem and its applications |
Mathematics: Unit 03
Analytical geometry |
|---|
| Circles-equation given center and radius, given ends of diameter, general equation, finding center and radius |
| Standard forms of equations of parabola, ellipse and hyperbola, simple properties |
Mathematics: Unit 04
Differentiation and its applications |
|---|
| Functions and limits, standard limits, differentiation from the first principles, differentiation of sum, product, quotient of functions, function of function, trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, exponential, logarithmic, hyperbolic functions |
| Implicit, explicit and parametric functions, derivative of a function with respect to another function, second order derivatives, geometrical applications of the derivative (angle between curves, tangent and normal), increasing and decreasing functions |
| Maxima and minima (single variable functions) using second order derivative only, derivative as rate measure, errors and approximations, partial differentiation, partial derivatives up to second order, Euler’s theorem |
Mathematics: Unit 05
Integration and its applications |
|---|
| Indefinite integral, standard forms, integration by decomposition of the integrand of trigonometric, algebraic, exponential, logarithmic and hyperbolic functions, integration by substitution, integration of reducible and irreducible quadratic factors |
| Integration by parts, definite integrals and properties, definite integral as the limit of a sum, application of integration to find areas under plane curves and volumes of solids of revolution, mean and RMS value |
Mathematics: Unit 06
Differential equations |
|---|
| Definition of a differential equation, order and degree of a differential equation, formation of differential equations, solution of differential equation of the type first order, first degree, variable, separable, homogeneous equations, exact |
| Linear differential equation of the form dy/dx + Py = Q, Bernoulli’s equation |
| nth order linear differential equation with constant coefficients both homogeneous and non homogeneous and finding the particular integrals for the functions, e ax, x m, Sin ax, Cos ax |
Physics
Physics: Unit 01
Units and dimensions |
|---|
| Physical quantity, fundamental and derived physical quantities, units, fundamental and derived units, SI units, multiples and sub-multiples in SI units, advantages of SI units, dimensions and dimensional formulae, dimensionless quantities |
| Applications and limitations of dimensional analysis, problems |
Physics: Unit 02
Elements of vectors |
|---|
| Scalar and vector quantities-examples, graphical representation of a vector, types of vectors, addition and subtraction of vectors, triangle law, parallelogram law and its cases, polygon law, resolution of a vector, unit vectors (i, j, k) |
| Dot product and cross product of two vectors, characteristics of dot and cross products-examples, problems |
Physics: Unit 03
Kinematics and friction |
|---|
| Equations of motion, acceleration due to gravity, equations of motion under gravity, expressions for maximum height, time of ascent, time of descent, time of flight, velocity on reaching the point of projection |
| Motion of a body projected from the top of a tower, projectile motion-examples, horizontal and oblique projections, expressions for maximum height, time of ascent, time of flight, horizontal range, magnitude and direction of resultant velocity-problems |
| Friction, normal reaction, laws of friction, coefficients of friction, angle of friction, methods of reducing friction, advantages and disadvantages of friction, motion of a body over a smooth inclined plane and a rough inclined plane–problems |
Physics: Unit 04
Work, power, and energy |
|---|
| Work, power and energy-definitions and units, potential and kinetic energies, examples and expressions, law of conservation of energy-problems, renewable and non-renewable sources of energy (solar, wind, biogas, tidal, nuclear energies, etc) |
Physics: Unit 05
Simple harmonic motion and acoustics |
|---|
| Definition, conditions of S.H.M., examples of S.H.M., expressions for displacement, velocity, acceleration, time period, frequency and phase of S.H.M., time period of a simple pendulum, seconds pendulum-problems |
| Sound, musical sound and noise, noise pollution, effects and methods of control of noise pollution, beats and echoe-problems, doppler effect, explanation, cases and applications, acoustics of buildings, reverberation, Sabines’ formula |
| Characteristics of a good building-problems |
Physics: Unit 06
Heat and thermodynamics |
|---|
| Expansion of gases, Boyle’s law, absolute scale of temperature, Charle’s laws, ideal gas equation, universal gas constant and its value, SI units-problems, external work done by a gas, isothermal process, adiabatic process |
| First law of thermodynamics and its applications to isothermal process and adiabatic process, two specific heats of a gas, relation between Cp and Cv-problems, second law of thermodynamics and its applications |
Physics: Unit 07
Modern physics |
|---|
| Photoelectric effect, explanation and its laws, applications of photoelectric effect (photocell), critical angle and total internal reflection, optical fibers-principle, working, types and applications |
| Concept of super conductivity-its properties and applications |
Computer science and engineering
Computer science and engineering: Unit 01
Digital electronics |
|---|
| Logic families: TTL, ECL, MOS, logic gates AND, OR, NOT, NOR, NAND and XOR, Boolean expressions, K-mapm, combinational circuits, flip-flops, registers, counters, decoders, multiplexers and semiconductor memories |
Computer science and engineering: Unit 02
Microprocessors |
|---|
| 8086 microprocessor-architecture, segmentation concepts, register organization, addressing modes, instruction set, preliminary features of 80286, 80386, and 80486 |
Computer science and engineering: Unit 03
Computer organization |
|---|
| Functional blocks of CPU, fixed point, floating point number representations, instructions, addressing modes, stored program concept, instruction execution, memory hierarchy, virtual memory, associative memory, cache memory, I/O organization |
| Methods of data transfer, programmed I/O, DMA, Interrupts, IOP |
Computer science and engineering: Unit 04
C and data structures |
|---|
| Data types, storage classes, operators and expressions, control statements, functions, parameter passing, call by value, call by reference-arrays, strings, pointers, structures, unions, type definitions, pre processor statements, files, data structures |
| Linked lists, queues and stacks, trees, binary trees, sorting: Bubble, selection, insertion, quick and merge sorts, searching: Linear and binary search techniques |
Computer science and engineering: Unit 05
Computer networks |
|---|
| OSI reference model, TCP/IP reference model, classification of networks, network topologies: Bus, ring, star, mesh, hybrid, LAN components, coaxial, twisted pair, optical fiber cables and connectors-repeaters, hubs, switches, NIC-ethernet, token bus |
| Token ring, inter network packet exchange/ sequenced packet exchange-HTTP, FTP, SMTP, telnet-TCP/IP addressing scheme-IP address classes, sub netting |
Computer science and engineering: Unit 06
Operating systems |
|---|
| Windows: Advantages, features, hardware requirements, various menus and tool bars, operating system services, process management, CPU scheduling algorithms, deadlocks, memory management, overlays, paging, segmentation, virtual memory |
| Page replacement algorithms, disk scheduling, free space management, disk scheduling algorithms |
Computer science and engineering: Unit 07
RDBMS |
|---|
| Need of database systems, data independence, data models, E-R model, structure of relational database, normal forms: 1st, 2nd and 3rd-SQL, data types, operators, DDL, DML and DCL commands-views, sequences, synonyms, indexes and clusters, PL/SQL |
| Data types, control structures, cursor management, exceptions, functions, triggers, procedures and packages |
Computer science and engineering: Unit 08
Object oriented programming through C++ |
|---|
| Concept of OOPs, classes and objects, constructors and destructors, arrays, pointers, references, inline functions, function overloading and operator overloading, inheritance, virtual functions, friend functions, this pointer, I/O manipulators |
| File and i/o functions |
Computer science and engineering: Unit 09
Java programming |
|---|
| Java, data types, variables, operators, arrays, classes and objects, methods, constructors, overloading, inheritance, visibility mode, packages, interfaces, multithreading, exception handling, applets |
Computer science and engineering: Unit 10
Internet programming and ADO.net |
|---|
| Internet fundamentals, HTML, tags, attributes, formatting text, PHP, loops, strings, statements, arrays, functions, databases, cookies, sessions, debugging |
| ADO.net, data adapters, data sets, connection objects and command objects |
AP ECET Electronics and Communication Engineering Syllabus
Chemistry
Chemistry: Unit 01
Atomic structure |
|---|
| Introduction-fundamental particles, Bohr’s theory, quantum numbers, Aufbau principle, Hund’s rule, Pauli’s exclusion principle, electronic configurations of elements up to atomic number 20, shapes of s,p,d orbitals |
Chemistry: Unit 02
Chemical bonding |
|---|
| Introduction, types of chemical bonds, ionic bond taking example of NaCl and MgO, characteristics of ionic compounds and covalent bond taking example H, O, N, HCL characteristics of covalent compounds |
Chemistry: Unit 03
Solutions |
|---|
| Introduction, solution classification of solutions, solute, solvent, concentration, mole concept, molarity, normality, equivalent weight using acids, bases and salts, numerical problems on molarity and normality |
Chemistry: Unit 04
Acids and bases |
|---|
| Introduction, theories of acids and bases, Arrhinus, Bronsted-Lowry theory, Lewis acid base theory, ionic product of water, pH and related numerical problems, buffers solutions, applications |
Chemistry: Unit 05
Electrochemistry |
|---|
| Conductors, insulators, electrolytes, Arrhenius theory of electrolytic dissociation, electrolysis, Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, numerical problems, Galvanic cell, standard electrode potential, electro chemical series |
| Emf and numerical problems on emf of a cell |
Chemistry: Unit 06
Water technology |
|---|
| Introduction, soft and hard water, causes of hardness, types of hardness, disadvantages of hard water, degree of hardness, units and its relations, softening methods, permutit process, ion exchange process, qualities of drinking water |
| Municipal treatment of water for drinking purpose |
Chemistry: Unit 07
Corrosion |
|---|
| Introduction, factors influencing corrosion, electrochemical theory of corrosion, composition cell, stress cell and concentration cells, rusting of iron and its mechanism, prevention of corrosion by-(a) coating methods |
| Prevention of corrosion by-(b) cathodic protection (sacrificial and impressive voltage methods) |
Chemistry: Unit 08
Polymers |
|---|
| Introduction, polymerisation, types of polymerisation–addition, condensation and co-polymerisation with examples, plastics, types of plastics, advantages of plastics over traditional materials, disadvantages of using plastics |
| Thermo plastics and thermo stetting plastics, differences between thermo plastics and thermo stetting plastics, preparation and uses of the following plastics: (i) Polythene, (ii) PVC, (iii) teflon, (iv) polystyrene, (v) urea formaldehyde, rubber |
| Natural rubber, processing from latex, vulcanization, elastomers, Buna-S, neoprene rubber and their uses |
Chemistry: Unit 09
Fuels |
|---|
| Definition and classification of fuels based on physical state and occurrence, characteristics of good fuel, extraction and refining of petroleum, composition and uses of gaseous fuels-(a) water gas, (b) producer gas, (c) natural gas, (d) coal gas |
| Composition and uses of gaseous fuels-(e) bio gas, (f) acetylene |
Chemistry: Unit 10
Environmental chemistry |
|---|
| Introduction, environment, understand the terms-lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere biosphere, biotic component, energy component pollutant, receptor, sink, particulate, DO, BOD, threshold limit value, COD, air pollution-causes, effects, acid rain |
| Green house effect, ozone depletion, control of air pollution, water pollution-causes, effects, control measures |
Mathematics
Mathematics: Unit 01
Matrices |
|---|
| Matrices of 3rd order: Types of matrices, algebra of matrices, transpose of a matrix, symmetric, Skew symmetric matrices, minor, cofactor of an element, determinant of a square matrix, properties, Laplace’s expansion, singular and non singular matrices |
| Matrices of 3rd order: Adjoint and multiplicative inverse of a square matrix, system of linear equations in 3 variables, solutions by Crammer’s rule, matrix inversion method, Gauss-Jordan methods |
| Partial fractions: Resolving a given rational function into partial fractions |
Mathematics: Unit 02
Trigonometry |
|---|
| Properties of trigonometric functions, ratios of compound angles, multiple angles, sub multiple angles, transformations of products into sum or difference and vice versa, simple trigonometric equations, properties of triangles |
| Inverse trigonometric functions |
| Complex numbers: Modulus and conjugate, arithmetic operations on complex number, modulus, amplitude form (polar form), Euler form (exponential form), properties, De Movire’s theorem and its applications |
Mathematics: Unit 03
Analytical geometry |
|---|
| Circles-equation given center and radius, given ends of diameter, general equation, finding center and radius |
| Standard forms of equations of parabola, ellipse and hyperbola, simple properties |
Mathematics: Unit 04
Differentiation and its applications |
|---|
| Functions and limits, standard limits, differentiation from the first principles, differentiation of sum, product, quotient of functions, function of function, trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, exponential, logarithmic, hyperbolic functions |
| Implicit, explicit and parametric functions, derivative of a function with respect to another function, second order derivatives, geometrical applications of the derivative (angle between curves, tangent and normal), increasing and decreasing functions |
| Maxima and minima (single variable functions) using second order derivative only, derivative as rate measure, errors and approximations, partial differentiation, partial derivatives up to second order, Euler’s theorem |
Mathematics: Unit 05
Integration and its applications |
|---|
| Indefinite integral, standard forms, integration by decomposition of the integrand of trigonometric, algebraic, exponential, logarithmic and hyperbolic functions, integration by substitution, integration of reducible and irreducible quadratic factors |
| Integration by parts, definite integrals and properties, definite integral as the limit of a sum, application of integration to find areas under plane curves and volumes of solids of revolution, mean and RMS value |
Mathematics: Unit 06
Differential equations |
|---|
| Definition of a differential equation, order and degree of a differential equation, formation of differential equations, solution of differential equation of the type first order, first degree, variable, separable, homogeneous equations, exact |
| Linear differential equation of the form dy/dx + Py = Q, Bernoulli’s equation |
| nth order linear differential equation with constant coefficients both homogeneous and non homogeneous and finding the particular integrals for the functions, e ax, x m, Sin ax, Cos ax |
Physics
Physics: Unit 01
Units and dimensions |
|---|
| Physical quantity, fundamental and derived physical quantities, units, fundamental and derived units, SI units, multiples and sub-multiples in SI units, advantages of SI units, dimensions and dimensional formulae, dimensionless quantities |
| Applications and limitations of dimensional analysis, problems |
Physics: Unit 02
Elements of vectors |
|---|
| Scalar and vector quantities-examples, graphical representation of a vector, types of vectors, addition and subtraction of vectors, triangle law, parallelogram law and its cases, polygon law, resolution of a vector, unit vectors (i, j, k) |
| Dot product and cross product of two vectors, characteristics of dot and cross products-examples, problems |
Physics: Unit 03
Kinematics and friction |
|---|
| Equations of motion, acceleration due to gravity, equations of motion under gravity, expressions for maximum height, time of ascent, time of descent, time of flight, velocity on reaching the point of projection |
| Motion of a body projected from the top of a tower, projectile motion-examples, horizontal and oblique projections, expressions for maximum height, time of ascent, time of flight, horizontal range, magnitude and direction of resultant velocity-problems |
| Friction, normal reaction, laws of friction, coefficients of friction, angle of friction, methods of reducing friction, advantages and disadvantages of friction, motion of a body over a smooth inclined plane and a rough inclined plane–problems |
Physics: Unit 04
Work, power, and energy |
|---|
| Work, power and energy-definitions and units, potential and kinetic energies, examples and expressions, law of conservation of energy-problems, renewable and non-renewable sources of energy (solar, wind, biogas, tidal, nuclear energies, etc) |
Physics: Unit 05
Simple harmonic motion and acoustics |
|---|
| Definition, conditions of S.H.M., examples of S.H.M., expressions for displacement, velocity, acceleration, time period, frequency and phase of S.H.M., time period of a simple pendulum, seconds pendulum-problems |
| Sound, musical sound and noise, noise pollution, effects and methods of control of noise pollution, beats and echoe-problems, doppler effect, explanation, cases and applications, acoustics of buildings, reverberation, Sabines’ formula |
| Characteristics of a good building-problems |
Physics: Unit 06
Heat and thermodynamics |
|---|
| Expansion of gases, Boyle’s law, absolute scale of temperature, Charle’s laws, ideal gas equation, universal gas constant and its value, SI units-problems, external work done by a gas, isothermal process, adiabatic process |
| First law of thermodynamics and its applications to isothermal process and adiabatic process, two specific heats of a gas, relation between Cp and Cv-problems, second law of thermodynamics and its applications |
Physics: Unit 07
Modern physics |
|---|
| Photoelectric effect, explanation and its laws, applications of photoelectric effect (photocell), critical angle and total internal reflection, optical fibers-principle, working, types and applications |
| Concept of super conductivity-its properties and applications |
Electronics and communication engineering
Electronics and communication engineering: Unit 01
Electronic devices and circuits theory |
|---|
| Semiconductor diodes, varactor diode, Zener diode, clippers and clampers, transistors, FETs, UJT (characteristics only), power supplies, rectifiers and filters, HW, FW and bridge type, RC, LC and CLC filters , series and shunt regulators |
| Transistor amplifiers, CE, CC and CB configurations, biasing techniques, RC coupled, transformer coupled amplifiers, differential amplifiers-feedback, power and tuned amplifiers, operational amplifiers, characteristics and applications |
| RC, LC and crystal oscillators, astable, bistable and monostable, multivibrators using transistors and 555 timers, Schmitt trigger, sweep circuits, Miller and bootstrap circuits |
Electronics and communication engineering: Unit 02
Circuit theory |
|---|
| Mesh current and node voltage analysis, Crammer’s rule. network theorems, Thevenin’s, Norton’s, maximum power transfer, superposition and reciprocity theorems, series and parallel resonance, Q-factor, selectivity, bandwidth, linear wave shaping circuits |
| Transmission lines, characteristic impedance, reflection coefficient, SWR, transmission line losses and impedance matching |
Electronics and communication engineering: Unit 03
Electronic measuring instruments |
|---|
| Analog instruments, extension of range of ammeter, voltmeter and Ohmmeter, FET voltmeter, differential voltmeter, digital instruments, Ramp, dual slope integration, successive approximation, digital frequency meter, digital LCR meter, CRO, CRT |
| Time base generator, deflection sensitivity, triggered sweep circuits, CRO applications, AF oscillator, RF signal generator, AF and RF power meters, Q meter, distortion factor meter, digital IC teste |
Electronics and communication engineering: Unit 04
Industrial and measuring electronics |
|---|
| Thyristor family, SCR ,TRIAC, power BJT, IGBT (characteristics, working principle and applications), converters, single phase HW, FW fully controlled, choppers, modes of operation, inverters and cycloconverters, series and parallel inverters |
| PWM inverters, sinusoidal three phase inverters, single phase center tapped cycloconverters, speed control of A.C./ D.C. motors using converters and choppers |
| SMPS, off line and on line UPS, opto electronic devices, LDR, photo diode and transistor and photo voltaic cell (characteristics and applications), transducers, LVDT, strain gauge, thermistor, thermocouple, ultrasonics, pulse echo flaw detector |
Electronics and communication engineering: Unit 05
Communication systems |
|---|
| Analog, need for modulation, types of modulation, AM, FM, PM, modulation index, bandwidth, power requirements, transmitters, low level, high level and SSB types, receivers, super heterodyne, AM and FM receivers, characteristics, sensitivity, selectivity |
| Fidelity, IMRR and choice of IF, wave propagation, ground, sky and space waves-properties |
| Digital, pulse modulation, PCM, delta modulation, data codes, synchronous and asynchronous transmission, error detection and correction, digital modulation, ASK ,FSK, PSK and QAM, generation and detection, multiplexing, TDM, FDM, multiple access, TDMA |
Electronics and communication engineering: Unit 06
Advanced communication systems |
|---|
| Antennas, radiation resistance, beam width, polarization, directivity, efficiency, bandwidth, gain, front to back ratio, folded dipole, arrays, broadside, end fire, Yagi, log periodic, turnstile antennas, parabolic reflectors-beam width |
| Parabolic reflectors-gain and applications |
| Wave guides, rectangular, dominant mode, phase and group velocity, cut off wavelength, working principle and applications of magnetron, Klystron, TWT, radar, range equation, pulsed radars, indicators, duplexers, CW radars and MTI radars |
| Satellite communication, up link and down link frequencies, types of satellites, satellite on board, earth station systems, satellite applications, fiber optic communication, types of fibers, couplers, splices, connectors, switches |
| Optical emitters and detectors, optical repeaters, wave length division multiplexing, mobile communication, cellular concept, AMPS, GSM, CDMA systems |
Electronics and communication engineering: Unit 07
Digital electronics |
|---|
| Number systems, logic gates, Boolean algebra, adders and subtractors, flip-flops, registers and counters, memories, RAM, ROM, flash ROM, NVROM, D/A converters, binary weighted, R-2R ladder, A/D converter, counter and successive approximation types |
Electronics and communication engineering: Unit 08
Microcontrollers and microprocessors |
|---|
| 8051 architecture, instruction set, subroutines, use of input and output machine related statements, time delay programme, assembler directives, peripheral Ics, 8251, 8255, and 8257–8086 architecture, instruction set |
| Features of Pentium and its derivatives |
Electronics and communication engineering: Unit 09
Audio video systems |
|---|
| Recording and reproduction of sound using magnetic and optical methods, television picture elements, scanning and synchronization, blanking and interlacing, composite video signal, flicker, camera tubes, image orthicon, silicon diode array, TV receivers |
| Tuner, IF, sync separator, deflection circuits, EHT and sound circuits, color TV, additive and subtractive mixing, color picture tubes, degaussing, types of color TV systems, NTSC , PAL and SECAM, PAL system processing, DTH system |
Electronics and communication engineering: Unit 10
Data communications and computer networks |
|---|
| Transmission media, twisted pair, UTP, STP, coaxial cable, optical fibre, comparison, Shannon capacity theorem, network topologies, BUS, STAR , RING, switching, packet and message switching, OSI architecture and functions, CSMA, CDMA and token ring |
| Properties and operations, wireless LAN, bluetooth technology, WAN architecture, packet transmission, ARPA Net, ISP and ISDN architectures, WAN protocols, X .25, frame relay, ATM, TCP/IP features and comparison, ports and sockets, domain name system |
| POP and SMTP server, file transfer protocol, proxy server and web server architecture |
AP ECET Electrical and Electronics Engineering Syllabus
Chemistry
Chemistry: Unit 01
Atomic structure |
|---|
| Introduction-fundamental particles, Bohr’s theory, quantum numbers, Aufbau principle, Hund’s rule, Pauli’s exclusion principle, electronic configurations of elements up to atomic number 20, shapes of s,p,d orbitals |
Chemistry: Unit 02
Chemical bonding |
|---|
| Introduction, types of chemical bonds, ionic bond taking example of NaCl and MgO, characteristics of ionic compounds and covalent bond taking example H, O, N, HCL characteristics of covalent compounds |
Chemistry: Unit 03
Solutions |
|---|
| Introduction, solution classification of solutions, solute, solvent, concentration, mole concept, molarity, normality, equivalent weight using acids, bases and salts, numerical problems on molarity and normality |
Chemistry: Unit 04
Acids and bases |
|---|
| Introduction, theories of acids and bases, Arrhinus, Bronsted-Lowry theory, Lewis acid base theory, ionic product of water, pH and related numerical problems, buffers solutions, applications |
Chemistry: Unit 05
Electrochemistry |
|---|
| Conductors, insulators, electrolytes, Arrhenius theory of electrolytic dissociation, electrolysis, Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, numerical problems, Galvanic cell, standard electrode potential, electro chemical series |
| Emf and numerical problems on emf of a cell |
Chemistry: Unit 06
Water technology |
|---|
| Introduction, soft and hard water, causes of hardness, types of hardness, disadvantages of hard water, degree of hardness, units and its relations, softening methods, permutit process, ion exchange process, qualities of drinking water |
| Municipal treatment of water for drinking purpose |
Chemistry: Unit 07
Corrosion |
|---|
| Introduction, factors influencing corrosion, electrochemical theory of corrosion, composition cell, stress cell and concentration cells, rusting of iron and its mechanism, prevention of corrosion by-(a) coating methods |
| Prevention of corrosion by-(b) cathodic protection (sacrificial and impressive voltage methods) |
Chemistry: Unit 08
Polymers |
|---|
| Introduction, polymerisation, types of polymerisation–addition, condensation and co-polymerisation with examples, plastics, types of plastics, advantages of plastics over traditional materials, disadvantages of using plastics |
| Thermo plastics and thermo stetting plastics, differences between thermo plastics and thermo stetting plastics, preparation and uses of the following plastics: (i) Polythene, (ii) PVC, (iii) teflon, (iv) polystyrene, (v) urea formaldehyde, rubber |
| Natural rubber, processing from latex, vulcanization, elastomers, Buna-S, neoprene rubber and their uses |
Chemistry: Unit 09
Fuels |
|---|
| Definition and classification of fuels based on physical state and occurrence, characteristics of good fuel, extraction and refining of petroleum, composition and uses of gaseous fuels-(a) water gas, (b) producer gas, (c) natural gas, (d) coal gas |
| Composition and uses of gaseous fuels-(e) bio gas, (f) acetylene |
Chemistry: Unit 10
Environmental chemistry |
|---|
| Introduction, environment, understand the terms-lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere biosphere, biotic component, energy component pollutant, receptor, sink, particulate, DO, BOD, threshold limit value, COD, air pollution-causes, effects, acid rain |
| Green house effect, ozone depletion, control of air pollution, water pollution-causes, effects, control measures |
Mathematics
Mathematics: Unit 01
Matrices |
|---|
| Matrices of 3rd order: Types of matrices, algebra of matrices, transpose of a matrix, symmetric, Skew symmetric matrices, minor, cofactor of an element, determinant of a square matrix, properties, Laplace’s expansion, singular and non singular matrices |
| Matrices of 3rd order: Adjoint and multiplicative inverse of a square matrix, system of linear equations in 3 variables, solutions by Crammer’s rule, matrix inversion method, Gauss-Jordan methods |
| Partial fractions: Resolving a given rational function into partial fractions |
Mathematics: Unit 02
Trigonometry |
|---|
| Properties of trigonometric functions, ratios of compound angles, multiple angles, sub multiple angles, transformations of products into sum or difference and vice versa, simple trigonometric equations, properties of triangles |
| Inverse trigonometric functions |
| Complex numbers: Modulus and conjugate, arithmetic operations on complex number, modulus, amplitude form (polar form), Euler form (exponential form), properties, De Movire’s theorem and its applications |
Mathematics: Unit 03
Analytical geometry |
|---|
| Circles-equation given center and radius, given ends of diameter, general equation, finding center and radius |
| Standard forms of equations of parabola, ellipse and hyperbola, simple properties |
Mathematics: Unit 04
Differentiation and its applications |
|---|
| Functions and limits, standard limits, differentiation from the first principles, differentiation of sum, product, quotient of functions, function of function, trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, exponential, logarithmic, hyperbolic functions |
| Implicit, explicit and parametric functions, derivative of a function with respect to another function, second order derivatives, geometrical applications of the derivative (angle between curves, tangent and normal), increasing and decreasing functions |
| Maxima and minima (single variable functions) using second order derivative only, derivative as rate measure, errors and approximations, partial differentiation, partial derivatives up to second order, Euler’s theorem |
Mathematics: Unit 05
Integration and its applications |
|---|
| Indefinite integral, standard forms, integration by decomposition of the integrand of trigonometric, algebraic, exponential, logarithmic and hyperbolic functions, integration by substitution, integration of reducible and irreducible quadratic factors |
| Integration by parts, definite integrals and properties, definite integral as the limit of a sum, application of integration to find areas under plane curves and volumes of solids of revolution, mean and RMS value |
Mathematics: Unit 06
Differential equations |
|---|
| Definition of a differential equation, order and degree of a differential equation, formation of differential equations, solution of differential equation of the type first order, first degree, variable, separable, homogeneous equations, exact |
| Linear differential equation of the form dy/dx + Py = Q, Bernoulli’s equation |
| nth order linear differential equation with constant coefficients both homogeneous and non homogeneous and finding the particular integrals for the functions, e ax, x m, Sin ax, Cos ax |
Physics
Physics: Unit 01
Units and dimensions |
|---|
| Physical quantity, fundamental and derived physical quantities, units, fundamental and derived units, SI units, multiples and sub-multiples in SI units, advantages of SI units, dimensions and dimensional formulae, dimensionless quantities |
| Applications and limitations of dimensional analysis, problems |
Physics: Unit 02
Elements of vectors |
|---|
| Scalar and vector quantities-examples, graphical representation of a vector, types of vectors, addition and subtraction of vectors, triangle law, parallelogram law and its cases, polygon law, resolution of a vector, unit vectors (i, j, k) |
| Dot product and cross product of two vectors, characteristics of dot and cross products-examples, problems |
Physics: Unit 03
Kinematics and friction |
|---|
| Equations of motion, acceleration due to gravity, equations of motion under gravity, expressions for maximum height, time of ascent, time of descent, time of flight, velocity on reaching the point of projection |
| Motion of a body projected from the top of a tower, projectile motion-examples, horizontal and oblique projections, expressions for maximum height, time of ascent, time of flight, horizontal range, magnitude and direction of resultant velocity-problems |
| Friction, normal reaction, laws of friction, coefficients of friction, angle of friction, methods of reducing friction, advantages and disadvantages of friction, motion of a body over a smooth inclined plane and a rough inclined plane–problems |
Physics: Unit 04
Work, power, and energy |
|---|
| Work, power and energy-definitions and units, potential and kinetic energies, examples and expressions, law of conservation of energy-problems, renewable and non-renewable sources of energy (solar, wind, biogas, tidal, nuclear energies, etc) |
Physics: Unit 05
Simple harmonic motion and acoustics |
|---|
| Definition, conditions of S.H.M., examples of S.H.M., expressions for displacement, velocity, acceleration, time period, frequency and phase of S.H.M., time period of a simple pendulum, seconds pendulum-problems |
| Sound, musical sound and noise, noise pollution, effects and methods of control of noise pollution, beats and echoe-problems, doppler effect, explanation, cases and applications, acoustics of buildings, reverberation, Sabines’ formula |
| Characteristics of a good building-problems |
Physics: Unit 06
Heat and thermodynamics |
|---|
| Expansion of gases, Boyle’s law, absolute scale of temperature, Charle’s laws, ideal gas equation, universal gas constant and its value, SI units-problems, external work done by a gas, isothermal process, adiabatic process |
| First law of thermodynamics and its applications to isothermal process and adiabatic process, two specific heats of a gas, relation between Cp and Cv-problems, second law of thermodynamics and its applications |
Physics: Unit 07
Modern physics |
|---|
| Photoelectric effect, explanation and its laws, applications of photoelectric effect (photocell), critical angle and total internal reflection, optical fibers-principle, working, types and applications |
| Concept of super conductivity-its properties and applications |
Electrical and electronics engineering
Electrical and electronics engineering: Unit 01
Basic electrical engineering |
|---|
| Ohms and Kirchhoff’s laws, star/ delta transformation, network theorems, power and energy, heating effects of electric current, magnetic effects, electromagnetic induction, electrostatics, batteries, types of electrical engineering materials-conducting |
| Semi-conducting, magnetic, insulating, di-electric-properties and uses |
Electrical and electronics engineering: Unit 02
D.C. machines, batteries and measuring instruments |
|---|
| D.C. generators: Construction, Operation, types, EMF equation, windings, characteristics, efficiency and parallel operation |
| D.C. motors: Principle of operation, back EMF, torque equation, types, armature reaction. Characteristics, starters, speed control, losses, efficiency and testing, battries |
| Measurements instruments: Classification, principle of operation of moving coil, moving iron, dynamometer type, induction type meters, instrument transformers, induction type energy meter, M.D. indicator, TRI vector meter, PF meter, frequency meter |
| Measurements instruments: Measurement of resistance, transducers and sensors-types, thermistor, thermocouple, pressure transducers and strain gauges |
Electrical and electronics engineering: Unit 03
A.C. circuits and transformers |
|---|
| A.C. circuits: Fundamentals, Series and parallel R-L-C circuits, resonant circuits, polyphase circuits, measurement of power by 2 wattmeters |
| Transformers: Single-phase transformer, construction, operation, equivalent circuit regulation, efficiency, testing and parallel operation, accessories of transformers and cooling. Three-phase transformers, auto-transformers |
Electrical and electronics engineering: Unit 04
A.C. machines |
|---|
| Alternators: Construction, operation, EMF equation, regulation, testing and parallel operation |
| Synchronous motors: Operation and performance, effects of excitation, ‘V’-curve and inverted ‘V’-curve, methods of starting and uses |
| Three-phase induction motors: Construction, principle of operation, torque equation, slip-torque characteristics, losses, efficiency, speed control, starters, double-cage motor |
| Single phase induction motors: Types, principle of operation, applications. Single-phase commutator motors: Types, principle of operation and applications |
Electrical and electronics engineering: Unit 05
Power system generation and protection |
|---|
| Generating stations: Working, components, domparison of thermal, hydel, nuclear and gas power stations. Pollution control, combined working, power stations auxiliaries, characteristic curves and important terms, types of tariffs |
| Generating stations: Power factor correction and economy |
| Power systems protection: Circuit breakers-types, principles of operation and uses, current limiting reactors, relays-classification, principle of operation of induction type over current relay, directional and non directional relays |
| Power systems protection: Differential relays and distance relays, protection of alternators, transformers, bus-bars, transmission lines, lightening arrestors, neutral grounding |
Electrical and electronics engineering: Unit 06
Transmission and distribution |
|---|
| Transmission and distribution: Types of supply systems, transmission line parameters, inductance and capacitance, performance of short and medium lines, regulation, Ferranti effect, corona, basic concepts of HVDC transmission |
| Transmission and distribution: Advantage and disadvantages of HVDC transmission. Components of lines, supports, conductor spacing, ground clearance and sag, insulators, voltage distribution across the string, string efficiency |
| Transmission and distribution: Methods of improving string efficiency. Earthing and layout of sub-stations. Cables-classification, insulation resistance, specifications. Distribution-radial and ring distributors, variation of load voltage |
Electrical and electronics engineering: Unit 07
Electric traction |
|---|
| Electric traction: Systems of train electrification, speed-time curves for different services, schedule speed, tractive effort, specific energy consumption, traction system auxiliaries, traction motor |
Electrical and electronics engineering: Unit 08
Electrical estimation |
|---|
| Electric wiring: Tools, wires, types of wiring, accessories, lamp circuits, estimating and costing of domestic, industrial, power, irrigation pump sets, over head lines and ii KV sub stations, rural electrification, departmental tests, earthing |
| Electric wiring: Maintenance of electrical machines |
Electrical and electronics engineering: Unit 09
Basic electronics and digital electronics |
|---|
| Semi-conductor devices: N type and P type, Zener diode, PNP and NPN transistors, transistor configurations, characteristics, power supplies-half and full wave rectifiers, filters, Zener diode regulation, special devices-UJT, FET, LED, SCR |
| Semi-conductor devices: Opto coupler, photo diode, photo transistor, CRO and timers |
| Amplifiers: Types, pinciples of operation, characteristics |
| Oscillators: Types, operation and application of each |
| Digital electronics: Different numbering systems, inter conversions, Boolean algebra, logic families, performance of AND, OR, NOT, NOR, NAND gates, combinational logic circuits, sequential logic circuits, resistors and memories, A/D and D/A converters |
Electrical and electronics engineering: Unit 10
Power electronics and micro controller |
|---|
| Power electronic devices: Construction and working of SCR, GTOSCR, DIAC, TRIAC, volt-ampere characteristics, triggering of SCR using UJT, protection |
| Converters, AC regulators, choppers, inverters and cycloconverters: Types of Converters, working of AC regulators and choppers. Types of inverters, principles of working, basic principle of working of cyclo converters |
| Converters, AC regulators, choppers, inverters and cycloconverters: Speed control of D.C. motors by using converters and choppers, speed control of induction motor by using AC voltage regulators-V/F control, switched mode power supplies (SMPS), UPS |
| Micro Controllers: Architecture of 8051, instruction set of 8051, programming concepts, peripheral ICS-function, features |
AP ECET Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering Syllabus
Chemistry
Chemistry: Unit 01
Atomic structure |
|---|
| Introduction-fundamental particles, Bohr’s theory, quantum numbers, Aufbau principle, Hund’s rule, Pauli’s exclusion principle, electronic configurations of elements up to atomic number 20, shapes of s,p,d orbitals |
Chemistry: Unit 02
Chemical bonding |
|---|
| Introduction, types of chemical bonds, ionic bond taking example of NaCl and MgO, characteristics of ionic compounds and covalent bond taking example H, O, N, HCL characteristics of covalent compounds |
Chemistry: Unit 03
Solutions |
|---|
| Introduction, solution classification of solutions, solute, solvent, concentration, mole concept, molarity, normality, equivalent weight using acids, bases and salts, numerical problems on molarity and normality |
Chemistry: Unit 04
Acids and bases |
|---|
| Introduction, theories of acids and bases, Arrhinus, Bronsted-Lowry theory, Lewis acid base theory, ionic product of water, pH and related numerical problems, buffers solutions, applications |
Chemistry: Unit 05
Electrochemistry |
|---|
| Conductors, insulators, electrolytes, Arrhenius theory of electrolytic dissociation, electrolysis, Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, numerical problems, Galvanic cell, standard electrode potential, electro chemical series |
| Emf and numerical problems on emf of a cell |
Chemistry: Unit 06
Water technology |
|---|
| Introduction, soft and hard water, causes of hardness, types of hardness, disadvantages of hard water, degree of hardness, units and its relations, softening methods, permutit process, ion exchange process, qualities of drinking water |
| Municipal treatment of water for drinking purpose |
Chemistry: Unit 07
Corrosion |
|---|
| Introduction, factors influencing corrosion, electrochemical theory of corrosion, composition cell, stress cell and concentration cells, rusting of iron and its mechanism, prevention of corrosion by-(a) coating methods |
| Prevention of corrosion by-(b) cathodic protection (sacrificial and impressive voltage methods) |
Chemistry: Unit 08
Polymers |
|---|
| Introduction, polymerisation, types of polymerisation–addition, condensation and co-polymerisation with examples, plastics, types of plastics, advantages of plastics over traditional materials, disadvantages of using plastics |
| Thermo plastics and thermo stetting plastics, differences between thermo plastics and thermo stetting plastics, preparation and uses of the following plastics: (i) Polythene, (ii) PVC, (iii) teflon, (iv) polystyrene, (v) urea formaldehyde, rubber |
| Natural rubber, processing from latex, vulcanization, elastomers, Buna-S, neoprene rubber and their uses |
Chemistry: Unit 09
Fuels |
|---|
| Definition and classification of fuels based on physical state and occurrence, characteristics of good fuel, extraction and refining of petroleum, composition and uses of gaseous fuels-(a) water gas, (b) producer gas, (c) natural gas, (d) coal gas |
| Composition and uses of gaseous fuels-(e) bio gas, (f) acetylene |
Chemistry: Unit 10
Environmental chemistry |
|---|
| Introduction, environment, understand the terms-lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere biosphere, biotic component, energy component pollutant, receptor, sink, particulate, DO, BOD, threshold limit value, COD, air pollution-causes, effects, acid rain |
| Green house effect, ozone depletion, control of air pollution, water pollution-causes, effects, control measures |
Mathematics
Mathematics: Unit 01
Matrices |
|---|
| Matrices of 3rd order: Types of matrices, algebra of matrices, transpose of a matrix, symmetric, Skew symmetric matrices, minor, cofactor of an element, determinant of a square matrix, properties, Laplace’s expansion, singular and non singular matrices |
| Matrices of 3rd order: Adjoint and multiplicative inverse of a square matrix, system of linear equations in 3 variables, solutions by Crammer’s rule, matrix inversion method, Gauss-Jordan methods |
| Partial fractions: Resolving a given rational function into partial fractions |
Mathematics: Unit 02
Trigonometry |
|---|
| Properties of trigonometric functions, ratios of compound angles, multiple angles, sub multiple angles, transformations of products into sum or difference and vice versa, simple trigonometric equations, properties of triangles |
| Inverse trigonometric functions |
| Complex numbers: Modulus and conjugate, arithmetic operations on complex number, modulus, amplitude form (polar form), Euler form (exponential form), properties, De Movire’s theorem and its applications |
Mathematics: Unit 03
Analytical geometry |
|---|
| Circles-equation given center and radius, given ends of diameter, general equation, finding center and radius |
| Standard forms of equations of parabola, ellipse and hyperbola, simple properties |
Mathematics: Unit 04
Differentiation and its applications |
|---|
| Functions and limits, standard limits, differentiation from the first principles, differentiation of sum, product, quotient of functions, function of function, trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, exponential, logarithmic, hyperbolic functions |
| Implicit, explicit and parametric functions, derivative of a function with respect to another function, second order derivatives, geometrical applications of the derivative (angle between curves, tangent and normal), increasing and decreasing functions |
| Maxima and minima (single variable functions) using second order derivative only, derivative as rate measure, errors and approximations, partial differentiation, partial derivatives up to second order, Euler’s theorem |
Mathematics: Unit 05
Integration and its applications |
|---|
| Indefinite integral, standard forms, integration by decomposition of the integrand of trigonometric, algebraic, exponential, logarithmic and hyperbolic functions, integration by substitution, integration of reducible and irreducible quadratic factors |
| Integration by parts, definite integrals and properties, definite integral as the limit of a sum, application of integration to find areas under plane curves and volumes of solids of revolution, mean and RMS value |
Mathematics: Unit 06
Differential equations |
|---|
| Definition of a differential equation, order and degree of a differential equation, formation of differential equations, solution of differential equation of the type first order, first degree, variable, separable, homogeneous equations, exact |
| Linear differential equation of the form dy/dx + Py = Q, Bernoulli’s equation |
| nth order linear differential equation with constant coefficients both homogeneous and non homogeneous and finding the particular integrals for the functions, e ax, x m, Sin ax, Cos ax |
Physics
Physics: Unit 01
Units and dimensions |
|---|
| Physical quantity, fundamental and derived physical quantities, units, fundamental and derived units, SI units, multiples and sub-multiples in SI units, advantages of SI units, dimensions and dimensional formulae, dimensionless quantities |
| Applications and limitations of dimensional analysis, problems |
Physics: Unit 02
Elements of vectors |
|---|
| Scalar and vector quantities-examples, graphical representation of a vector, types of vectors, addition and subtraction of vectors, triangle law, parallelogram law and its cases, polygon law, resolution of a vector, unit vectors (i, j, k) |
| Dot product and cross product of two vectors, characteristics of dot and cross products-examples, problems |
Physics: Unit 03
Kinematics and friction |
|---|
| Equations of motion, acceleration due to gravity, equations of motion under gravity, expressions for maximum height, time of ascent, time of descent, time of flight, velocity on reaching the point of projection |
| Motion of a body projected from the top of a tower, projectile motion-examples, horizontal and oblique projections, expressions for maximum height, time of ascent, time of flight, horizontal range, magnitude and direction of resultant velocity-problems |
| Friction, normal reaction, laws of friction, coefficients of friction, angle of friction, methods of reducing friction, advantages and disadvantages of friction, motion of a body over a smooth inclined plane and a rough inclined plane–problems |
Physics: Unit 04
Work, power, and energy |
|---|
| Work, power and energy-definitions and units, potential and kinetic energies, examples and expressions, law of conservation of energy-problems, renewable and non-renewable sources of energy (solar, wind, biogas, tidal, nuclear energies, etc) |
Physics: Unit 05
Simple harmonic motion and acoustics |
|---|
| Definition, conditions of S.H.M., examples of S.H.M., expressions for displacement, velocity, acceleration, time period, frequency and phase of S.H.M., time period of a simple pendulum, seconds pendulum-problems |
| Sound, musical sound and noise, noise pollution, effects and methods of control of noise pollution, beats and echoe-problems, doppler effect, explanation, cases and applications, acoustics of buildings, reverberation, Sabines’ formula |
| Characteristics of a good building-problems |
Physics: Unit 06
Heat and thermodynamics |
|---|
| Expansion of gases, Boyle’s law, absolute scale of temperature, Charle’s laws, ideal gas equation, universal gas constant and its value, SI units-problems, external work done by a gas, isothermal process, adiabatic process |
| First law of thermodynamics and its applications to isothermal process and adiabatic process, two specific heats of a gas, relation between Cp and Cv-problems, second law of thermodynamics and its applications |
Physics: Unit 07
Modern physics |
|---|
| Photoelectric effect, explanation and its laws, applications of photoelectric effect (photocell), critical angle and total internal reflection, optical fibers-principle, working, types and applications |
| Concept of super conductivity-its properties and applications |
Electronics and instrumentation engineering
Electronics and instrumentation engineering: Unit 01
Electrical engineering |
|---|
| Ohm’s law, Kirchhoff’s law, star-delta transformation, basics of D.C. machines, motors and generators, A.C. machines, Thevenin’s and Norton’s theorems |
Electronics and instrumentation engineering: Unit 02
Industrial electronics and control engineering |
|---|
| Photo transistor, photo conductive device, photo multiplier, solar cell, opto-coupler, dot matrix and seven segment displays, bar graph, basic principles of induction heating, dielectric heating and resistance welding |
| Generation and applications of ultrasonics |
| Basics of open loop and closed loop control systems, transfer functions, signal flow graphs, time response of first order and second order system, concept of stability (Routh Hurwitz and root locus) |
Electronics and instrumentation engineering: Unit 03
Electronics |
|---|
| Resistor, capacitor and inductor specifications and applications of transformers, basics of switches, fuses, relays and microphones, semi conductor materials, PN junction formation, forward and reverse biasing voltages, formation |
| Working and configurations of PNP and NPN transistors, Zener diode, FET, MOSFET, UJT, diode as rectifier, C, LC and CLC filter circuits, RC coupled amplifier, transformer coupled amplifier, Darlington and cascaded amplifier |
| Class-A and class-B push-pull amplifier, complementary type power amplifier, oscillator principle, RC phase shift and Wien bridge oscillator, boot strap sweep circuit, Miller sweep circuit, bistable, astable and monostable multivibrator using transistor |
Electronics and instrumentation engineering: Unit 04
Digital electronics |
|---|
| Number systems, logic gates, half adder and subtractor, full adder, RS, T , D and master, slave JK type flip-flops, counters, up/ down counter, ring counter, registers, shift registers, universal shift register , basic memories (RAM and ROM) |
| ADC (counter method, successive approximation method) and DAC, (R-2R method, binary weighted method) |
Electronics and instrumentation engineering: Unit 05
Electronic measuring instruments |
|---|
| Analog Instruments, extension of range of ammeter, voltmeter and Ohmmeter, FET voltmeter, differential voltmeter, cigital instruments, ramp, dual slope integration, successive approximation, digital frequency meter |
| CRO, CRT, time base generator, deflection sensitivity, triggered sweep circuits, CRO applications, AF oscillator, RF signal generator, AF and RF power meters, Q meter, distortion factor meter, digital IC tester, logic and spectrum analyzer |
Electronics and instrumentation engineering: Unit 06
Process instrumentation |
|---|
| Fundamentals of instrumentation, basic transducer theory for the measurement of displacement (LVDT, potentiometer, inductive, capacitive) angular velocity, temperature (thermometers, RTD, thermo couple, thermister, pyrometers) |
| Pressure (elastic elements, strain gauge, piezo electric), flow (head type flow meters, rotameter, electromagnetic flow meter, anemometers, ultrasonic flow meter), pH, conductivity, weight, humidity, level, viscosity and density |
| Detection of alpha, beta, and gamma particles |
Electronics and instrumentation engineering: Unit 07
Process control |
|---|
| On-off control, proportional, integral and derivative controllers, PID controller, tuning of PID controller, actuators (pneumatic, electro-pneumatic hydraulic) basics of control valves, cascade controller, ratio controller, adaptive control, line diagrams |
| Letter codes, basic of CNC machine, basics of robot |
Electronics and instrumentation engineering: Unit 08
Communication and linear IC applications |
|---|
| Need and types of modulation, SSB, DSB and VSB transmission, AM and FM transmitters, AM and FM detectors, basics of pulse modulation and applications, optical fibre communication, characteristics of operational amplifier |
| Applications of operational amplifier like (summer, integrator, differentiator, inverter, voltage follower, V to I converter, I to V converter, comparator, square wave generator, mono stable multivibrator, astable multivibrator, Wien bridge oscillator) |
| Applications of operational amplifier like (instrumentation amplifier, Schmitt trigger, ADC and DAC), applications of 555 timer, phase locked loop |
Electronics and instrumentation engineering: Unit 09
Analytical and biomedical instrumentation |
|---|
| Electromagnetic spectrum, Beer Lamberts law, mono chromator, light sources and detectors, spectrophotometer (UV, visible, IR), flame photometer, spectroflourometer, polarimeter, gas analyzer, mass spectrometer, liquid chromatography and gas chromatography |
| Basics of diagnostic equipment ECG , EEG, EMG blood flow measurement, pace maker, defibrillator, X-ray equipment, CAT |
Electronics and instrumentation engineering: Unit 10
Micro controllers and PLCs |
|---|
| Architecture and instruction set of 8051 micro controller, interfacing peripherals (8255, 8251, 8257 and 8259) and applications of 8051 |
| Basics of PLC, architecture and instruction set of PLC and applications |
AP ECET Mechanical Engineering Syllabus
Chemistry
Chemistry: Unit 01
Atomic structure |
|---|
| Introduction-fundamental particles, Bohr’s theory, quantum numbers, Aufbau principle, Hund’s rule, Pauli’s exclusion principle, electronic configurations of elements up to atomic number 20, shapes of s,p,d orbitals |
Chemistry: Unit 02
Chemical bonding |
|---|
| Introduction, types of chemical bonds, ionic bond taking example of NaCl and MgO, characteristics of ionic compounds and covalent bond taking example H, O, N, HCL characteristics of covalent compounds |
Chemistry: Unit 03
Solutions |
|---|
| Introduction, solution classification of solutions, solute, solvent, concentration, mole concept, molarity, normality, equivalent weight using acids, bases and salts, numerical problems on molarity and normality |
Chemistry: Unit 04
Acids and bases |
|---|
| Introduction, theories of acids and bases, Arrhinus, Bronsted-Lowry theory, Lewis acid base theory, ionic product of water, pH and related numerical problems, buffers solutions, applications |
Chemistry: Unit 05
Electrochemistry |
|---|
| Conductors, insulators, electrolytes, Arrhenius theory of electrolytic dissociation, electrolysis, Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, numerical problems, Galvanic cell, standard electrode potential, electro chemical series |
| Emf and numerical problems on emf of a cell |
Chemistry: Unit 06
Water technology |
|---|
| Introduction, soft and hard water, causes of hardness, types of hardness, disadvantages of hard water, degree of hardness, units and its relations, softening methods, permutit process, ion exchange process, qualities of drinking water |
| Municipal treatment of water for drinking purpose |
Chemistry: Unit 07
Corrosion |
|---|
| Introduction, factors influencing corrosion, electrochemical theory of corrosion, composition cell, stress cell and concentration cells, rusting of iron and its mechanism, prevention of corrosion by-(a) coating methods |
| Prevention of corrosion by-(b) cathodic protection (sacrificial and impressive voltage methods) |
Chemistry: Unit 08
Polymers |
|---|
| Introduction, polymerisation, types of polymerisation–addition, condensation and co-polymerisation with examples, plastics, types of plastics, advantages of plastics over traditional materials, disadvantages of using plastics |
| Thermo plastics and thermo stetting plastics, differences between thermo plastics and thermo stetting plastics, preparation and uses of the following plastics: (i) Polythene, (ii) PVC, (iii) teflon, (iv) polystyrene, (v) urea formaldehyde, rubber |
| Natural rubber, processing from latex, vulcanization, elastomers, Buna-S, neoprene rubber and their uses |
Chemistry: Unit 09
Fuels |
|---|
| Definition and classification of fuels based on physical state and occurrence, characteristics of good fuel, extraction and refining of petroleum, composition and uses of gaseous fuels-(a) water gas, (b) producer gas, (c) natural gas, (d) coal gas |
| Composition and uses of gaseous fuels-(e) bio gas, (f) acetylene |
Chemistry: Unit 10
Environmental chemistry |
|---|
| Introduction, environment, understand the terms-lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere biosphere, biotic component, energy component pollutant, receptor, sink, particulate, DO, BOD, threshold limit value, COD, air pollution-causes, effects, acid rain |
| Green house effect, ozone depletion, control of air pollution, water pollution-causes, effects, control measures |
Mathematics
Mathematics: Unit 01
Matrices |
|---|
| Matrices of 3rd order: Types of matrices, algebra of matrices, transpose of a matrix, symmetric, Skew symmetric matrices, minor, cofactor of an element, determinant of a square matrix, properties, Laplace’s expansion, singular and non singular matrices |
| Matrices of 3rd order: Adjoint and multiplicative inverse of a square matrix, system of linear equations in 3 variables, solutions by Crammer’s rule, matrix inversion method, Gauss-Jordan methods |
| Partial fractions: Resolving a given rational function into partial fractions |
Mathematics: Unit 02
Trigonometry |
|---|
| Properties of trigonometric functions, ratios of compound angles, multiple angles, sub multiple angles, transformations of products into sum or difference and vice versa, simple trigonometric equations, properties of triangles |
| Inverse trigonometric functions |
| Complex numbers: Modulus and conjugate, arithmetic operations on complex number, modulus, amplitude form (polar form), Euler form (exponential form), properties, De Movire’s theorem and its applications |
Mathematics: Unit 03
Analytical geometry |
|---|
| Circles-equation given center and radius, given ends of diameter, general equation, finding center and radius |
| Standard forms of equations of parabola, ellipse and hyperbola, simple properties |
Mathematics: Unit 04
Differentiation and its applications |
|---|
| Functions and limits, standard limits, differentiation from the first principles, differentiation of sum, product, quotient of functions, function of function, trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, exponential, logarithmic, hyperbolic functions |
| Implicit, explicit and parametric functions, derivative of a function with respect to another function, second order derivatives, geometrical applications of the derivative (angle between curves, tangent and normal), increasing and decreasing functions |
| Maxima and minima (single variable functions) using second order derivative only, derivative as rate measure, errors and approximations, partial differentiation, partial derivatives up to second order, Euler’s theorem |
Mathematics: Unit 05
Integration and its applications |
|---|
| Indefinite integral, standard forms, integration by decomposition of the integrand of trigonometric, algebraic, exponential, logarithmic and hyperbolic functions, integration by substitution, integration of reducible and irreducible quadratic factors |
| Integration by parts, definite integrals and properties, definite integral as the limit of a sum, application of integration to find areas under plane curves and volumes of solids of revolution, mean and RMS value |
Mathematics: Unit 06
Differential equations |
|---|
| Definition of a differential equation, order and degree of a differential equation, formation of differential equations, solution of differential equation of the type first order, first degree, variable, separable, homogeneous equations, exact |
| Linear differential equation of the form dy/dx + Py = Q, Bernoulli’s equation |
| nth order linear differential equation with constant coefficients both homogeneous and non homogeneous and finding the particular integrals for the functions, e ax, x m, Sin ax, Cos ax |
Physics
Physics: Unit 01
Units and dimensions |
|---|
| Physical quantity, fundamental and derived physical quantities, units, fundamental and derived units, SI units, multiples and sub-multiples in SI units, advantages of SI units, dimensions and dimensional formulae, dimensionless quantities |
| Applications and limitations of dimensional analysis, problems |
Physics: Unit 02
Elements of vectors |
|---|
| Scalar and vector quantities-examples, graphical representation of a vector, types of vectors, addition and subtraction of vectors, triangle law, parallelogram law and its cases, polygon law, resolution of a vector, unit vectors (i, j, k) |
| Dot product and cross product of two vectors, characteristics of dot and cross products-examples, problems |
Physics: Unit 03
Kinematics and friction |
|---|
| Equations of motion, acceleration due to gravity, equations of motion under gravity, expressions for maximum height, time of ascent, time of descent, time of flight, velocity on reaching the point of projection |
| Motion of a body projected from the top of a tower, projectile motion-examples, horizontal and oblique projections, expressions for maximum height, time of ascent, time of flight, horizontal range, magnitude and direction of resultant velocity-problems |
| Friction, normal reaction, laws of friction, coefficients of friction, angle of friction, methods of reducing friction, advantages and disadvantages of friction, motion of a body over a smooth inclined plane and a rough inclined plane–problems |
Physics: Unit 04
Work, power, and energy |
|---|
| Work, power and energy-definitions and units, potential and kinetic energies, examples and expressions, law of conservation of energy-problems, renewable and non-renewable sources of energy (solar, wind, biogas, tidal, nuclear energies, etc) |
Physics: Unit 05
Simple harmonic motion and acoustics |
|---|
| Definition, conditions of S.H.M., examples of S.H.M., expressions for displacement, velocity, acceleration, time period, frequency and phase of S.H.M., time period of a simple pendulum, seconds pendulum-problems |
| Sound, musical sound and noise, noise pollution, effects and methods of control of noise pollution, beats and echoe-problems, doppler effect, explanation, cases and applications, acoustics of buildings, reverberation, Sabines’ formula |
| Characteristics of a good building-problems |
Physics: Unit 06
Heat and thermodynamics |
|---|
| Expansion of gases, Boyle’s law, absolute scale of temperature, Charle’s laws, ideal gas equation, universal gas constant and its value, SI units-problems, external work done by a gas, isothermal process, adiabatic process |
| First law of thermodynamics and its applications to isothermal process and adiabatic process, two specific heats of a gas, relation between Cp and Cv-problems, second law of thermodynamics and its applications |
Physics: Unit 07
Modern physics |
|---|
| Photoelectric effect, explanation and its laws, applications of photoelectric effect (photocell), critical angle and total internal reflection, optical fibers-principle, working, types and applications |
| Concept of super conductivity-its properties and applications |
Mechanical engineering
Mechanical engineering: Unit 01
Workshop technology |
|---|
| Basic workshop tools and operations (carpentry, fitting and sheet metal) metrology, liner, angular and surface measurement, comparators |
| Working and operations of lathe, drilling, shaper, slotter, planner, milling machines, Capstan and turret lathes, copying lathes, surface finishing operations, honing, lapping, super finishing, electro plating, metal spraying |
| Basic components of NC, CNC, and DNC machines, FMS and robotics, CNC part programming, manual and computer assisted |
Mechanical engineering: Unit 02
Welding, forging, foundry and conventions in drawing |
|---|
| Equipment used in arc and gas welding |
| Modern welding methods-submerged arc, atomic, hydrogen, CO and ultrasonic welding |
| Forging processes and tools-cold and hot working processes |
| Pattern types, types of molding sand and their properties, defects in casting and welding |
| Conventions in machine drawing, production drawing, limits, fits and tolerances, surface finish, specifications of standard components like bolts, nuts, bearings, etc |
Mechanical engineering: Unit 03
Engineering materials and solid mechanics |
|---|
| Mechanical properties of materials, destructive and non destructive testing of materials, production of iron and steel, iron carbon equilibrium diagram, heat treatment processes, plain carbon and alloy steels, ferrous and non-ferrous metals and alloys |
| Powder metallurgy |
| Resolution of forces, simple machines, simple stresses and strains, shear force and bending moment diagrams, strain energy, deflection of beams |
Mechanical engineering: Unit 04
Design of machine elements |
|---|
| Belt, rope and chain drives, velocity ratio, belt tensions and centrifugal tension, effect of belt thickness-slip, lengths of open and cross belting, power transmitted by belt, simple, compound, and epicyclic gear trains, roller and Silent chains |
| Design of bolts, nuts and screws, shafts, keys, couplings, thin cylindrical shells, springs, cams, flywheels and governors |
Mechanical engineering: Unit 05
Thermodynamics |
|---|
| Laws of perfect gases and basic thermodynamics, thermodynamic processes, air standard cycles, fuels and combustion, I.C. engines, two and four stroke engines, petrol and diesel engines, indicated and brake powers, indicated and brake thermal efficiencies |
| Air compressors, gas turbines and jet propulsion |
Mechanical engineering: Unit 06
Hydraulic machines and pneumatics |
|---|
| Properties of fluids, flow through pipes, impact of jets, hydraulic turbines, governing, working principles and operation of reciprocating and centrifugal pumps, hydraulic and pneumatic circuit devices, air cylinders and hydro pneumatic systems |
Mechanical engineering: Unit 07
Steam boilers, nozzles and turbines |
|---|
| Properties of steam, working, performance of boilers, steam nozzles, condition for maximum discharge, steam turbines-classification, velocity diagrams for single stage impulse turbine and reaction turbine |
Mechanical engineering: Unit 08
Refrigeration |
|---|
| Methods of refrigeration, cycles and analysis-air, vapor compression and vapor absorption refrigeration, refrigeration equipment |
Mechanical engineering: Unit 09
Industrial management and engineering |
|---|
| Work study, inspection and SQC, estimation and costing, principles and function of management, organization structures, production and materials management, financial management, entrepreneurial development, marketing and sales, principles of ISO 9000 |
Mechanical engineering: Unit 10
Automobile engineering |
|---|
| Automobile chassis construction, function of transmission system, gear boxes, single and multiplate clutches, function and construction of propeller shaft, universal joint, differential, semi and full floating rear axle, front and stub axles |
| Wheel alignment and balancing, steering mechanisms |
| Braking system-weight transfer during braking, skidding, hydraulic braking and air pressure braking systems |
AP ECET Metallurgical Engineering Syllabus
Chemistry
Chemistry: Unit 01
Atomic structure |
|---|
| Introduction-fundamental particles, Bohr’s theory, quantum numbers, Aufbau principle, Hund’s rule, Pauli’s exclusion principle, electronic configurations of elements up to atomic number 20, shapes of s,p,d orbitals |
Chemistry: Unit 02
Chemical bonding |
|---|
| Introduction, types of chemical bonds, ionic bond taking example of NaCl and MgO, characteristics of ionic compounds and covalent bond taking example H, O, N, HCL characteristics of covalent compounds |
Chemistry: Unit 03
Solutions |
|---|
| Introduction, solution classification of solutions, solute, solvent, concentration, mole concept, molarity, normality, equivalent weight using acids, bases and salts, numerical problems on molarity and normality |
Chemistry: Unit 04
Acids and bases |
|---|
| Introduction, theories of acids and bases, Arrhinus, Bronsted-Lowry theory, Lewis acid base theory, ionic product of water, pH and related numerical problems, buffers solutions, applications |
Chemistry: Unit 05
Electrochemistry |
|---|
| Conductors, insulators, electrolytes, Arrhenius theory of electrolytic dissociation, electrolysis, Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, numerical problems, Galvanic cell, standard electrode potential, electro chemical series |
| Emf and numerical problems on emf of a cell |
Chemistry: Unit 06
Water technology |
|---|
| Introduction, soft and hard water, causes of hardness, types of hardness, disadvantages of hard water, degree of hardness, units and its relations, softening methods, permutit process, ion exchange process, qualities of drinking water |
| Municipal treatment of water for drinking purpose |
Chemistry: Unit 07
Corrosion |
|---|
| Introduction, factors influencing corrosion, electrochemical theory of corrosion, composition cell, stress cell and concentration cells, rusting of iron and its mechanism, prevention of corrosion by-(a) coating methods |
| Prevention of corrosion by-(b) cathodic protection (sacrificial and impressive voltage methods) |
Chemistry: Unit 08
Polymers |
|---|
| Introduction, polymerisation, types of polymerisation–addition, condensation and co-polymerisation with examples, plastics, types of plastics, advantages of plastics over traditional materials, disadvantages of using plastics |
| Thermo plastics and thermo stetting plastics, differences between thermo plastics and thermo stetting plastics, preparation and uses of the following plastics: (i) Polythene, (ii) PVC, (iii) teflon, (iv) polystyrene, (v) urea formaldehyde, rubber |
| Natural rubber, processing from latex, vulcanization, elastomers, Buna-S, neoprene rubber and their uses |
Chemistry: Unit 09
Fuels |
|---|
| Definition and classification of fuels based on physical state and occurrence, characteristics of good fuel, extraction and refining of petroleum, composition and uses of gaseous fuels-(a) water gas, (b) producer gas, (c) natural gas, (d) coal gas |
| Composition and uses of gaseous fuels-(e) bio gas, (f) acetylene |
Chemistry: Unit 10
Environmental chemistry |
|---|
| Introduction, environment, understand the terms-lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere biosphere, biotic component, energy component pollutant, receptor, sink, particulate, DO, BOD, threshold limit value, COD, air pollution-causes, effects, acid rain |
| Green house effect, ozone depletion, control of air pollution, water pollution-causes, effects, control measures |
Mathematics
Mathematics: Unit 01
Matrices |
|---|
| Matrices of 3rd order: Types of matrices, algebra of matrices, transpose of a matrix, symmetric, Skew symmetric matrices, minor, cofactor of an element, determinant of a square matrix, properties, Laplace’s expansion, singular and non singular matrices |
| Matrices of 3rd order: Adjoint and multiplicative inverse of a square matrix, system of linear equations in 3 variables, solutions by Crammer’s rule, matrix inversion method, Gauss-Jordan methods |
| Partial fractions: Resolving a given rational function into partial fractions |
Mathematics: Unit 02
Trigonometry |
|---|
| Properties of trigonometric functions, ratios of compound angles, multiple angles, sub multiple angles, transformations of products into sum or difference and vice versa, simple trigonometric equations, properties of triangles |
| Inverse trigonometric functions |
| Complex numbers: Modulus and conjugate, arithmetic operations on complex number, modulus, amplitude form (polar form), Euler form (exponential form), properties, De Movire’s theorem and its applications |
Mathematics: Unit 03
Analytical geometry |
|---|
| Circles-equation given center and radius, given ends of diameter, general equation, finding center and radius |
| Standard forms of equations of parabola, ellipse and hyperbola, simple properties |
Mathematics: Unit 04
Differentiation and its applications |
|---|
| Functions and limits, standard limits, differentiation from the first principles, differentiation of sum, product, quotient of functions, function of function, trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, exponential, logarithmic, hyperbolic functions |
| Implicit, explicit and parametric functions, derivative of a function with respect to another function, second order derivatives, geometrical applications of the derivative (angle between curves, tangent and normal), increasing and decreasing functions |
| Maxima and minima (single variable functions) using second order derivative only, derivative as rate measure, errors and approximations, partial differentiation, partial derivatives up to second order, Euler’s theorem |
Mathematics: Unit 05
Integration and its applications |
|---|
| Indefinite integral, standard forms, integration by decomposition of the integrand of trigonometric, algebraic, exponential, logarithmic and hyperbolic functions, integration by substitution, integration of reducible and irreducible quadratic factors |
| Integration by parts, definite integrals and properties, definite integral as the limit of a sum, application of integration to find areas under plane curves and volumes of solids of revolution, mean and RMS value |
Mathematics: Unit 06
Differential equations |
|---|
| Definition of a differential equation, order and degree of a differential equation, formation of differential equations, solution of differential equation of the type first order, first degree, variable, separable, homogeneous equations, exact |
| Linear differential equation of the form dy/dx + Py = Q, Bernoulli’s equation |
| nth order linear differential equation with constant coefficients both homogeneous and non homogeneous and finding the particular integrals for the functions, e ax, x m, Sin ax, Cos ax |
Physics
Physics: Unit 01
Units and dimensions |
|---|
| Physical quantity, fundamental and derived physical quantities, units, fundamental and derived units, SI units, multiples and sub-multiples in SI units, advantages of SI units, dimensions and dimensional formulae, dimensionless quantities |
| Applications and limitations of dimensional analysis, problems |
Physics: Unit 02
Elements of vectors |
|---|
| Scalar and vector quantities-examples, graphical representation of a vector, types of vectors, addition and subtraction of vectors, triangle law, parallelogram law and its cases, polygon law, resolution of a vector, unit vectors (i, j, k) |
| Dot product and cross product of two vectors, characteristics of dot and cross products-examples, problems |
Physics: Unit 03
Kinematics and friction |
|---|
| Equations of motion, acceleration due to gravity, equations of motion under gravity, expressions for maximum height, time of ascent, time of descent, time of flight, velocity on reaching the point of projection |
| Motion of a body projected from the top of a tower, projectile motion-examples, horizontal and oblique projections, expressions for maximum height, time of ascent, time of flight, horizontal range, magnitude and direction of resultant velocity-problems |
| Friction, normal reaction, laws of friction, coefficients of friction, angle of friction, methods of reducing friction, advantages and disadvantages of friction, motion of a body over a smooth inclined plane and a rough inclined plane–problems |
Physics: Unit 04
Work, power, and energy |
|---|
| Work, power and energy-definitions and units, potential and kinetic energies, examples and expressions, law of conservation of energy-problems, renewable and non-renewable sources of energy (solar, wind, biogas, tidal, nuclear energies, etc) |
Physics: Unit 05
Simple harmonic motion and acoustics |
|---|
| Definition, conditions of S.H.M., examples of S.H.M., expressions for displacement, velocity, acceleration, time period, frequency and phase of S.H.M., time period of a simple pendulum, seconds pendulum-problems |
| Sound, musical sound and noise, noise pollution, effects and methods of control of noise pollution, beats and echoe-problems, doppler effect, explanation, cases and applications, acoustics of buildings, reverberation, Sabines’ formula |
| Characteristics of a good building-problems |
Physics: Unit 06
Heat and thermodynamics |
|---|
| Expansion of gases, Boyle’s law, absolute scale of temperature, Charle’s laws, ideal gas equation, universal gas constant and its value, SI units-problems, external work done by a gas, isothermal process, adiabatic process |
| First law of thermodynamics and its applications to isothermal process and adiabatic process, two specific heats of a gas, relation between Cp and Cv-problems, second law of thermodynamics and its applications |
Physics: Unit 07
Modern physics |
|---|
| Photoelectric effect, explanation and its laws, applications of photoelectric effect (photocell), critical angle and total internal reflection, optical fibers-principle, working, types and applications |
| Concept of super conductivity-its properties and applications |
Metallurgical engineering
Metallurgical engineering: Unit 01
Elementary priciples of metallugry |
|---|
| Introduction to metallurgy, ores and ore dressing, methods of ore sampling, communition, screening and classification, principles and processes of pyro, hydro and electrometallurgy, minerals of commercially important metals |
Metallurgical engineering: Unit 02
Fuels, refractories and pyrometry |
|---|
| Classification of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels, testing and properties of important fuels, manufacture and characteristics of metallurgical, coke, combustion of fuels, properties, manufacture and selection of refractories |
| Principles and operation of important pyrometers |
Metallurgical engineering: Unit 03
Metallugrical thermodynamics |
|---|
| Introduction and applications of thermodynamics, first law of thermodynamics, thermo chemistry, second law of thermodynamics, Ellingham diagrams, fugacity, activity and equilibrium constant, phase equilibria, solutions |
Metallurgical engineering: Unit 04
Physical metallurgy |
|---|
| Structure of metals and alloys, solidification, diffusion, binary thermal equilibrium diagrams, iron-carbon diagram, important non-ferrous binary alloy systems, microscopic and macroscopic examination of metals and alloys |
Metallurgical engineering: Unit 05
Heat treatment technology |
|---|
| Heat treatment of plain carbon steels-annealing, normalizing, hardening and tempering of steels, TTT diagrams , hardenability, grain size, quenching media |
| Alloy steels and effect of alloying elements on plain carbon steels, stainless steels, tool steels-case hardening techniques |
| Special heat treatment techniques such as austempering, martempering, sub-zero treatment, heat treatment of non-ferrous metals and alloys, age hardening, heat treatment furnaces |
Metallurgical engineering: Unit 06
Ferrous extractive metallurgy |
|---|
| Iron ores and preparation of iron ores, blast furnace plant and equipment, blast furnace reactions, irregularities andrecent trends, sponge iron and methods of production, ferro alloys-types and applications |
| Steel making by Bessemer, LD, Kaldo, OLP, open hearth and electric furnaces, new techniques in steel making, vacuum treatment of liquid steel, ingot defects, continuous casting |
Metallurgical engineering: Unit 07
Non-ferrous extractive metallurgy |
|---|
| Extraction of copper, pyro and hydrometallurgical methods and refining, aluminum, extraction, anode effect, refining-zinc and lead, pyro and hydrometallurgical extraction and refining |
| Extraction of magnesium by dows and pidgeon processes |
| Extraction of titanium by Kroll’s process, refining by Van arkell’s process, extraction of thorium and zirconium |
Metallurgical engineering: Unit 08
Material testing |
|---|
| Tension test |
| Stress-strain relationships, necking phenomenon |
| Hardnesstests-principles and types |
| Impact testing-notched bar impact tests |
| Transition temperature |
| Fatigue, stress cycles, S-N diagram, factors affecting fatigue |
| Creep testing-creep curve, stress-rupture test |
| Non-destructive testing, principles, methods and applications of liquid penetrant, radiography, ultrasonic magnetic particle and Eddy current test |
Metallurgical engineering: Unit 09
Mechanical metallurgy |
|---|
| Plastic deformation of metals, lattice defectsm, slip and twinning, CRSS, strengthening mechanisms |
| Strain hardening, hot and cold working, recovery, recrystallisation and grain growth |
| Metal forming processes, rolling, forging, extrusion and sheet metal forming processes and defects, thermo mechanical treatments, isoforming and ausforming |
| Powder metallurgy |
| Methods of powder production, characterization, compaction, sintering and applications of powder metallurgy |
Metallurgical engineering: Unit 10
Foundry technology |
|---|
| Patterns: Types, materials and pattern allowances, moulding sands-properties and testing, moulding processes and equipment: Sand casting, die casting, shell moulding, centrifugal casting, investment casting and CO process |
| Cores: Types of cores and properties, pouring and feeding of castings |
| Cast irons-types, melting of cast irons, Grey, S.G and malleable iron |
| Aluminium, copper and steel foundry practices |
| Defects in castings |
| Cleaning and salvage of castings |
Metallurgical engineering: Unit 11
Welding technology |
|---|
| Basic concepts of welding, principles and processes of various welding techniques such as oxy-acetylene, shield arc welding, inert gas welding, TIG and MIG, special welding processes-plasma, resistance, electro slag, electron beam, thermit and laser |
| Soldering and brazing, weldability, factors affecting weldability, heat affected zone, microstructure, post weld treatments, welding defects-inspection and testing |
AP ECET Mining Engineering Syllabus
Chemistry
Chemistry: Unit 01
Atomic structure |
|---|
| Introduction-fundamental particles, Bohr’s theory, quantum numbers, Aufbau principle, Hund’s rule, Pauli’s exclusion principle, electronic configurations of elements up to atomic number 20, shapes of s,p,d orbitals |
Chemistry: Unit 02
Chemical bonding |
|---|
| Introduction, types of chemical bonds, ionic bond taking example of NaCl and MgO, characteristics of ionic compounds and covalent bond taking example H, O, N, HCL characteristics of covalent compounds |
Chemistry: Unit 03
Solutions |
|---|
| Introduction, solution classification of solutions, solute, solvent, concentration, mole concept, molarity, normality, equivalent weight using acids, bases and salts, numerical problems on molarity and normality |
Chemistry: Unit 04
Acids and bases |
|---|
| Introduction, theories of acids and bases, Arrhinus, Bronsted-Lowry theory, Lewis acid base theory, ionic product of water, pH and related numerical problems, buffers solutions, applications |
Chemistry: Unit 05
Electrochemistry |
|---|
| Conductors, insulators, electrolytes, Arrhenius theory of electrolytic dissociation, electrolysis, Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, numerical problems, Galvanic cell, standard electrode potential, electro chemical series |
| Emf and numerical problems on emf of a cell |
Chemistry: Unit 06
Water technology |
|---|
| Introduction, soft and hard water, causes of hardness, types of hardness, disadvantages of hard water, degree of hardness, units and its relations, softening methods, permutit process, ion exchange process, qualities of drinking water |
| Municipal treatment of water for drinking purpose |
Chemistry: Unit 07
Corrosion |
|---|
| Introduction, factors influencing corrosion, electrochemical theory of corrosion, composition cell, stress cell and concentration cells, rusting of iron and its mechanism, prevention of corrosion by-(a) coating methods |
| Prevention of corrosion by-(b) cathodic protection (sacrificial and impressive voltage methods) |
Chemistry: Unit 08
Polymers |
|---|
| Introduction, polymerisation, types of polymerisation–addition, condensation and co-polymerisation with examples, plastics, types of plastics, advantages of plastics over traditional materials, disadvantages of using plastics |
| Thermo plastics and thermo stetting plastics, differences between thermo plastics and thermo stetting plastics, preparation and uses of the following plastics: (i) Polythene, (ii) PVC, (iii) teflon, (iv) polystyrene, (v) urea formaldehyde, rubber |
| Natural rubber, processing from latex, vulcanization, elastomers, Buna-S, neoprene rubber and their uses |
Chemistry: Unit 09
Fuels |
|---|
| Definition and classification of fuels based on physical state and occurrence, characteristics of good fuel, extraction and refining of petroleum, composition and uses of gaseous fuels-(a) water gas, (b) producer gas, (c) natural gas, (d) coal gas |
| Composition and uses of gaseous fuels-(e) bio gas, (f) acetylene |
Chemistry: Unit 10
Environmental chemistry |
|---|
| Introduction, environment, understand the terms-lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere biosphere, biotic component, energy component pollutant, receptor, sink, particulate, DO, BOD, threshold limit value, COD, air pollution-causes, effects, acid rain |
| Green house effect, ozone depletion, control of air pollution, water pollution-causes, effects, control measures |
Mathematics
Mathematics: Unit 01
Matrices |
|---|
| Matrices of 3rd order: Types of matrices, algebra of matrices, transpose of a matrix, symmetric, Skew symmetric matrices, minor, cofactor of an element, determinant of a square matrix, properties, Laplace’s expansion, singular and non singular matrices |
| Matrices of 3rd order: Adjoint and multiplicative inverse of a square matrix, system of linear equations in 3 variables, solutions by Crammer’s rule, matrix inversion method, Gauss-Jordan methods |
| Partial fractions: Resolving a given rational function into partial fractions |
Mathematics: Unit 02
Trigonometry |
|---|
| Properties of trigonometric functions, ratios of compound angles, multiple angles, sub multiple angles, transformations of products into sum or difference and vice versa, simple trigonometric equations, properties of triangles |
| Inverse trigonometric functions |
| Complex numbers: Modulus and conjugate, arithmetic operations on complex number, modulus, amplitude form (polar form), Euler form (exponential form), properties, De Movire’s theorem and its applications |
Mathematics: Unit 03
Analytical geometry |
|---|
| Circles-equation given center and radius, given ends of diameter, general equation, finding center and radius |
| Standard forms of equations of parabola, ellipse and hyperbola, simple properties |
Mathematics: Unit 04
Differentiation and its applications |
|---|
| Functions and limits, standard limits, differentiation from the first principles, differentiation of sum, product, quotient of functions, function of function, trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, exponential, logarithmic, hyperbolic functions |
| Implicit, explicit and parametric functions, derivative of a function with respect to another function, second order derivatives, geometrical applications of the derivative (angle between curves, tangent and normal), increasing and decreasing functions |
| Maxima and minima (single variable functions) using second order derivative only, derivative as rate measure, errors and approximations, partial differentiation, partial derivatives up to second order, Euler’s theorem |
Mathematics: Unit 05
Integration and its applications |
|---|
| Indefinite integral, standard forms, integration by decomposition of the integrand of trigonometric, algebraic, exponential, logarithmic and hyperbolic functions, integration by substitution, integration of reducible and irreducible quadratic factors |
| Integration by parts, definite integrals and properties, definite integral as the limit of a sum, application of integration to find areas under plane curves and volumes of solids of revolution, mean and RMS value |
Mathematics: Unit 06
Differential equations |
|---|
| Definition of a differential equation, order and degree of a differential equation, formation of differential equations, solution of differential equation of the type first order, first degree, variable, separable, homogeneous equations, exact |
| Linear differential equation of the form dy/dx + Py = Q, Bernoulli’s equation |
| nth order linear differential equation with constant coefficients both homogeneous and non homogeneous and finding the particular integrals for the functions, e ax, x m, Sin ax, Cos ax |
Physics
Physics: Unit 01
Units and dimensions |
|---|
| Physical quantity, fundamental and derived physical quantities, units, fundamental and derived units, SI units, multiples and sub-multiples in SI units, advantages of SI units, dimensions and dimensional formulae, dimensionless quantities |
| Applications and limitations of dimensional analysis, problems |
Physics: Unit 02
Elements of vectors |
|---|
| Scalar and vector quantities-examples, graphical representation of a vector, types of vectors, addition and subtraction of vectors, triangle law, parallelogram law and its cases, polygon law, resolution of a vector, unit vectors (i, j, k) |
| Dot product and cross product of two vectors, characteristics of dot and cross products-examples, problems |
Physics: Unit 03
Kinematics and friction |
|---|
| Equations of motion, acceleration due to gravity, equations of motion under gravity, expressions for maximum height, time of ascent, time of descent, time of flight, velocity on reaching the point of projection |
| Motion of a body projected from the top of a tower, projectile motion-examples, horizontal and oblique projections, expressions for maximum height, time of ascent, time of flight, horizontal range, magnitude and direction of resultant velocity-problems |
| Friction, normal reaction, laws of friction, coefficients of friction, angle of friction, methods of reducing friction, advantages and disadvantages of friction, motion of a body over a smooth inclined plane and a rough inclined plane–problems |
Physics: Unit 04
Work, power, and energy |
|---|
| Work, power and energy-definitions and units, potential and kinetic energies, examples and expressions, law of conservation of energy-problems, renewable and non-renewable sources of energy (solar, wind, biogas, tidal, nuclear energies, etc) |
Physics: Unit 05
Simple harmonic motion and acoustics |
|---|
| Definition, conditions of S.H.M., examples of S.H.M., expressions for displacement, velocity, acceleration, time period, frequency and phase of S.H.M., time period of a simple pendulum, seconds pendulum-problems |
| Sound, musical sound and noise, noise pollution, effects and methods of control of noise pollution, beats and echoe-problems, doppler effect, explanation, cases and applications, acoustics of buildings, reverberation, Sabines’ formula |
| Characteristics of a good building-problems |
Physics: Unit 06
Heat and thermodynamics |
|---|
| Expansion of gases, Boyle’s law, absolute scale of temperature, Charle’s laws, ideal gas equation, universal gas constant and its value, SI units-problems, external work done by a gas, isothermal process, adiabatic process |
| First law of thermodynamics and its applications to isothermal process and adiabatic process, two specific heats of a gas, relation between Cp and Cv-problems, second law of thermodynamics and its applications |
Physics: Unit 07
Modern physics |
|---|
| Photoelectric effect, explanation and its laws, applications of photoelectric effect (photocell), critical angle and total internal reflection, optical fibers-principle, working, types and applications |
| Concept of super conductivity-its properties and applications |
Mining engineering
Mining engineering: Unit 01
Elements of mining |
|---|
| Definitions of terms, mineral based industries, mining operations, modes of entry, shaft, incline, adit-applicable conditions, mining methods used in coal and non coal mining, classification of the mineral deposits based on various factors |
| Classification of coal seams based on various factors |
| Classification of methods of working-U/G Coal, OCM and metal mining, bore (drill) holes uses, classification and various tools used in boring (drilling), feed mechanism, core recovery, deviation of boreholes |
| Explosives-characteristics, classification, composition, properties, different explosives used in U/G, OCM, metal and coal mines, selection of explosives and initiation of explosives, detonators-types, blasting practice in mines-terms, tools |
| Sequence of shot firing, drill patterns types, misfires, blown out shots, sockets, treatment of misfires, accidents due to explosives and shot firing, preventive measures, mine gases-types, physical and chemical properties |
| Physiological effects and occurrence |
| Shaft sinking methods-sinking through normal strata, special methods of shaft sinking pilling, drop shaft method, cementation, freezing method |
| Temporary, permanent lining of shafts, support systems in mining their applicability and withdrawal of supports |
Mining engineering: Unit 02
Mining geology |
|---|
| Definition of the term geology, scope, uses of geology in mining field, branches of geology, age of the earth, origin of the earth, nebular hypothesis of Kant and Laplace, physical geology, internal structure of earth, weathering, erosion, denudation |
| Attrition, abrasion, earthquakes, its propagation, intensity, causes and effects of earthquakes |
| Valcanoes and its classification |
| Mineralogy-physical characteristics of minerals, important mineral families, industrial uses of important minerals; occurrence and distribution in A.P. and India |
| Petrology-classification of rocks and its characteristics, structures and textures |
| Structural geology, folds, faults, joints, unconformities |
| Geological time scale, major stratigraphical divisions of india, physio-graphic divisions of india, economic geology-terms, processes of mineralization and important economic minerals formed by these processes |
| Geological prospecting-objectives, guide lines for location of mineral deposits in fields, methods of prospecting |
| Gis and remote sensing concepts |
Mining engineering: Unit 03
Methods of working-coal |
|---|
| Methods of working bord and pillar and long wall-development, opening of districts ,different methods of development systems with machines and continuous miners, depillaring |
| Longwall mining-long wall advancing, longwall retreating, applicabilities, merits, demerits, limitations |
| Special methods of working like inclined slicing, horizontal slicing, blasting gallery, horizon mining |
| Stowing practice in mines, manual and mechanized. modern trends of open cast coal methods |
Mining engineering: Unit 04
Methods of working metal |
|---|
| Definitions: Development of mineral deposits, levels, sublevels, winzes and raises, etc. Handling waste rock and mineral, drilling and blasting, arrangement for loading, conventional and mechanized methods of raising, various stopping methods |
| Definitions: Sampling, problems associated with deep mining, rock mechanics and strata control measures in deep mines |
Mining engineering: Unit 05
Mine environmental engineering-I |
|---|
| Ventilation, objectives/ purposes of ventilation, systems of ventilation-natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation |
| Distribution of mine alr, ventilation devices, construction location and application |
| Auxiliary ventilation, booster ventilation, homotropal, anti-tropal systems, gas detectors-types, uses, application, principles, determination percentage of gases using conventional methods and using detectors |
Mining engineering: Unit 06
Mine environmental engineering-II |
|---|
| Mine fires, classification, causes preventive measures |
| Spontaneous heating of coal, different methods of dealing with fires, collection of air samples and interpretation of mine air samples, ventilation survey, types, instruments, mine explosions-types, fire damp explosions-causes and preventive measures |
| Coal dust explosions-causes and preventive measures, treating coal dust, dust barriers, water barriers |
| Rescue and recovery |
| Operations, objectives, classification of rescue apparatus, resucitation apparatus, rescue organization |
| Inundation in mines, its causes, precautions, design of dams |
| Mine lighting, purpose, terms, places to be illuminated in the mines |
| Flame safety lamp-different types, construction details |
| Miners diseases, causes and preventive measures |
Mining engineering: Unit 07
Mine surveying |
|---|
| Definitions, principles, classifications, measurement of distances |
| Various instruments used in surveying, chain survey, fundamentals of compass survey, limitation of various surveying methods, various methods of leveling, types of levels, instruments, adjustments, computations, theodolite types, adjustments |
| Traversing and computations, setting out curves, types, correlation survey, tachometric survey and triangulation Survey |
Mining engineering: Unit 08
Mining machinery-I |
|---|
| Wire ropes-usage, chemical composition, tests of wires, classification, applicability of different wire ropes, causes of deterioration and precautions, capping, recapping methods and rope splicing |
| Transportation in mines-classification different types of rope haulages, their applicability, merits anddemerits limitations |
| Safety devices in different rope haulages, locomotive haulages-types, applicability’s, conveyors-types, tensioning arrangements, use and applicability in mines, aerial ropeways, man riding applicability’s, pumps their applicability in mines |
| Construction details merits, demerits and limitations |
Mining engineering: Unit 09
Mining machinery-II |
|---|
| Coal face machinery, different drills, power loaders, longwall face machinery-AFC, lump breakers, stage loaders, power pack, SERDS, DERDS, safety devices, power support, mine cables-types, constructional details |
| Flame proof apparatus and intrinsically safe apparatus-field of applications, features, remote control principle, signaling methods used in mines, telephones, winding-purpose, equipment, types of headgear frames, shaft fittings, guides |
| Pit top and pit bottom arrangements, keps, suspension gear, types of drums, drum and skip winding, cage winding and friction (Keope winding) speed control and safety contrivances |
Mining engineering: Unit 10
Mining legislation and mine management |
|---|
| Mines-act, mine-rules and regulations provisions of mine act in respect of drinking water, health, hygiene, etc, medical facilities |
| Limitations of employment, leave with wages, etc, coal mines/ metal mines regulations-definitions duties of manager, over man, safety officer, under manager, etc, transport, mine working ventilation, etc |
| Precautions against dangers from fire, dust gas, water, etc, mine lighting and safety |
| Industrial dispute act, causes disputes work committee, strikes, lock out |
| Mine management-organization structure, safety in mines and mine accidents |
| Entrepreneurship, self employment scheme, market and demand survey, quality systems concepts, quality policy, quality control, quality assurance, ISO 9000, features, draw backs, recruitment, qualifications, training programmes, work-study |
AP ECET Pharmacy Syllabus
Pharmacy-pharmaceutics
Pharmacy-pharmaceutics: Unit 01
Pharmaceutics-I |
|---|
| Introduction of different dosage forms |
| Their classifications with examples-their relative applications |
| Familiarisation with new drug delivery systems |
| Introduction to pharmacopieas with special reference to the Indian pharmacopea |
| Metrology-systems of weights and measures |
| Calculations including conversion from one to another system |
| Percentage calculations and adjustments of products |
| Use of allegation method in calculations, isotonic solutions |
| Packing of pharmaceuticals-desirable features of a container, types of containers, study of glass and plastics as materials for containers and rubber as a material for closures-their merits and demerits |
| Introduction to aersol packaging |
| Size reduction objectives and factors affecting size reduction, methods of size reduction, study of Hammer mill, ball mill, fluid energy mill and disintegrator |
| Size separation, size separation by sifting official standard for powders |
| Sedimentation methods of size separation |
| Construction and working of cyclone separator |
| Mixing and homogenization, liquid, mixing and powder mixing |
| Mixing and semisolid, study of siliver, son mixer, homogeniser, planetary mixer, agitated powder mixer |
| Triple roller mill, propeller mixer, coiloid mill and hand homogeniser |
| Double cone mixer |
| Clarification and filtration, theory of filtration |
| Filter media; filter aids and selections of filters |
| Study of the following filtration equipments filter press, sintered filter, candles, metafilter |
| Extraction and galenicals-(a) study of percolation and maceration and their modification, continuous hot extraction, applications in the preparation of tinctures and extracts, (b) introduction to ayurvedic dosage forms |
| Heat process evaporation-definition factors affecting evaporation, study of evaporation and evaporating pan |
| Distillation, simple distillation and fractional distillation, steam distillation and vaccum distillation, study of vaccum still, preparation of purrified water I.P. and water for injecion I.P., construction and working of the still used for the same |
| ntroduction to drying process, study of tray dryers; fluidized bed dryer, vaccum dryer and freezer dryer |
| Sterlization, concept of sterilization and its differences from disinfection, thermal resistance of micro-organism |
| Detailed study of the following sterilization process-(i) sterilization with moist heat,(ii) dry heat sterilization, (iii) sterilization by radiation, (iv) sterilization by filtration and, (v) gaseous sterilization, aseptic techniques |
| Application of sterilization process in hospitals particularly with reference to surgical dressings and intravenous fluids |
| Precautions for safe and effective handling of sterilization enquipments |
| Processing of tablets-definition; different types of compressed tablets and their properties |
| Processing involved in the production of tablets; tablets; physical standards including disintegration and dissolution |
| Tablet coating-sugar coating; film coating, enteric coating and, microencapsulation |
| Tablet coating may be dealt in an elementary manner |
| Processing of capsules, hard and soft gelatin capsules; different sizes capsules; filling of capsules; handling storage of capsules; special application of capsules |
| Study of immunological products likes sera vaccines, toxoids and their preparations |
Pharmacy-pharmaceutics: Unit 02
Pharmaceutics-II |
|---|
| Dispensing pharmacy: (i) Prescriptions-reading and understanding of prescription: Latin terms commonly used (detailed study is not necessary), modern methods of prescribing, adoption of metric system. Calcuations involved in dispending |
| Dispensing pharmacy: (ii) Incompatabilities in prescriptions-study of various types of incompatabilities-physical, chemical and therapeutic. (iii) Posology-dose and dosage of durgs, factors influencing dose |
| Dispensing pharmacy: (iii) Posology-calculations of doses on the basis of age, sex and surface area, veterinary doses |
| Dispensed medications: (i) Powders-types of powders, advantages and disadvantages of powders. Granules. Cachets and tablet triturates. Preparation of different types of powders encountered in prescription, weighing methods, possible erros in weighing |
| Dispensed medications: (i) Powders-minimum weighable amounts and weighing of material below the minimum weighable amount, geometric dilution and proper usage and care of dispensing balance |
| Dispensed medications: (ii) Liquid oral dosage forms-(a) monophasic: Theoretical aspects including commonly used vehicles, essential adjuvant like stabilizers, colourants and flavours, with examples |
| Dispensed medications: (ii) Liquid oral dosage forms-(a) monophasic: Review of the following monophasic Liquids with details of formulation and practical methods: Liquids of internal-mixtures and concentrates syrups, elixirs |
| Dispensed medications: (ii) Liquid oral dosage forms-(a) monophasic: Review of the following monophasic liquids with details of formulation and practical methods: Liquids for external administration or used on mucus membranes-gargles, mouth washes |
| Dispensed medications: (ii) Liquid oral dosage forms-(a) monophasic: Review of the following monophasic liquids with details of formulation and practical methods: Liquids for external administration or used on mucus membranes-throat paints douches |
| Dispensed medications: (ii) Liquid oral dosage forms-(a) monophasic: Review of the following monophasic liquids with details of formulation and practical methods: Liquids for external administration or used onmucus membranes-ear drops |
| Dispensed medications: (ii) Liquid oral dosage forms-(a) monophasic: Review of the following monophasic liquids with details of formulation and practical methods: Liquids for external administration or used onmucus membranes-nasal drops and sprays |
| Dispensed medications: (ii) Liquid oral dosage forms-(a) monophasic: Review of the following monophasic liquids with details of formulation and practical methods: Liquids for external administration or used onmucus membranes-liniments lotions |
| Dispensed medications: (ii) Liquid oral dosage forms-(b) biphasic liquid dosage forms: (i) Suspensions (elementary study)-suspensions containing diffusible solids and liquids and their preparations |
| Dispensed medications: (ii) Liquid oral dosage forms-(b) biphasic liquid dosage forms: (i) Suspensions (elementary study)-study of the adjutants used like thickening agents, wetting agents |
| Dispensed medications: (ii) Liquid oral dosage forms-(b) biphasic liquid dosage forms: (i) Suspensions-their necessity and quantity to be incorporated suspensions of precipitate forming liquids like tinctures, their preparations and stability |
| Dispensed medications: (ii) Liquid oral dosage forms-(b) biphasic liquid dosage forms: (i) Suspensions-suspension produced by chemical reaction. An introduction to flocculated, non-flocculated suspension system |
| Dispensed medications: (ii) Liquid oral dosage forms-(b) biphasic liquid dosage forms: (ii) Emulsions-types of emulsions, identification of emulsion system tormulation of emulsions, selection of emulsifying agents, instabilities in emulsions |
| Dispensed medications: (ii) Liquid oral dosage forms-(b) biphasic liquid dosage forms: (ii) Emulsions-preservation of emulsions |
| Dispensed medications: (ii) Liquid oral dosage forms-(b) biphasic liquid dosage forms: (iii) Semi-sold dosage forms-(a) ointments-types of ointments, classification and selection of dermartological vehicles |
| Dispensed medications: (ii) Liquid oral dosage forms-(b) biphasic liquid dosage forms: (iii) Semi-sold dosage forms-(a) ointments-preparation and stability of ointments by the following process: (i) Tritutration (fusion), (iii) chemical reaction |
| Dispensed medications: (ii) Liquid oral dosage forms-(b) biphasic liquid dosage forms: (iii) Semi-sold dosage forms-(a) ointments-preparation and stability of ointments by the following process: (iv) Emulsification |
| Dispensed medications: (ii) Liquid oral dosage forms-(b) biphasic liquid dosage forms: (iii) Semi-sold dosage forms-(b) pastes: Difference between ointments and pastes. Bases of pastes. Preparation of pastes and their preservation |
| Dispensed medications: (ii) Liquid oral dosage forms-(b) biphasic liquid dosage forms: (iii) Semi-sold dosage forms-(c) jellies: An introduction to the different types of jellies and their preparation. (d) An elementary study of poultice |
| Dispensed medications: (ii) Liquid oral dosage forms-(b) biphasic liquid dosage forms: (iii) Semi-sold dosage forms-(e) suppositories and pessaries: Their relative merits and demerits. Types of suppositories, suppository bases, classification, properties |
| Dispensed medications: (ii) Liquid oral dosage forms-(b) biphasic liquid dosage forms: (iii) Semi-sold dosage forms-(e) suppositories and pessaries: Preparation and packing of suppositories, use of suposiories for drug absorption |
| Dispensed medications: (ii) Liquid oral dosage forms-(b) biphasic liquid dosage forms: (iv) Dental and cosmetic preparations-introduction to dentrifices, facial cosmertics, deodorants, antiperspirats, shampoos, hair dressings and hair removers |
| Dispensed medications: (ii) Liquid oral dosage forms-(b) biphasic liquid dosage forms: (v) Sterile dosage forms-(a) parenteral dosage forms: Definitions. General requirements for parenteral dosage forms, types of parenteral formulations, vehicles |
| Dispensed medications: (ii) Liquid oral dosage forms-(b) biphasic liquid dosage forms: (v) Sterile dosage forms-(a) parenteral dosage forms: Adjuvants, processing personnel, facilities and quality control. Preparation of intravenous fluids and admixtures |
| Dispensed medications: (ii) Liquid oral dosage forms-(b) biphasic liquid dosage forms: (v) Sterile dosage forms-(a) parenteral dosage forms: Total parenteral nutrition, dialysis fluids |
| Dispensed medications: (ii) Liquid oral dosage forms-(b) biphasic liquid dosage forms: (v) Sterile dosage forms-(b) sterility testing, particulate matter monitoring faulty. Seal packaging |
| Dispensed medications: (ii) Liquid oral dosage forms-(b) biphasic liquid dosage forms: (v) Sterile dosage forms-(c) ophthalmic products: Study of essential characteristics of different opthalmic preparations. Formulation additives |
| Dispensed medications: (ii) Liquid oral dosage forms-(b) biphasic liquid dosage forms: (v) Sterile dosage forms-(c) ophthalmic products: Special precautions in handling and storage of ophthalmic products |
Pharmacy-pharmaceutics: Unit 03
Pharmaceutical jurisprudence |
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| Origin and nature of pharmaceutical legislation in India, its scope and objectives, evolution of the “concept of pharmacy” as an integral part of the health care system |
| Principles and significance of professional ethics, critical study of the code of pharmaceutical ethics drafted by Pharmacy Council in India |
| Pharmacy act, 1948: General study of the pharmacy act with special reference to education regulations, working of state and central councils, constitution of these councils and functions, registration procedures under the act |
| The drugs and cosmetics act, 1940: General study of the drugs and cosmetics act the rules here under. Definitions and salient features related to retail and wholesale distribution of drugs. The powers of Inspectors |
| The drugs and cosmetics act, 1940: The sampling procedures and the procedure and formalities in obtaining licenses under the rule. Facilities to be provided for fuinning a pharmacy effectively |
| The drugs and cosmetics act, 1940: General study of the schedules withs special reference of schedules C, C1, F.G, J, H, P and X and salient features of labeling and storages condition of drugs |
| The drugs and magic remedies (objectionable advertisement) act, 1954: General study of the act objective, special reference to be laid on advertisements |
| The drugs and magic remedies (objectionable advertisement) act, 1954: Magic remedies and objectionable and permitted advertisements-disease which cannot be claimed to be cured |
| Narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances act, 1985: A brief study of the act with special reference to its objectives, offences and punishment |
| Brief introduction of the study of the following acts: (i) Latest drugs (price control ) order in force, (ii) poisons act, 1919 (as amended to date), (iii) medicinal and toilet preparations (excise duties) act, 1971 (as amended to date) |
| Brief introduction of the study of the following acts: (iv) Medical termination of pregnancy act, 1971 (as amended to date) |
Pharmacy-pharmaceutical chemistry
Pharmacy-pharmaceutical chemistry: Unit 01
Pharmaceutical chemistry-I |
|---|
| General discussions on the following inorganic compounds including important physical and chemical properties, medical and pharmaceutical uses, storage conditions and chemical incompatibility |
| (a) Acids, bases and buffers, boric acid, hydrochloric acid, strong ammonium hydroxide. Calcium hydroxide. Sodium hydroxide and official buffers |
| (b) Antioxidants-hypo phosphorous acid, sulphur dioxide, sodium bisulphate, sodium metabisulphite, nitrogen and sodium nitrite |
| (c) Gastrointestinal agents: (i) Acidifying agents-dilute hydrochloric acid. (ii) Antacids-sodium bicarbontate, aluminium hydroxide gel, aluminium phosphate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium trisilicate, magnesium oxide |
| (c) Gastrointestinal agents: (ii) Antacids-combinations of antacid preparations. (iii) Protectives and adsorbents-bismuth subcarbonate and kaolin. (iv) Saline cathartics-sodium potassium tartate and magnesium sulphate |
| (d) Topical agents: (i) Protectives-talc, zinc oxide calamine, zinc stearate, titanium dioxide, silicone polymers. (ii) Antimicrobials and astringents-hydrogen peroxide, potassium permagnate, chlorinated lime, iodine, solutions of iodine |
| (d) Topical agents: (ii) Antimicrobials and astringents-povidone-iodine, boric acid, borax, silver nitrate, mild silver proein, mercury, yellow mercuric oxice, ammoniated mercury |
| (d) Topical agents: (iii) Sulphur and its compounds-sublimed sulphur precipitated sulphur, selenium sulphide. (vi) Astringents: Alum and zinc sulphate |
| (e) Dental products-sodium flouride, stannous flouride, calcium carbonate, sodium metaphosphate, dicalcium phosphate, strontium chloride, zinc chloride |
| (f) Inhalants-oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide |
| (g) Respiratory stimulants-ammonium carbonate |
| (h) Expectorants and emetics-ammonium chloride, potassium lodide, antimony potassium tartrate |
| (i) Antidotes-sodium nitrate |
| Major intra and extcracellular electrolytes: (a) Electrolytes used for replacement therapy-sodium chloride and its preparation. Potassium chloride and its preparation.(b) Physiological acid-base balance and electrolytes used-sodium acetate |
| Major intra and extcracellular electrolytes: (b) Physiological acid-base balance and electrolytes used-potassium acetate, sodium bicarbonate injection, ammonium chloride and its injection. (c) Combination of oral electrolyte-powder and solutions |
| Inorganic official compounds of iron, iodine, and calcium ferrous sulphate and calcium gluconate |
| Radio pharmaceuticals and contrast media-radio activity, alpha, beta, and gamma radiations, biological effects and radiations measurements of radio activity |
| G.M. counter radio isotopes their uses, storage and precautions with special reference to the official preparations |
| Quality control of drugs and pharmaceuticals: Importance of quality control, significance efforts, methods used for quality control, sources of impurities in pharmeceuticals. Limit tests for arsenic chloride, sulphate, iron and heavy metals |
| Identification tests for cations and anions as per Indian pharmacopeia |
Pharmacy-pharmaceutical chemistry: Unit 02
Pharmaceutical chemistry-II |
|---|
| Introduction to the nomenclature of organic chemical systems with particular reference to heterocyclic system containing upto 3 rings |
| The chemistry of following pharmaceutical organic compounds-covering their nomenclature, chemical structure, uses and the important physical and chemical properties (chemical structure of on those compounds marked with asterisk (*) |
| The stability and storage conditions and the different type of pharmaceutical formulations of these drugs and their popular brand names |
| Antiseptics and disinfectants: Proflavine* benzal-koniumchloride, cetrimide, chlorocresol* chloroxylene, formaldehyde solution, hexachlorophene, liquified phenol, nitrofurantoin sulfonamides–sulfadiazine sulfaguandine* phthalylsulfathiazole |
| Antiseptics and disinfectants: Succinylsulfathizole. Sulfadimethoxazole, cotrimoxazole, sulfacetamide* |
| Antileprotic drugs: Clofazime, thaimbutosine, dapsone* solapsone |
| Anti-tubercular drugs: Isoniazed* PAS, streptomycin, rifampicin, ethambutol* thiacetazone, ethionamide, cycloserine, pyrazinamide* |
| Antiamoebic and anthelmintic drugs: Emetine, metronidazole* halogenated hydroxyquinolines, diloxanidefuroate, paramomycin piperzine* mebandazole, D.E.C.* |
| Antibiotics: Benzyl pencillin*, phenoxy methyl pencillin*, benzathine pencillin, ampicillin*, cloaxocillin, carbencillin, gentamicin, neomycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, cephalexin, cephaloridine, cephalothin, griseofuivin, chloramphenical |
| Antifungal agents: Undecylenic acid, tolnaftate, nystain, ampthotericin hamycin |
| Antimalarial drugs: Chloroquine, amodiaquine, primaquine, triflu perazine, thiothixene, haloperidol. Triperidol, oxypertine, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, lorazepam, meprobamate |
| Hypnotics: Phenobarbitone, butobarbitone, cyclobarbitone, nitrazepam, gluthethimide*, methypylone, paraldelnyde, triclofos sodium, general anaesthetics: Halothane*, cyclopropane*, diethlehter*, methohexital sodium, thiopental sodium trichloroethylene |
| Antidepressant drugs: Amitriptyline, imipramine* pheneizine, tranylcypromine |
| Analeptics: Theophyline, caffeine*, coramine*, coramine*, dextroamphetamine |
| Adrenergic drugs: Adrenaline*, noradrenaline, isoprenaline*, phenylephrine, salbutamol, terbutaline, ephedrine*, pseudoephedrine |
| Adrenergic antagonist: Tolazoline, propranolol*, practolol |
| Cholinergic drugs: Neostigmine*, pyridostigmine, pralidoxime, pilocarpine, physostigmine* |
| Cholinergic antagonists: Atropine*, hysocine, homatropine, propantheline*, benztropine, tropicamide, biperiden* |
| Diuretic drugs: Furosemide*, chlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide*, benzthiazide, urea*, mannitol*, ethacrynic acid |
| Cardiovascular drugs: Ethyl nitrite*, glyceryl trinitrate, alpha methyldopa, guanthidine, chlorpropamide*, tolbutamide, glibencalmide, phenformine*, metformin |
| Coagulants and anti-coagulants: Heparin, thrombin, menadione*, bishydroxycoumarin, warfarion sodium |
| Local anesthetics: Lignocaine procaine, benzocaine histamine and histaminic agents-histamine, diphenhydramine*, promethzine cyproheptadine, mepyramine, pheniramine, chlorpheniramine* |
| Analgesics and anti-pyretics: Morphin, pethidine*, codeine, methadone, aspirin*, paracetamol*, analgin, dextropropoxyphene. Pentazocine |
| Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents: Indomethacin*, phenyl butazone oxyphenbutezone ibuprofen thyroxine and antithyroids-thyroxine, methimazole methylthiouracil, propylthiouracil |
| Diagnostic agensts: Isopanoic acid, propyliodone sulfobromophthalein, sodium indigotindisulfonatae, indigo carmine, evansblue, congo red fluorescein sodiom |
| Anticonvulsants*, cardiac glycosides antiarrhythmic antihypertensives and vitamins |
| Steroidal drugs: Betamethazone, cortisone, hydrocortisone prednisolone, progesterone, testosterone, oestardiol, nandrolone |
| Anti-neoplasic drugs: Actinomycines, azathioprine, busulphan, chloarambucil. Cisplatin cyclophosphamide, dau norubiein, hydrochloride flurouracil, meracaptopurine, methotrexate, mytomycin |
Pharmacy-pharmaceutical chemistry: Unit 03
Biochemistry and clinical pathology |
|---|
| Introduction to biochemistry |
| Brief chemistry and role of proteins, polypeptides and amino acids, classifications, quantitative tests, biological value, deficiency diseases |
| Brief chemistry and role of carbohydrates, classification qualitative tests, diseases related to carbohydrate metabolism |
| Brief chemistry and role of lipids, classification, qualitative tests, diseases related to lipid metabolism |
| Brief chemistry and role of vitamins and coenzymes |
| Role of minerals and water in life processes |
| Enzymes: Brief concept of enzymic action. Factors affecting it. Therapeutic and pharmaceutical importance |
| Brief concept of normal and abnormal metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids |
| Introduction to pathology of blood and urine: (a) Lymphocytes and platelets, their role in health and disease. (b) Erythrocytes abnormal cells and their significance. (c) Abnormal constituents of urine and their significance in diseases |
Pharmacy-pharmacognosy
Pharmacy-pharmacognosy: Unit 01
Pharmacognosy |
|---|
| Definintion, history and scope of pharmacognosy including indiaenous system of medicine |
| Various systems of classification of drugs of natural origin |
| Adultration and drug evaluation; significance of pharmacopial standards |
| Brief outline of occurrence, distribution, outline of isolation, identification tests, therapeutic and pharmaceutical applications of alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, volatile oils, tannins and resins |
| Occurrence, distribution, organoleptic evaluation, chemical constituents including tests wherever applicable and therapeutic efficacy of following categories of drugs: (a) Laxatives-aloes, rhubarb, castor oil, ispaghula. Senna |
| Occurrence, distribution, organoleptic evaluation, chemical constituents including tests wherever applicable and therapeutic efficacy of following categories of drugs: (b) Cardiotonics-digitalis, arujna |
| Occurrence, distribution, organoleptic evaluation, chemical constituents including tests wherever applicable and therapeutic efficacy of following categories of drugs: (c) Carminatives and G.I. regulators-umbelliferous fruits, coriander, fennel, ajowan |
| Occurrence, distribution, organoleptic evaluation, chemical constituents including tests wherever applicable and therapeutic efficacy of following categories of drugs: (c) Carminatives and G.I. regulators-cardamom, ginger. Black pepper, asafoetida |
| Occurrence, distribution, organoleptic evaluation, chemical constituents including tests wherever applicable and therapeutic efficacy of following categories of drugs: (c) Carminatives and G.I. regulators-nutrneg, cinnamon, clove. (d) Astringents-catechu |
| Occurrence, distribution, organoleptic evaluation, chemical constituents including tests wherever applicable and therapeutic efficacy of following categories of drugs: (e) Drugs acting on nervous system-hyoscyamus, belladona, aconite, ashwagandha; ephedra |
| Occurrence, distribution, organoleptic evaluation, chemical constituents including tests wherever applicable and therapeutic efficacy of following categories of drugs: (e) Drugs acting on nervous system-opium, cannabis, nuxvomica |
| Occurrence, distribution, organoleptic evaluation, chemical constituents including tests wherever applicable and therapeutic efficacy of following categories of drugs: (f) Antihypertensives-rauwolfia. (g) Antitussive-vasaka, tolu balsam, tulsi |
| Occurrence, distribution, organoleptic evaluation, chemical constituents including tests wherever applicable and therapeutic efficacy of following categories of drugs: (h) Antirheumatics-guggul, colchicum. (i) Antitumour-vinca |
| Occurrence, distribution, organoleptic evaluation, chemical constituents including tests wherever applicable and therapeutic efficacy of following categories of drugs: (j) Antileprotics-chaulmoogra oil. (k) Antidiabetics-pterocarpus, gymnema, sylestro |
| Occurrence, distribution, organoleptic evaluation, chemical constituents including tests wherever applicable and therapeutic efficacy of following categories of drugs: (l) Diuretics-gokhru, purnarnava. (m) Antidysentries-ipecacuanha |
| Occurrence, distribution, organoleptic evaluation, chemical constituents including tests wherever applicable and therapeutic efficacy of following categories of drugs: (n) Antiseptics and disinfectants-benzion, myrrh, nim, curcuma |
| Occurrence, distribution, organoleptic evaluation, chemical constituents including tests wherever applicable and therapeutic efficacy of following categories of drugs: (o) Antimalarials-cinchona. (p) Oxytocics-ergot. (q) Vitamins-shark liver oil and amla |
| Occurrence, distribution, organoleptic evaluation, chemical constituents including tests wherever applicable and therapeutic efficacy of following categories of drugs: (r) Enzymes-papaya, diastase, yeast. (s) Perfumes and flavouring agents-peppermint oil |
| Occurrence, distribution, organoleptic evaluation, chemical constituents including tests wherever applicable and therapeutic efficacy of following categories of drugs: (s) Perfumes and flavouring agents-lemon oil, orange, grass oils, sandalwood |
| Occurrence, distribution, organoleptic evaluation, chemical constituents including tests wherever applicable and therapeutic efficacy of following categories of drugs: (t) Pharmaceutical aids-honey arachis oil, strach, kaolin, pectin, olive oil, lanolin |
| Occurrence, distribution, organoleptic evaluation, chemical constituents including tests wherever applicable and therapeutic efficacy of following categories of drugs: (t) Pharmaceutical aids-beeswax, acacia, tragacanth, sodium alginate, agar, guar gum |
| Occurrence, distribution, organoleptic evaluation, chemical constituents including tests wherever applicable and therapeutic efficacy of following categories of drugs: (t) Pharmaceutical aids-gelatin. (u) Miscellaneous-liquorice, garlic, picrorhiza |
| Occurrence, distribution, organoleptic evaluation, chemical constituents including tests wherever applicable and therapeutic efficacy of following categories of drugs: (u) Miscellaneous-dioscorea, linseed. Shatavari, shanknapushpi, pyrcthrum, tobacco |
| Collection and preparation of crude drug for the market as exemplified by ergot opium; rauwolfia, digitalis, senna |
| Study of source preparation and identification of fibres used in sutures and surgical dressings-cotton, silk, wool and regenerated fibre |
| Gross anatomical studies of senna, datura, cinnamon, cinchona, fennel, clove, ginger, nuxvomica and ipecacuanha |
Pharmacy-pharmacognosy: Unit 02
Drug store and business management |
|---|
| Introduction-trade, industry and commerce, functions and subdivision of commerce, introduction of elements of economics and management |
| Forms of business organizations |
| Channels of Distribution |
| Drug house management: Selection of site, space layout and legal requirements. Importance and objectives of purchasing, selection of suppliers, credit information, tenders contract and price determination and legal requirements there to |
| Drug house management: Codification, handling of drug stores and other hospital supplies |
| Inventory control-objects and importance, modern techniques like ABC, VED analysis, the lead time, inventory carrying cost, safety stock, minimum and maximum stock levels, economic order quantity, scrap and surplus disposal |
| Sales promotion, market research salesmanship, qualities of salesman, advertising and window display |
| Recruitment, training, evaluation and compensation of the pharmacist |
| Banking and finance service and functions of bank |
| Finance planning and sources of finance |
| Part-II accountancy: (i) Introduction to the accounting concepts and conventions. Double entry book keeping different kinds of account. (ii) Cash Book. (iii) General ledger and trial balance sheet. (iv) Profit and loss account and balance sheet |
| Part-II accountancy: (v) Simple technique of analyzing financial statements. Introduction to budgeting |
Pharmacy-pharmacognosy: Unit 03
Health education and community pharmacy subjects |
|---|
| Concept of health: Definition of physical health, mental health, social health, spiritual health determinants of health, indicator of health, concept of disease, natural history of diseases, the disease agents, concept of prevention of diseases |
| Nutrition and health: Classification of foods requirements, disease induced due to deficiency of proteins, vitamins and minerals treatment and prevention |
| Demography and family planning: Demography cycle, fertility, family planning, contraceptive methods, behavioral methods, natural family planning method, chemical method, mechanical methods, hormonal contraceptives, population problem of India |
| First aid: Emergency treatments in shock, snake bite, burns poisoning heart disease, fractures and resustication methods. Elements of minor surgery and dressings |
| Environments and health: Sources of water supply, water pollution, purification of water, health and air, noise light soild waste disposal and control, medical entomology, arthropod borne disease and their control, rodents, animals and diseases |
| Fundamental principles of microbiology classification of microbes, isolation, staining techniques of organisms of common diseases |
| Communicable diseases: Causative agents, modes of transmission and prevention-(a) respiratory infection-chicken pox, measles, influenza, diphtheria whooping cough and tuberculosis. (b) Intestinal infections; poliomyitis, hepatitis, cholera, typhoid |
| Communicable diseases: Causative agents, modes of transmission and prevention-(b) intestinal infections-food poisioning, hookworm infection. (c) Arthropod borne infections-plague, malaria; filariasis. (d) Surface infection-rabies, trichoma, tetanus |
| Communicable diseases: Causative agents, modes of transmission and prevention-(d) surface infection-leprosy. (e) Sexually transmitted disases-syphilis, gonorrhoea, AIDS |
| Non-communicable diseases: Causative agents, prevention, care and control. Cancer, diabetes; blindness, cardiovasodlar diseases |
| Epidimiology its scope, methods uses dynamics of diseases of transmission immunity and immunization; immunological products and their dose schedule, principles of disease control and prevention |
| Hospital acquired infection, prevention and control, disinfection, types of disinfection, disfection procedures, faeces urine, sputum, Icomlinen, dead-bodies, instruments |
Pharmacy-pharmacology
Pharmacy-pharmacology: Unit 01
Human anatomy and physiology |
|---|
| Scope of anatomy and physiology, definition of various terms used in anatomy |
| Structure of cell, function of its components with special reference to mitochondria and micorsomes |
| Elementary tissues of body i.e. epithelial tissue, muscular tissue, connective tissue and nervous tissue |
| Structure and function of skeleton, classification of joints and their function, joint disorder |
| Composition of blood, functions of blood elements |
| Blood groups and coagulation of blood |
| Brief information regarding disorders of blood |
| Name and functions of lymph glands |
| Structure and functions of various parts of the heart |
| Arterial and venous system with special reference to the names and positions of main arteries and viens |
| Blood pressure and its recording |
| Brief information about cardiovascular disorders |
| Various parts of respiratory system and their functions, physiology of respiration |
| Various parts of urinary system and their functions, structure and functions of kidney, physiology of urine formation, pathophysiology of renal diseases and oedema |
| Structure of skeletal muscle |
| Physiology of muscle contraction, names position, attachments and functions of various skeletal muscles physilogy of neuromuscular junction |
| Various part of central nervous system, brain and its parts functions and reflex action |
| Anatomy and physiology of automatic nervous system |
| Elementary knowledge of structure and functions of the organs of taste, smell, ear, eye and skin, physiology of pain |
| Digestive system; names of the various parts of digestive system and their functions of liver, physiology of digestions and absorption |
| Endocrine glands and hormones |
| Locations of the glands, their hormones and functions |
| Pitutary, thyroid, adrenal and pancreas |
| Reproductive systems-physiology and anatomy and reproductive system |
Pharmacy-pharmacology: Unit 02
Pharmacology and toxicology |
|---|
| Introduction to pharmacology, scope of pharmacology |
| Routes of administration of drugs their advantages and disadvantages |
| Various processes of absorption of drugs and the factors affecting them, metabolism, distribution and excretion of drugs |
| General mechanism of drugs action and the factors which modify drug action |
| Pharmacological classification of drugs |
| The discussion of drugs should emphasise the following aspect: (i) Drugs acting on the central nervous system-(a) general anaesthetics, adjunction to anaestheasia intravenuous anaesthetics |
| The discussion of drugs should emphasise the following aspect: (i) Drugs acting on the central nervous system-(b) analgestic antipyretics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, narcotic analgestics, antirheumatic and antigout remedies |
| The discussion of drugs should emphasise the following aspect: (i) Drugs acting on the central nervous system-(b) sedatives and hypnotics. (c) Centrally acting, muscle relaxants and anti-parkinsonism agents |
| The discussion of drugs should emphasise the following aspect: (ii) Local anaesthetics. (iii) Drug acting on autonomic nervous system: (a) Cholinergic drug, anticholinergic drugs, anticholinerserase drugs |
| The discussion of drugs should emphasise the following aspect: (iii) Drug acting on autonomic nervous system-(b) adrenergic drugs and adrenergic receptor blockers. (c) Neurone blockers and ganglion blockers |
| The discussion of drugs should emphasise the following aspect: (iii) Drug acting on autonomic nervous system- (d) neuromuscular blockers, drugs used in myasthenia gravis |
| The discussion of drugs should emphasise the following aspect: (iv) Drugs acting on eye, mydriatics, drugs used in glaucoma. (v) Drugs acting on respiratory system-respiratory stimulants bronchodilators, nasal decongestants |
| The discussion of drugs should emphasise the following aspect: (v) Drugs acting on respiratory system-expectorants and antitussive agents |
| The discussion of drugs should emphasise the following aspect: (vi) Antacids, physiological role of histamine and serotonin, histamine and drugs used in atherosclerosis. (vii) Cardio vascular drugs, cardio tonics, antiarrhyhmic agents, antianginal agents |
| The discussion of drugs should emphasise the following aspect: (vii) Antihypertensive agents, peripheral vasodilators and drugs used in atherosclerosis. (viii) Drugs acting on the blood forming organs, haematinics, coagulants and anti-coagulants |
| The discussion of drugs should emphasise the following aspect: (viii) Haemostatics, blood substitutes and plasma expanders |
| The discussion of drugs should emphasise the following aspect: (ix) Drugs affecting, renal function-diuretics and antidiuretics. (x) Hormones and hormone antagonists-hypoglycemic agents, antithyroid durgs |
| The discussion of drugs should emphasise the following aspect: (x) Hormones and hormone antagonists-sex hormones and oral contraceptives and laxatives, antidiarrhoeals, emetics, antiemetics, antispasmodics |
| Chemotherapy of microbial disease: Urinary antiseptics, sulphonamides. Emocooms. Streptomycin. Tetracylines and other antibiotics, antitubercular agents, anti fungal agents, anti viral drugs, antileprotic drugs |
| Chemotherapyor protozoal diseases |
| Anthelmintic drugs |
| Chemotherapy of cancer |
| Disinfectants and antiseptics |
Pharmacy-pharmacology: Unit 03
Hospital pharmacy and clinical pharmacy-Part-I (hospital pharmacy) |
|---|
| Hospitals definitions, function, classifications based on various criteria, organization, management and health delivery system in India |
| Hospital pharmacy: (a) Definitions. (b) Functions and objectives of hospital pharmaceutical services. (c) Location, layout, flowchart of material and men. (d) Personnel and facilities requirements based on individual and basic needs |
| Hospital pharmacy: (e) Requirements and abilities required for hospital pharmacists |
| Drug distribution system in hospitals: (a) Out-patient service. (b) In-patient services-(i) types of services, (ii) detailed discussion of unit system. Floor and ward stock system, satellite pharmacy service, central services, bedside pharmacy |
| Manufacturing: (a) Economical considerations, estimation of demand. (b) Sterile manufacture-large and small volume parenterals, facilities, requirements layout production planning, man-power requirements |
| Manufacturing: (c) Non sterile manufacture-liquid orals, externals-bulk concentrates. (d) Procurement of stores and testing of raw materials |
| Nomenclature and used of surgical instruments and hospital equipments and health accessories |
| P.T.C. (pharmacy therapeutic committee), hospital formulary system and their organization, functioning, composition |
| Drug information service and drug information bulletin |
| Surgical dressing like cotton, gauze, bandages and adhesive tape including their pharmacopocial tests of quality |
| Other hospital supply e.g. I.V. sets, B.G. sets, ryals tubes, catheters, syringesm, etc |
| Application of computers in maintenance of records, inventory control medication monitoring, drug information and data storage and retrieval in hospital and retail pharmacy establishments |
Pharmacy-pharmacology: Unit 04
Hospital pharmacy and clinical pharmacy-Part-II (clinical pharmacy) |
|---|
| Introduction to clinical pharmacy practice-definition, scope |
| Modern dispensing-pharmacists and patient counseling advice for the use of common drugs, medication history |
| Common daily terminology used in the practice of medicine |
| Disease, manifestation and pathophysiology including salient symptoms to understand the disease like tuberculosis, hepatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, epilepsy, diabetes, peptic ulcer, hypertension |
| Physiological parameters with their significance |
| Drug interactions: (a) Definition and introduction. (b) Mechanism of drug interaction. (c) Drug-drug interaction with reference to analgesics diuretics, cardiovascular drugs. Gastro-intestinal agents, vitamins and hypoglycemic agents |
| Drug interactions: (d) Drug-food interaction |
| Adverse drug reaction: (a) Definition and significance. (b) Drug-induced disease and teratogencity |
| Drugs in clinical toxicity-introduction, general treatment of poisoning, systemic antidotes, treatment of insecticide poisoning, heavy metal poison, narcotic drugs-barbiturate, organophosphours poisons |
| Drug dependence, drug abuse, addictive drugs and their treatment complications |
| Bioavailability of drugs, including factors affecting it |
AP ECET 2022 Exam Pattern
The exam conducting authority will release the AP ECET exam pattern in the official notification. Applicants appearing for the exam must check the exam pattern of AP ECET for their preparations. AP ECET exam pattern 2022 comprises mode of examination, marking scheme, number of questions, duration and others. Along with the exam pattern, applicants can also check the AP ECET 2022 syllabus to ace the exam with a good score. For more details about AP ECET exam pattern 2022, candidates can refer to the table below.
AP ECET Exam Pattern
Particulars | Details |
Mode of Examination | Online |
Duration of Exam | 3 hours |
Medium of Examination | English |
Type of Questions | 200 Objective Type Questions |
Sections for Engineering Stream |
|
Sections for B.Sc Mathematics Stream |
|
Total Number of Questions | 200 Questions |
AP ECET 2022 Mock Test
The exam conducting authority will release the AP ECET mock test at the official website a few days before the exam. Applicants will be able to access the AP ECET mock test 2022 through the mock test login. Applicants are not required to login to attempt the mock test. With the help of the AP ECET mock test, applicants can know the exam pattern, questions asked and other details. It also helps to improve calculation speed of candidates. Since the AP ECET mock test 2022 will positively help in the preparation, the candidates are advised to attempt it on a regular basis. The structure of the mock test will be similar to the examination.
The exam conducting authority will release the admit card of AP ECET 2022 a few days before the commencement of the examination. Applicants will be able to download their AP ECET admit card 2022 through registration number and date of birth. After downloading the admit card, applicants are advised to check all the details mentioned in it. In case of any discrepancy in AP ECET admit card, candidates must contact the exam authority before the commencement of the exam. Along with the AP ECET 2022 admit card, applicants also need to carry one valid ID proof at the exam centre. Steps to download the AP ECET admit card are given below.
How to download AP ECET admit card 2022
Visit the AP ECET official website.
Click on the direct link to download the AP ECET admit card.
Enter the login credentials in the required fields.
Check all the details mentioned in the AP ECET admit card.
Download the AP ECET 2022 admit card for future reference.
AP ECET 2022 Exam Centers
| State | City |
|---|---|
| Andhra Pradesh | Ananthapur |
| Gooty | |
| Hindupur | |
| Chittoor | |
| Madanapalle | |
| Puttur | |
| Tirupati | |
| Kakinada | |
| Rajahmundry | |
| Amalapuram | |
| Bapatla | |
| Guntur | |
| Narasaraopeta Rural | |
| Gudlavalleru | |
| Kanchikacherla | |
| Mylavaram | |
| Vijayawada | |
| Machilipatnam | |
| Kurnool | |
| Nandyal | |
| Chirala | |
| Markapuram | |
| Ongole | |
| Gudur | |
| Kavali | |
| Nellore | |
| Razam | |
| Srikakulam | |
| Tekkali | |
| Anakapalle | |
| Anandapuram | |
| Gajuwaka part | |
| Visakhapatnam | |
| Bobbili | |
| Vizianagaram | |
| Bhimavaram | |
| Eluru | |
| T.Narasapuram | |
| Tadepalligudem | |
| Kadapa | |
| Proddatur | |
| Rajampeta | |
| Telangana | Hyderabad |
Documents Required at Exam
- AP ECET 2022 hall ticket
AP ECET 2022 Answer Key
JNTU Anantapur will release the AP ECET answer key soon after the conclusion of the exam. With the help of AP ECET answer key 2022, applicants will be able to check the answers of all the questions asked in the exam. Candidates can calculate their expected marks using the ECET answer key. Applicants will be able to raise objections in the answer key for a specified period. After considering all the objections, the exam conducting authority will release the AP ECET final answer key at the official website.
Steps to check AP ECET answer key 2022
Visit the AP ECET official website.
Click on the link to check the AP ECET answer key.
Subject wise answer key PDF links will appear.
Click on the direct link to download the answer key for each subject.
Download the AP ECET answer key for future reference.
9 Colleges Accepting Admission through AP ECET
The exam conducting authority will release the AP ECET result at the official website after the conclusion of the examination. Applicants will be able to check their AP ECET result 2022 through their registration number and hall ticket number. Along with the declaration of the result, the exam authority will also release the AP ECET rank card at the official website. AP ECET rank card 2022 can be downloaded through registration number, hall ticket number and date of birth. The qualifying percentage marks for obtaining a rank in AP ECET is 25% of the aggregate marks in the four subjects i.e., 50 marks out of a total of 200. However, in the case of SC/ST candidates, there will be no minimum qualifying marks.
How to check AP ECET result 2022?
Visit the AP ECET official website - sche.ap.gov.in.
Click on the direct link to check AP ECET results.
Enter the login credentials in the required fields.
Check all the details mentioned in the scorecard.
Download the AP ECET 2022 scorecard for future reference.
Tie-Breaking Criteria of AP ECET 2022 Result for Engineering Stream
If there arises a tie among candidates in aggregate marks, then the following steps will be taken into action as per the order:
The candidate who has scored higher in the Engineering section will be given a higher rank.
If the tie is not broken, then the candidate who has scored more in Mathematics will be given a higher rank.
If the tie still persists, the candidate who has secured more scores in Physics will be allotted a higher rank.
After the above steps, the candidate with a higher score in Chemistry will be given a higher rank.
If the tie is still not broken from the above points, then the older candidate will be given preference.
Tie-Breaking Criteria of AP ECET 2022 Result for B.Sc Mathematics Stream
Candidates who secure higher marks in Mathematics will be allotted a higher rank.
If the tie still remains, the aggregate marks obtained in the qualifying exam will be taken into consideration.
Along with the declaration of the result of AP ECET, the exam authorities will also release the toppers list at the official website. Applicants can check the previous year AP ECET toppers from the table given below.
AP ECET Toppers 2021
Stream | Topper name |
Mining Engineering | Veeranki Sharan |
Metallurgical Engineering | Burle A M B Akashkumar |
Mechanical Engineering | Talabattula Minnikeshwar Rao |
Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering | Pokala Bharath Vamsi |
Electrical and Electronics Engineering | Kosuru venkata Vardhan |
Electronics and Communication Engineering | Gandhan Lalitha Devi |
Computer Science and Engineering | Koppisetti Sri Atchyuta Manikanteswara rao |
Civil Engineering | Pasana Sai Kumar |
Chemical Engineering | Jella Satyanarayana |
Ceramic Technology | Bhavanam Surya Prakasa Reddy |
Agriculture Engineering | Miriyala Mounika |
Mode of Counselling: Online
The exam conducting authority will commence the AP ECET 2022 counseling after the announcement of the result. The first step is to pay the AP ECET process fee in online mode. After successful payment, applicants have to complete the document verification in online mode. After the choice filling process, the exam authority will release the AP ECET 2022 seat allotment result at the official website. The given steps will have to be followed for AP ECET counselling:
During AP ECET 2022 counselling, the candidates will have to pay the processing fee and verify their documents. The candidates will have to enter a few details. OC/BC candidates have to pay a processing fee of Rs. 1200 while SC/ST candidates will have to pay Rs. 600.
After verification, the candidates will have to log in and select their choices of colleges and courses as per preference.
Allotment of seats will be released in online mode. Candidates will be allotted seats as per their merit, category, preferences and availability of seats. The allotment order will be available through “Candidate Login”.
The allotted candidates will have to pay the remaining fees at the allotted institute.
Documents Required at Counselling
- Provisional certificates of diploma/bsc
- Marks memo of 3 years study certificate
- Residence certificate
- Date of birth proof
- AP ECET 2022 rank card
- AP ECET hall ticket 2022
- Caste certificate, if applicable
- Study certificate from 7th class to diploma or 9th class to degree
- Aadhar card
- Local status certificate
- Integrated community certificate, in case of bc/st/sc
- Income certificate
- Xerox copies of all above certificates
General Information
Contacts
8554234678
Relevant Links
Official Website Link Click Here
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Question:When will be AP ECET 2022 exam be conducted?
Answer:
AP ECET exam date 2022 will be released later at the official website.
Question:When will the AP ECET application form 2022 be released?
Answer:
AP ECET 2022 application form will be released soon at the official website.
Question:How can I fill the application form of AP ECET 2022?
Answer:
AP ECET application form 2022 will be released on the official website. Candidates have to follow the simple steps of fee payment and filling details for filling the AP ECET 2022 application form.
Questions related to AP ECET
Showing 183 out of 183 Questions
5 Views
2021 Ap Ecet cut off for Mechanical in Sv university
Student Expert 19th Jan, 2022
Hello,
Last year 6 students were allotted seat in Sri Venkateshwara University College of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering and here is the last rank of the candidates who have secured admission to Mechanical Engineering in Sri Venkateshwara University College of Engineering category wise
- General: 352
- BC-B: 585
- BC-D: 50
- SC: 278
You can check the previous year cut off using the link below
https://ecet-sche.aptonline.in/ECET/Views/CollegeWiseAllotmentReport.aspx
Cut off changes every year depending on factors such as total number of candidates appeared, difficulty level of examination and total number of seats available etc.
Answer later 23 Views
how many marks are required in ap ecet exam to get seat in AU and gayatry engg colleges in vidakhapatnam
27th Dec, 2021
Hello candidate,
The following rank list will help you to know how many marks are required to get seat in Gayatri Engineering college , Vishakhapatnam.
It is for general category,
Chemical engineering - closing rank round 1 and 2 - 22,497 and 43,737
Civil engineering - round 1 and 2 - 21,543 and 23,503
Computer science and engineering - Round 1 and 2 - 1774 and 2712
CSE (Artificial intelligence and machine learning) - round 1 and 2 - 1691 and 2223
Hope this will help you,
Thank you.
11 Views
how can we apply for spot counselling in ap ECET sir is there any link to apply or we sholud go to college and apply please tell me sir i want to apppy for spot counselling in ap ECET?
Student Expert 18th Dec, 2021
Hello,
AP ICET Spot Counselling will commence after the final phase is concluded. Spot Counselling will be conducted by the respective institutes. The notification for spot counselling will be released on the official website of the respective institutes. You need to keep an eye on notifications on the official website of the institute in which you wish to get admission and apply for the spot counselling as per the given guidelines. As of now spot counselling guidelines are not issued. You can apply for the spot counselling once the notification is released.
- To apply for Spot Admission you need to visit the official website.
- Register for spot counselling
- Pay the spot counselling fee
- Verify the original documents
- Seat allotment
- Reporting and submission of the original documents
For detailed guidelines visit the official website: https://icet-sche.aptonline.in/ (https://icet-sche.aptonline.in/ICET/Views/index.html)
25 Views
AP ECET spot counselling is online or offline is there any link to apply for spot counselling???
Student Expert 17th Dec, 2021
Hello,
The spot counselling will be conducted by the respective institutes after the counselling is concluded. As of now the instructions for AP ICET Spot Counselling are not yet released. The details related to spot counselling will be published after the counselling is concluded. Until then you need to wait to know the spot counselling mode and process. The seat allotment for AP ICET 2021 will be released on December 23, 2021. Please keep an eye on updates so that you will not miss important information. The link to the official website is given here
https://icet-sche.aptonline.in/ (https://icet-sche.aptonline.in/ICET/Views/index.html)
174 Views
Is there any 3rd phase councelling for Ap ecet 2021?
16th Dec, 2021
Greetings!
This year AP Ecet counselling is conducted in two phases. The result of APCET was declared on 1 October 2021. The registration for APCET counselling was open for November 15 to 21, 2021. The seat allotment result was declared on 30 November 2021.
The final round registration was started on December 8 to 9, 2021. The final seat allotment result was declared on 15 December. The students enrolled have to report to alloted institute till 18 December.
Hope this will help you.
This year AP Ecet counselling is conducted in two phases. The result of APCET was declared on 1 October 2021. The registration for APCET counselling was open for November 15 to 21, 2021. The seat allotment result was declared on 30 November 2021.
The final round registration was started on December 8 to 9, 2021. The final seat allotment result was declared on 15 December. The students enrolled have to report to alloted institute till 18 December.
Hope this will help you.
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